Article 1 Teaching objectives:
1, the importance of learning the serious harm of fire and the knowledge of fire control.
2. Understand the key areas of school fire prevention and learn the precautions of school fire prevention.
3. Understand the causes of common family fires and learn the precautions for preventing family fires.
4. Understand the fire safety matters that should be paid attention to in public gathering places and the escape methods in case of fire.
5. Cultivate students' self-survival ability and let them grow up safely and healthily.
Teaching process:
First, the concept of combustion: when burning, combustible materials react with oxidants, resulting in violent chemical reactions, releasing light and heat, usually accompanied by flame, light and smoke.
Second, the three elements of combustion
1, combustible 2, combustion-supporting 3, ignition source
Third, the basic measures of fire prevention
1, control combustible 2, isolate combustion-supporting 3, eliminate fire source 4, and prevent the fire from spreading.
Fourth, the basic methods of fire fighting
1, cooling method 2, suffocation method 3, isolation method 4, chemical inhibition method
Common fire causes: 1 Smoking and littering cigarette butts cause fire; 2. Careless use of fire and excessive flammable materials (oil, gas, etc.) in the kitchen. ); 3. Improper use of electrical appliances; 4. Improper use of alcohol stove.
Common fire causes in dormitory: 1. Incorrect power supply; 2. throw cigarette butts; 3. Smoking in bed; 4. Light candles and read in mosquito nets. 5. Burning sundries; 6. Store inflammable and explosive articles; 7. Use electric heating equipment such as electric furnace; 8. Unauthorized use of alcohol stoves and other appliances that may cause fire; 9. People have lights on. 10. The desk lamp is close to the pillow and bedding.
Five, the use of fire extinguishers
1. Hold the bottom of the fire extinguisher with the left hand and the pressure handle with the right hand, and take out the fire extinguisher; 2. Go to the fire scene; 3. Unplug the safety pin; 4. Hold the fire extinguisher nozzle in the left hand and aim at the bottom of the flame, and press the knob * in the right hand.
Six, when the fire should pay attention to the following points
1, correctly judge the wind direction and stand in the downwind position *2. If the fire is large, organize many people to put out the fire. 3. After the fire is put out, you should be vigilant to prevent resurgence until it is certain that it will not burn again.
Seven, fire policy: prevention first, combining prevention with fire.
Eight, the general principles of fire fighting:
1, early alarm, less loss 2, call the police while fighting 3, control first, then put out the fire 4, save people first, then save things 5, prevent poisoning, prevent suffocation 6, listen to the command and don't panic.
Chapter II Teaching Objectives:
1, through fire accident cases, arouse students' attention to fire accidents.
2. Through this class meeting, let students know the common sense of fire safety and fire fighting, attach importance to safety and cherish life.
Preparation before class:
1. Collect fire accident cases.
2. Master some fire safety knowledge.
3. Know some fire fighting methods.
4. Master some self-help and escape skills.
Teaching process:
(A) the introduction of new courses
What serious fire accidents have happened in Hunan recently? Students, can you talk about it? (Discussion) The survival and development of mankind cannot be separated from fire. Fire has brought civilization and happiness to mankind, but at the same time it has also brought great disasters to mankind. Once the fire is out of control, it will burn human wealth, take away people's health and even life, and cause irreparable and irreparable losses. In recent years, frequent fire accidents all over the country have sounded the alarm for the whole world. Therefore, it is very necessary for us to understand, learn and master the knowledge of fire prevention, assist schools to do a good job in fire prevention, and reduce and put an end to the occurrence of fires.
(2) Fire safety cases
In the first half of this year, a total of 1026 fires broke out in Hunan * * *, killing 7 people, injuring 5 people and causing direct property losses of more than 38.89 million yuan. In addition, arson 14, 5 people died. Compared with the same period of last year, the four fire indexes decreased by 57%, 865, 438+0%, 64% and 265, 438+0% respectively. The province's fire forces * * * dispatched 3,338 times to receive the police, dispatched 37,923 fire officers and soldiers, dispatched 58 14 fire engines, rescued trapped people 1735 people, evacuated people 793 1 person, and rescued property worth 275 million yuan.
