1. Term explanation: 4 points for each question, * * 20 points.

1. Nosocomial infection: Infections acquired by people in the hospital include those that occurred during hospitalization and those that occurred after discharge, but do not include those that started before admission or were in the incubation period when they were admitted. The infection acquired by hospital staff in the hospital is also a hospital infection.

2. Outbreak of nosocomial infection: refers to the phenomenon that patients in medical institutions or their departments have more than 3 cases of homologous infection in a short period of time.

3. Sanitary hand disinfection: the process of medical staff rubbing their hands with quick hand disinfectant to reduce temporary bacteria in their hands.

4. Airborne transmission: Droplet nuclei (≥5um) of pathogenic microorganisms move in the air for a short distance (within 1m), causing the spread of oral cavity, nasal mucosa or conjunctiva of susceptible people.

5. Contact transmission: Direct or indirect transmission of pathogens through hands and media.

Second, fill in the blanks: 2 points for each blank, ***30 points;

1, there are five forms of hospital infection:

Namely cross infection, environmental infection, (self infection), (iatrogenic xing infection) and (vertical infection).

2. A large number of practices have proved that (hand hygiene) is the simplest and most effective way to control hospital feeling.

3, more than 5 cases of suspected hospital infection outbreak; Hospital infection broke out in more than 3 cases. It shall report to the health administrative department of the local people's government at the county level within (12 hours) and report to the local disease prevention and control institutions.

4. Hospital infection must meet three conditions: (source of infection), (route of transmission) and (susceptible host).

5, where the operation into the respiratory tract, digestive tract and urogenital tract but no obvious or abnormal pollution, there is no technical error incision, known as (clean-pollution) incision.

6. It is very important to prevent the use of antibiotics before operation, and the drug should be given 30 minutes before the skin (mucosa) is cut (during anesthesia induction) to ensure that the drug has reached the effective concentration (> MIC 90) in serum and tissues before bacterial contamination occurs. Medicine should not be given in the ward, but in the operating room.

7. Tetracyclines and quinolones that can affect the growth and development of newborns are prohibited.

8, the provisions of the Ministry of health, the incidence of hospital infection, a hospital.

9. Particles of pathogenic microorganisms (≤5um) spread diseases through air flow, which is called (airborne).

10, and the serum half-life of common cephalosporins is 1 ~ 2h. If the operation is prolonged to more than (3h), or the blood loss exceeds 1500m 1, one dose should be added, and it can be used for the third time if necessary.

III. True or false questions: each question 1 point, * * *1point.

1, this infection is directly related to the last hospitalization, and it also belongs to hospital infection.

(√)

2. Pollution-infection (Class IV) incision refers to fresh open wound surgery; The operation entered the area of acute inflammation but not suppurative; Contaminated by obviously spilled gastrointestinal contents; There are obvious defects in aseptic technique during operation (such as open heart compression).

(×)

3. Antibacterials are classified into unrestricted use, restricted use and special use for hierarchical management. (√)

4. Routine prophylactic use of antibiotics in surgical patients can effectively prevent the occurrence of surgical incision infection. (×)

5. Routine preventive application of antibacterial drugs to common cold, measles, chickenpox and other viral diseases can effectively prevent the occurrence of secondary infection.

(×)

6. Before putting the medical waste into the container, carefully check the packaging or container of the medical waste to ensure that there is no damage, leakage or other defects.

(√)

7. Infectious excreta, secretions and body fluids produced by isolated patients with infectious diseases should be strictly disinfected and discharged into the sewage treatment system. (√)

8, when there is a case of hospital infection, the attending doctor must fill in the form within 24 hours and report to the hospital infection department. (√)

9. Normal skin preparation, effective control of blood sugar, rational use of antibacterial drugs, and keeping patients warm during operation are the measures to prevent surgical site infection. (√)

10. Prophylactic use of antibiotics before operation should be given intravenously. After dripping 1 hour, you can slowly drip in a large bottle of liquid.

(×)

4. Multiple choice questions: 20 points (1) Multiple choice questions:

1. If you are stabbed by a sharp instrument contaminated by blood and body fluids of HBV-positive patients, you should inject hepatitis B immunoglobulin within () hours, and check the blood HBV marker: C.

