◆ Genghis Khan's "Destroying Gold" and "Destroying Song"
Attack from afar and attack from near is a strategic strategy to divide and disintegrate enemy alliances, break them one by one, make friends with countries far away from themselves and attack neighboring countries first.
When the attempt to achieve military goals is difficult to achieve due to geographical restrictions, we should strike the nearest enemy first, and do not go beyond the near enemy to strike the enemy far away from us. In order to prevent the enemy from forming an alliance, we should do everything possible to divide the enemy and separate them one by one. After destroying the near enemy, the "far" country became a new target of attack. In fact, the purpose of "making friends" is to avoid too many diplomatic deception used to make enemies.
After Genghis Khan unified Mongolia, he had a bigger goal. It is adjacent to Jin in the southeast, Xixia in the southwest, and the Southern Song Dynasty further away. At this time, only gold poses a threat to Mongolia. So, on the one hand, Genghis Khan coerced Xixia to make peace with him by force, and lifted the harassment to the western regions; On the one hand, he sent people to make friends with the Southern Song Dynasty and promised to attack gold with the Southern Song Dynasty. Although the Southern Song Dynasty did not unite with Mongolia to resist gold under the pressure of gold, it adopted a neutral attitude towards Mongolia's attack on gold. Gold was defeated repeatedly, so that the capital was moved to Kaifeng.
Genghis Khan saw Jin's defeat and took advantage of it to attack Xixia. In June of A.D. 1227, he was forced to surrender, and Xia perished. Genghis Khan died in June.
1229, Genghis Khan's son, Wokuotai, was in a sweaty position, and he also adopted the strategy of "making friends far away and attacking near". He sent emissaries to the Southern Song Dynasty to attack the State of Jin, and conquered Kaifeng in 1233. In order to show friendship with the Southern Song Dynasty, Wokuotai also decorated the Confucius Temple. 1234 1 month, Jin aizong committed suicide and Jin perished.
1June 235, Mongolia saw that the obstacles on the road to expansion had been basically removed, so it attacked the Southern Song Dynasty and conquered Nanjing. 1279, the Yuan army captured Guishan (Xinhui area, Guangdong Province), and Lu Xiufu, the minister of the Song Dynasty, committed suicide by jumping into the sea with the little emperor on his back, and the Southern Song Dynasty perished. Yuan unified China.
◆ Qin Yitong
At the end of the warring States period, the seven chivalrous men competed for hegemony. After Shang Yang's political reform, Qin's power developed fastest. Zhao Haoqi of Qin began to plot to annex six countries and monopolize the Central Plains. In 270 BC, Zhao Haoqi of the State of Qin was ready to set out to cut Qi. At this time, Fan Ju put forward the strategy of "making friends far away and attacking near" to Zhao Haoqi of Qin, in order to prevent Qin from attacking Qi. He said: Qi is powerful and far from Qin. To attack Qi, the troops had to pass through Korea and Wei. It is difficult to win with few troops; Send more troops, even if you win, you can't occupy the land of Qi. It is better to attack neighboring Korea and Wei first and advance gradually. In order to prevent Qi from forming an alliance with Korea and Wei, Qin Zhao Haoqi sent envoys to form an alliance with Qi. After more than 40 years, Qin Shihuang continued to adhere to the policy of "making friends with Chu", first capturing Korea and Wei, then invading from two wings, breaking through Zhao and Yan and unifying the north; Break the state of Chu and pacify the south; Finally, qi was also cleaned up. Qin Shihuang fought for ten years, and finally realized his wish of reunifying China.
◆ The Covenant of Shimen
At the beginning of the Spring and Autumn Period, the status of the Emperor of Zhou had actually risen, standing side by side, competing for the Central Plains. In this chaotic situation, Zheng Zhuanggong skillfully used the strategy of "making friends far away and attacking near" and dared to win the hegemonic position at that time. At that time, Guo Song, Guo Wei and Zheng Guo, Zheng's close neighbors, had deep grievances and sharp contradictions, and Zheng was in danger of being attacked by the two countries at any time. Zheng took the initiative in diplomacy, forming alliances with Zhu, Lu and other countries, and soon signed an agreement with the powerful State of Qi in Shimen.