Today, the relevant person in charge of the Fire Mediation Section of the Fire Supervision Department of Hunan Provincial Fire Corps analyzed that the fire situation in the first half of the province was comprehensive, and the urban and county towns were high-risk areas, and residential fires were frequent, accounting for more than 50% of the total number of fires. At the same time, the main cause of the fire is due to careless use of electricity and fire.
1. The urban area is a fire-prone area.
Judging from the fire area, there were 760 fires in cities and counties in the first half of the year, with four people killed and two injured, and the direct property loss was 1, 376,5438+0,000 yuan, accounting for 74%, 57%, 40% and 35% of the total fires respectively. There were fires in rural areas 135, with no casualties and direct property losses of 7.56 million yuan, accounting for 13% and 19% of the total number of fires respectively. There were 84 fires in villages and towns, with 3 people killed and 3 injured. The direct property loss was 1, 536,5438+0,000 yuan, accounting for 8.2%, 43%, 60% and 38% of the total fires respectively.
2. Electrical appliances and domestic fires accidentally cause fires.
According to the fire causes, in the first half of the year, there were 594 fires caused by careless use of electrical appliances and household fires in the province, with 4 deaths and 3 injuries, and the direct property loss was 1 1.6 million yuan, accounting for 58%, 57%, 60% and 30% of the total respectively.
3, residential fires more than half of the total number of fires.
According to the fire scene, there were 578 residential fires in the first half of the year, with three people killed and three injured, and the direct property loss was 9.3 million yuan, accounting for 56%, 43%, 60% and 24% of the total respectively.
4. The mortality rate of fire at night is high.
According to the 24-hour distribution of fires, 20:00-4:00 is a high-incidence period, during which 2 people died in every 100 fire, and the death rate in every 100 fire in this period was more than 5.7 times that in the daytime. The lowest death rate of 100 fires in the whole day is 8:00- 16:00, and there is no fire in this period.
(C) common sense of campus fire prevention
1, comply with the school fire regulations. It is forbidden to pull wires indiscriminately and use electric appliances such as electric stoves, electric cups, hair dryers and rice cookers. In residences and dormitories without permission. When there is no one indoors, turn off the electrical appliances and power switch.
2. Don't smoke, and clean up the used waste paper in time to avoid fire. It is forbidden to store inflammable and explosive articles indoors.
3. Keep the desk lamp away from pillows and bedding, don't point wax to read books, and the indoor lighting should be extinguished.
4, smell the wire rubber paste, to report in time, take measures.
5. Don't put mosquito-repellent incense on the bed to sleep.
(D) The meaning of fire safety signs
(5) How to report fire and fire control knowledge
1. After calling the fire alarm number "1 19", you should calmly and accurately state the fire extinguishing unit or place, name, fire size and burning articles, and explain the name and telephone number of the alarm person. After the alarm, arrange a special person to meet at the nearest intersection to guide the fire fighting vehicle.
2. When the gas tank is on fire, cover it with soaked bedding and clothes. Put out the fire and close the valve quickly.
3. When household appliances or lines catch fire, cut off the power supply first, and then use dry powder or gas fire extinguisher to put out the fire. Don't throw water directly to put out the fire, so as not to get an electric shock or explosion and hurt people.
4, don't rush to open the doors and windows when fire fighting, in order to avoid air convection, accelerate the spread of the fire.
Activity theme: fire theme class meeting
Target audience: primary school, junior high school and senior high school.
Activity background: The recent fire is shocking, and people's attitudes and actions directly affect whether they can escape safely.
Purpose of the activity: I hope that students can learn to escape and save themselves calmly in the face of some emergencies through this class meeting.
Activity preparation: multimedia equipment, fire extinguishers, alcohol, cotton wool and iron drums.
Activity flow:
First, create a scene and introduce a theme:
Please watch the following pictures (PPT demonstration)
On July 20xx 14, a fire broke out in a middle school in Tamil Nadu, southern India, causing 175 casualties. Most of them were girls, and several teachers were killed in the fire. In addition, 100 people were injured.
20xx-03- 14, a fire broke out in an office building of Nanjing Southeast University, with the affected area of 1000 square meters. The fire department dispatched 100 fire engines, 150 people to put out the fire, and the fire was put out after more than 7 hours.