A, 6 hours;

B, 12 hours;

C, 24 hours;

D.48 hours

2. Infectious waste, pathological waste and a small amount of drug waste generated in your daily medical activities should be put into garbage bags with the following colors (A).

A, yellow garbage bags;

B, black garbage bags;

C, red garbage bags;

D, the above can be cast;

E. voting is not allowed above.

3. The most common adverse reaction of penicillin G is (D)

A. liver and kidney damage;

B. ototoxicity;

C. double infection;

D. allergic reaction;

E. gastrointestinal reaction.

(2) multiple choice questions:

4, hand disinfection indications (ABCD):

A, before and after entering and leaving the isolation ward and putting on and taking off isolation gown;

B, after contact with special infectious pathogens;

C, after contact with blood, body fluids and contaminated items;

D, after contact with disinfection items.

5. Which of the following measures is the main measure to prevent hospital infection (ABCD):

A, wash your hands carefully;

B, rational use of antibiotics;

C, strictly carry out aseptic operation;

D, earnestly implement the disinfection and isolation system.

6, the susceptible population of hospital infection are (ABCD):

A, the body's immune function is seriously damaged;

B, malnutrition;

C, the elderly;

D, long-term use of broad-spectrum antibacterial drugs.

7. Effective measures to prevent and control the spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria are: (ABCD)

First, strengthen the hand hygiene of medical staff;

B. strictly implement isolation measures;

C. comply with aseptic technical operation procedures;

D. strengthen hospital environmental sanitation management.

8, the possible ways of hospital infection outbreak are (ABCDE):

First, medical personnel carry special drug-resistant bacteria;

B, * * * treated with a ventilator;

C, disinfection supply room sterilization equipment is unqualified;

Pollution of disposable sterile medical supplies.

9, medical staff correct hand washing method (ABCDE):

A, palm relative friction;

B, fingers crossed, palms attached to the back; Palm-to-palm friction;

C, bend the knuckles and rub them in the palm;

D, the thumb is rubbed in the palm;

E, fingertips in the palm of your hand.

10, surgical wound infection in hospital, it is necessary to take samples for bacterial culture, and the samples should be taken from fresh pus as far as possible, which has clinical diagnostic significance. Which of the following is the correct sampling method? (B-C)

A, after removing the wound dressing, directly take sterile cotton swabs to take standard samples for inspection.

B. After removing the wound dressing, wipe off the old drainage fluid on the surface, and then use a sterile cotton swab to take samples for inspection.

C, after removing the wound dressing, wipe off the old drainage fluid on the surface, and extract a new pus standard sample from the deep wound with sterile empty needle for inspection.

D, directly take the exudate from the wound dressing for inspection.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) Answer: 20 points.

1, medical personnel in hospital infection management should perform the following duties?

A:

(1) Strictly implement the rules and regulations of hospital infection management, such as aseptic technical operation procedures.

(2) To master the principle of rational use of anti-infective drugs in clinic, so as to achieve rational use.

(3) Master the diagnostic criteria of nosocomial infection.

(4) When hospital infection cases are found, pathogen examination and drug sensitivity test should be sent in time to find out the source and route of infection, control the spread, actively treat the patients, and fill in the report truthfully; When there is an epidemic trend of nosocomial infection, report it to the infection management department in time and assist in the investigation. If a legal infectious disease is found, it shall be reported in accordance with the provisions of the Law on the Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases.

(5) Participate in the training of hospital infection prevention and control knowledge.

2. What local treatment measures should medical staff take after occupational exposure to HIV?

Answer: 1. Wash the contaminated skin with soap and running water, and wash the mucosa with normal saline.

2. If there is a wound, gently squeeze it on one side of the wound, squeeze out the blood of the wound as much as possible, and then rinse it with soap and tap water; It is forbidden to locally compress the wound.

3. After the wound of the injured part is washed, it should be disinfected with disinfectant, such as 75% ethanol or 0.5% iodophor, and the wound should be bandaged; Exposed mucosa should be washed repeatedly with normal saline.