In 7 19 BC, Chen and Cai jointly attacked Zheng, and Lu also sent troops to help and besieged Zhengdongmen for five days and five nights. Although he was not captured, Zheng felt that there was still a problem in the relationship between his country and Lu, so he tried every means to make up with Lu and deal with Song and Wei.
In 7 17 BC, the state of Zheng attacked the state of Song in the name of helping the country to avenge itself. At the same time, he actively carried out diplomatic efforts with Shandong and sent envoys to Shandong to discuss the handover of Zheng's visit to Shandong. Sure enough, Lu Guohe solemnly restored the old friendship. Qi came forward to mediate the relationship between Zheng and Song. Show respect for Qi's opinion and make peace with Song for the time being. Qi thus deepened his feelings for Zheng.
In 7 14 BC, Zheng Zhuanggong ordered an attack on the Song State on behalf of the Zhou Emperor on the grounds that the Song State did not worship the Zhou Emperor. The armies of Zheng, Qi and Lu quickly seized a large area of land in Song State. Song Weijun avoided the edge of the allied forces, took advantage of it and went straight for Zheng. Zheng Zhuanggong gave all the land occupied by Song to Qi and Lu, and quickly returned to Li, defeating the Song and Wei armies. Zheng pursued the victory and defeated Song State, and Wei State was forced to make peace. Zheng Zhuanggong's power has expanded and its hegemony has taken shape.
Analysis of current use situation
At first, as a diplomatic and military strategy, "making friends far away and attacking near" was an alliance with distant countries and an enemy with neighboring countries. Doing so can not only prevent changes in neighboring countries, but also make the enemy attacked on both sides and unable to compete with us. Fan Sui's plan to destroy the six countries and promote Qin shows the magic of this strategy.
Far attack and near attack are used more in political, economic and social activities than in diplomacy and military affairs.
Tomochika is like a treasure.
Although it was invented by ancient people in China, today's neighboring countries regard it as a treasure and scramble to apply it!
Attack from afar and attack from near is a wise and bloody war strategy summed up by China's ancestors. Nowadays, developed China not only attaches importance to distant friendship, but also makes friends regardless of strength, just wants to get along with each other. As for the close attack, although it is necessary in the case of a crime in a neighboring country, it has been tolerated and abandoned for many years. However, the neighboring countries of China regard the strategy of attacking far away from Tomochika as a delicacy, full of preference, endlessly playing with it, and have achieved remarkable results.
According to the China Journal's global online report, the United States and South Korea held the 40th security meeting in Washington, DC, and issued a * * * statement, clearly stipulating for the first time that South Korea is facing a critical moment, and the US military will send reinforcements as soon as possible.
From this news, we can know that South Korea has tied itself to the chariot of American international police. As we all know, South Korea did this: one of its purposes was to deal with its neighbors, North Korea, China and Japan. South Korea's economic development has stimulated its pursuit of a military power. To achieve the goal of becoming a military power, it is necessary to control North Korea, deter China and resist Japan. But South Korea's attempt is obviously difficult to succeed. As a result, South Korea relies on the United States and regards the United States as the emperor. Second, it attempts to incorporate the disputed Zhudao, Sunward Reef and Su Yan Reef belonging to China into its territory. South Korea thought that by virtue of its military ties with the United States, it occupied those islands and reefs, so that Japan and China would not dare to resort to force to compete with them, and it could happily delimit those islands into its own territory and enjoy them forever. It's a bit like daydreaming.
Obviously, this is a bold operation of South Korea's strategy of attacking far and defending near. In addition to South Korea, Japan, the Philippines, Viet Nam, and India also use the strategy of far-reaching and near-attacking, all of which are aimed at China in an attempt to devour and digest the fat cut from China. Japan has long been familiar with the strategy of attacking from afar and attacking from near, and has used it freely for a long time. In order to bring China's Ryukyu Islands and Diaoyu Islands into its territory forever, and to take advantage of the East China Sea in China, it has long been willing to get under the crotch of the United States; In order to permanently occupy islands and reefs such as Zhongye Island on the Nansha Islands in China, the Philippines has also played a hot role with the United States; In order to control China's illegal occupation of Nansha Islands, Viet Nam and the United States have made great efforts and made representations with Russia many times to win Russian assistance. India is not willing to lag behind. In order to compete with China, dominate East Asia, and seize the excellent territory of southern China, India is close to the United States, has close contacts with Russia, and has obtained military support from both countries.