Shanghai "1 1? The number of victims of the "15" catastrophic fire accident rose to 58, including 22 males and 36 females. After the fire broke out, 56 people were reported missing by the streets and other units in Jing 'an District, Shanghai. At present, the DNA comparison of the victims and their families is in progress.
Moderator: Dear students: Fire is a friend of human beings, and it brings us light. Promote human society to civilization. But fire can burn dense forests, vast grasslands, tall buildings and even take away people's precious lives. An out-of-control fire will be a devastating disaster. Then how to prevent fire and put out the fire? Let's discuss today's class meeting.
Second, learn to fire prevention:
Use fire and electricity safely and raise awareness of prevention.
1. school fire prevention:
(1) Students are forbidden to bring * into school. (2) Don't burn garbage indiscriminately.
(3) The flammable materials used in the experiment should be used correctly. (4) Check the electrical appliances frequently.
(5) Set fire fighting equipment, and don't destroy it. (6) dormitory fire safety.
2. Fire prevention in public places
Students should do:
(1) Don't take * to public places. (2) Don't play games related to fire.
(3) Students are not allowed to have picnics in the mountains.
Third, learn to escape.
Moderator: What are the ways to escape the information collected by our classmates? Discuss and exchange your escape skills with your deskmate.
1.
2. Collective communication:
(1) At the scene of a fire, you can wet your clothes and put them on your body.
(2) You can cover your nose with a handkerchief.
(3) When there is a fire downstairs, run upstairs; There is a fire upstairs, so run downstairs.
(4) In case of fire, don't panic and keep calm.
(5) When cornered, you can use curtains to escape from the window.
(6) In case of fire, call 1 19 to call the police and wait for rescue.
Moderator: Our classmates speak very well, so let's take a look at some fire escape methods given to us by professionals. Play the video "Fire Escape".
Fourth, learn to put out fires.
Supporter: What are the basic ways to put out the fire?
1.
2. Collective communication:
The cooling fire extinguishing method is to spray the fire extinguishing agent directly on the burning object, so that the temperature of combustible materials is reduced below the ignition point and the combustion is terminated. For example, put out fires with water.
Isolation fire extinguishing method is to isolate or evacuate burning objects from nearby combustible substances to stop burning. Asphyxiation fire extinguishing method is to prevent air from flowing into the combustion zone, or dilute the air with noncombustible substances, so that combustible substances can be extinguished by cutting off oxygen. For example, foam is used to put out oil fires.
Suppression fire extinguishing method, also known as chemical blocking method, is to make the extinguishing agent participate in the combustion reaction process, so that the free radicals produced in the combustion process disappear and form stable molecules or low-activity free radicals, so as to stop the combustion reaction. Such as dry powder extinguishing agent to put out gas fire.
Moderator: How to use the fire extinguisher?
1.
2. Collective communication:
(1) How to use foam extinguisher: It is mainly suitable for putting out all kinds of oil fires, wood, fiber, rubber and other solid combustible fires. Hold the handle, hold the bottom of the fire extinguisher with your left hand, and gently take out the fire extinguisher. Go to the scene with a fire extinguisher in your right hand. Cover the nozzle with your right hand and hold the bottom edge of the cylinder with your left hand. Turn the fire extinguisher upside down, shake it up and down a few times, and then let go of the sprinkler.
(2) Usage of dry powder fire extinguisher: It is suitable for extinguishing all kinds of flammable liquids and flammable gases, as well as electrical equipment fires. Hold the handle, hold the bottom of the fire extinguisher with your left hand, and gently take out the fire extinguisher. Go to the scene with a fire extinguisher in your right hand. Pull out the lead seal and safety pin, hold the nozzle with the left hand and the pressure handle with the right hand. At a distance of 2 meters, press the handle with the right hand and shake the nozzle with the left hand to make the dry powder cover the whole combustion area.
Fifth, escape experience and enhance awareness.
Moderator: In the face of fire, people's lives seem so fragile. Today, we learned how to escape from the scene of the fire, so let's practice and take precautions.
1. Select several students to prepare for the activities under the leadership of the monitor.
2. Place fire props.
3. Check the escape route.
4. Evacuate and escape in groups under the guidance of the teacher.
Sixth, summary and evaluation. Talk about the harvest and experience.