In fact, China can not only create the strategy of attacking far away from Tomochika, but also crack it. Chairman Mao Zedong, the first leader of New China, has long formulated the cracking rule, that is, "If people don't attack me, I won't attack; When people commit crimes against me, I commit crimes. "On the other hand, the Korean War, the Sino-Soviet Treasure Island War, and the self-defense counterattack against Vietnam can also be described as classic examples of how to crack the strategy of attacking far and defending near.
China doesn't swing an iron fist for a long time, but he must be as strong as the wind. Whether you are a distant friend or a "trouble" close at hand, China people will never give in to things that cause the lack of rivers and mountains and incomplete sovereignty, whether they are neighbors or clowns. In the final analysis, they are secretly complacent in stealing chickens and touching dogs, and they don't give up "closing the door and beating dogs" when China is "very poor and weak", such as "War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression"
You know, China, which pursues peace and harmonious development, is moving towards prosperity step by step. Tell people who play with fire, don't forget the sentence "shake the tree"!
◆ Cohen's progressive layer
Herb Cohen is a famous American negotiator. In the past decades, he has participated in thousands of negotiations, from annexing domestic enterprises to negotiating with international terrorists, from negotiating on behalf of government agencies to contacting shopkeepers. It can be said that he has experienced any scene that people can imagine.
In the book Life and Negotiation, he described his negotiation experience with the owner of an electrical appliance store. This is a lively and interesting negotiation. Herb Cohen used his rich negotiation experience and fickle and sensitive thinking to reach a fair deal in a very short time (45 minutes).
Herb Cohen drove to an electrical appliance store in the city and bought a RCAvHC Celada-Wei Sen video recorder and a 2 1 inch "XY" remote control TV, but he knew nothing about the market situation of the goods he wanted to buy. How can we not only buy satisfactory goods, but also avoid being made more money by the store? Cohen decided to quietly observe and understand first, and then improvise.
Seeing that he was the only guest in the empty shop, he pretended to be chatting leisurely with his boss: starting with the opening of a commercial center near the shop, talking about the increase and decrease of passenger flow and the importance of a reputable shop to nearby residents; The shopkeeper also talked about his current situation. He doesn't like people to buy things with credit cards. ...
During the chat, Herb Cohen pretended to casually ask the shopkeeper about the performance of the video recorder. The shopkeeper introduced him to the use method and casually said, "Before the business center opened, a manager bought two or three sets for their business at a time, but no one has come to buy them recently."
Cohen immediately asked, "If they buy more than two, will you get the same discount as big stores?"
"Of course, if you buy more, you will sell it cheaply."
At this time, Cohen expressed interest in the video recorder and asked his boss to recommend one to him.
The boss enthusiastically recommended to him: "RCA is your best choice, and I have one myself."
Cohen saw the demonstration given to him by the shopkeeper and said sincerely, "I trust you, just as I believe this is the best model recommended by you, so I also believe that your price is fair."
I'm not going to bargain with you. How much do you want? Give me a reasonable price and I'll pay you in cash right away. "
"Thank you." The shopkeeper said happily.
"I believe in your honesty." Cohen said casually, "I thought I knew you. I would never make a counter-offer for your figure, although I think it might be better to go to another store."
The shopkeeper then wrote a number, but Cohen didn't see it.
"I hope you get a reasonable profit, but I also hope to get a reasonable price." Cohen continued.
"Also, if I buy this XY TV with remote control, will there be a discount on the total price?"
"You mean a package deal?"
"By the way, I think that's what you just said."
"Wait a minute," he whispered. "Let me add up these figures."
When he finally offered Cohen the total price, Cohen added, "One more thing. I'd like to mention that I hope the price I pay you is fair and a deal that is beneficial to both sides. If so, three months later, our company will buy such a set, and we can decide now. "
"Of course." The boss said, "Let me go into the house for a while, and I'll be right back." He went to the account book and wrote down a number.
Seeing this, Cohen further boldly said, "I was thinking about what I said a few minutes ago. I have an idea about your cash flow. I didn't expect it at first. I intend to keep an account. Now I'll pay you cash. Do you think this is more convenient? "
"Yes," said the boss, "it helps me a lot, especially at present." As he spoke, he wrote another number.
"Can you help me install it? You know I don't live in the city. " Cohen further requested.
"Ok, I'll pack it for you." The boss readily agreed.
"Well, give me the price you wrote, and I'll pay you in cash right away."
Finally, they made a deal at a reasonable price. The shopkeeper not only helped Cohen install the machine, but also gave him a video stand.
Two months later, Cohen fulfilled his promise: he bought a second video recorder for his company.
After that, Cohen became friends with the shopkeeper and established a close relationship of trust.
In this negotiation, although Cohen was unprepared in advance, he was able to grasp the subtle information in the conversation, follow the trail, understand each other's ideas, use his own point of view, persuade the shopkeeper to give up short-term profits with emotion and long-term interests, which implied the use of the tactics of "making friends far away and attacking near".
◆ Nestle Empire solves the crisis.
Nestle is the largest multinational food company in the world, which has been developing vigorously for more than 20 years. The food it produces, especially instant coffee, is deeply loved by people nowadays and swept the world. This is one of its fist products. However, it is such a world-renowned Nestle empire that almost lost its reputation in the 1970s.
In the late 1970s and early 1980s, there was a public opinion in the world that the competitive marketing of Nestle food led to the decrease of breastfeeding rate in developing countries and the increase of infant mortality. At that time, the decision-making level of Nestle refused to consider public opinion, and continued to go its own way, and competitors fanned the flames. In 1980s, there was a worldwide boycott of Nestle milk powder, chocolate and other foods. Nestle products have almost no foothold in European and American markets, which has brought a serious crisis to Nestle. In the face of cruel facts, Nestle's decision-makers had to hire Pagan, a world-famous public relations expert, to discuss countermeasures and help Nestle tide over this difficulty.
Pagan immediately began to investigate and analyze after receiving this great trust. As a result, he found that the fundamental reason for boycotting Nestle food was that Nestle claimed to be a big enterprise and an old brand and refused to accept public opinions. In addition, because of Nestle's promotional activities, it is confidential to the public. This makes the information exchange between Nestle and the public impossible. All this is a taboo of public relations, so it is no wonder that misunderstandings and rumors are repeatedly banned.
According to the results of investigation and analysis, Pagan made a detailed and thorough public-private relationship plan and reported it to Nestle. Pagan's plan focused on resisting the strongest United States, listened to criticism from all walks of life with an open mind, carried out large-scale lobbying activities, organized authoritative hearing committees, and examined Nestle's sales behavior, which gradually changed public opinion. On the basis of the initial victory of the "recent offensive", Pagan suggested that Mao Qi, who took over as general manager of Nestle, explore the developing market and regard it as the best market for Nestle products. In the process of opening up the market, Nestle has learned from the past. It does not simply regard the developing countries in the third world as the market of Nestle products, but starts with the establishment of mutually beneficial partnerships.
Nestle spends 6 billion Swiss francs a year to buy raw materials from developing countries, and allocates 80 million Swiss francs a year to help these countries improve the quality of agricultural products.
At the same time, 100 experts were employed to hold various vocational training courses in third world countries. For example, in Punjab, India, Nestle entered Moga District and established a dairy factory. Because the dairy cows raised by families there are not only malnourished, but also many of them are infected with diseases. Most farmers can only produce enough milk for their own needs, and there is no extra milk to sell. Therefore, Nestle established free veterinary services, provided medicines to farmers at wholesale prices, and provided low-interest loans to support the excavation of new wells and increase water supply. In this way, more forage was planted, and the survival rate of calves increased from 40% to 75%. At the beginning of this program, there were only 4,460 direct milk suppliers. After the implementation of the plan, the number of milk suppliers exceeds 35,000, and they can sell milk117,000 tons to Nestle every year. Livestock diseases have basically disappeared. The prosperity brought by the development of this dairy factory contributes to the development of electricity, telecommunications, agricultural machinery and transportation. The past was deserted, but now it is thriving.
Such a series of activities made Nestle establish a good image in developing China, thus increasing its sales. And achieved the victory of "outbreeding".
By 1984, Nestle's annual turnover reached 3 1 1 100 million Swiss francs, ranking first in the world food industry.
◆ Never satisfied
Pierre Cardin, a famous French fashion designer, is over 70 years old. He started from scratch. Over the past 40 years, he has made brilliant achievements. He owns 65,438+07 enterprises in France, a large number of gorgeous houses next to the presidential palace in Paris, and a large number of properties in Venice, Manhattan and Tokyo. 540 factories in 1 10 countries work for it directly or indirectly, and more than 2 million people are affected by it.
What is the secret of Pierre Cardin's success?
Speaking of it, Pierre Cardin's business strategy is not complicated. He knows that it is impossible for a person to dominate the clothing market by his own energy, because his energy is limited after all. So he was only responsible for providing product design sketches or clothing samples, and then subcontracted the new design to domestic and foreign partners, established the "Kadan Kingdom" for producing Pierre Cardin clothing all over the world, and started Pierre Cardin's career with everyone's help. He only played the role of a pioneer himself. Of course, Pierre Cardin is very protective of the image of its products. Each subcontractor must submit the final product to him for approval before selling the clothes produced according to his design.
Pierre Cardin has another outstanding feature: his courage. He not only focuses on fashion design, but also always cares about the changes in the world situation. As far as developing Pierre Cardin's clothing market is concerned, he can always enter the market ahead of other competitors.
1957, before Japan completely stood up from the ruins of the Pacific War, Pierre Cardin took the lead in setting up Pierre Cardin Company in Japan despite the ridicule of his French counterparts. By 199 1, his business income in Japan was as high as $250 million.
1976, at that time, China was still an era of surging social and political situation, and Pierre Cardin once again set foot on the land of China despite the snickering of his peers. For decades, he opened Maxim Hotel in Beijing and exhibited a series of clothes, which improved his popularity. At that time, Pierre Cardin's name resounded inside and outside the Great Wall. He also used the money earned from China to buy silk and other fabrics and shipped them back to France, producing a batch of clothes with strong oriental sentiment.
1977, Pierre Cardin established diplomatic relations with Russia. 1983, he became interested in India. 199 1 year, he sent his men to Vietnam to negotiate contracts.
Pierre Cardin has achieved great success all over the world. In the process of visiting countries to talk about business, the unique customs and national architecture of each country gave the design master new inspiration and improved his clothing art day by day.
Pierre Cardin's global strategic vision is not only manifested in his bold exploration of various countries' clothing markets, but also in the diversification of his business varieties. His industry has already surpassed fabrics and fashion, and has been involved in various fields, such as furniture, jewelry, cars, shoes and hats, bed sheets, alarm clocks, suitcases, and even airplanes and alcohol.
Pierre Cardin is one of the richest people in France 10. There are several colorful modernist paintings hanging on the wall of his house. Except for a sofa, the hall is full of geometric furniture designed by himself. He also likes to constantly change the decoration of the room, looking for novelty and perfection. In the words of Pierre Cardin, "Fashion means making and creating. I have my own style. I never imitate others. I write in my own style. Let others recognize it without looking at the name. "
Pierre Cardin devoted himself to fashion design all his life, adding beauty to people's lives and blowing a whirlwind of Pierre Cardin all over the world.
Pierre Cardin's clothing design is a kind of beauty, and his business strategy is also a kind of beauty, a magnificent beauty, and a beauty that conquers the world.
Pierre Cardin used his clothing products to "make friends" all over the world, and brought representative products from all over the world back to France to "attack" his compatriots. Let them enjoy shopping.