1.(1916—1978), formerly known as Liu Yunhua, was born in wubu county, Shaanxi Province. Engaged in revolutionary activities in his early years, 1928 joined China * * * Youth League, 1936 joined China * * * Production Party, and 1938 went to Yan 'an. 1943 worked as a clerk in a township government in Zhi Min county for 3 years. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, he was the editor-in-chief of Dalian Dazhong Bookstore. In the late period of the liberation war, he returned to northern Shaanxi to live in depth. In the early days of liberation, he served as the editorial board and editor-in-chief of China Youth Daily Supplement. 1952 Deputy Secretary of Chang 'an County, Shaanxi Province, settled in Huangfu Village, Chang 'an County 14 years. During the Cultural Revolution, he was brutally persecuted by the Gang of Four and forced to stop working. 1978 June 13 died of illness. Liu Qing was a member of the Fourth and Fifth China People's Political Consultative Conference, the All-China Federation of Literary and Art Circles, the director of the Chinese Writers Association and the vice chairman of the Xi Branch of the Writers Association. Liu Qing is a famous contemporary novelist. He has been deeply involved in life and has lived among farmers for decades, with rich life accumulation. Most of his novels are based on rural life, with a strong flavor of life, which truly reflects the real life and spiritual outlook of farmers in major historical periods in recent decades. His masterpiece is the first part of the history of entrepreneurship. Because the Gang of Four deprived him of the most precious creative time of 10 years, all the creative plans of the history of entrepreneurship could not be completed as scheduled, which is a great regret in the history of contemporary literature. His main works are: short story collection Landmines (Guanghua Bookstore, 1st edition, February 1947) and novella Bite with a spade (Yanhe, April 1958). The novel The Story of Planting a Valley (Shandong Xinhua Bookstore, first edition in March, 1950), Iron Wall (People's Literature Publishing House, first edition in September, 195 1), and The First History of Entrepreneurship (China Youth Publishing House, first edition,/kl).

Introduction of works

/kloc-in the winter of 0/929, bow wow, who was famous in the history of famine in Shaanxi Province and was 18 years old in the Republic of China, fled to Xiabao Village in Weinan with his widowed mother and was taken in by Liang San, a villager. So Liang San got married and had children, and bow wow changed his name to Liang Shengbao. Liang San led the whole family to work hard and tried to start a family business, but this year was not smooth and ended in failure again and again. After the land reform, Liang San got land. He was ecstatic, regained his entrepreneurial ambition and wanted to go to road to riches. The adopted son Shengbao grew up, and he became a glorious party member. He is determined to run a mutual aid group and plan a collective enterprise. As a result, there are always contradictions and conflicts between the two generations. The story begins with the spring of 1953. Early in the morning, Liang Shengbao left for Guo County to buy rice seeds, so that the mutual aid group could win more food for the plan of double cropping of rice and wheat. Liang San was very dissatisfied with his son's behavior, but he couldn't dissuade him, so he had to get angry with Shengbaoniang. On this day, Guo Shigong, a well-to-do middle peasant in the village, is putting a beam on the new house. Liang Sanhe and the villagers went to see it and were envious. He thinks that such a wealthy family is an example for serious cultivators. Guo Zhenshan, director of villagers' representatives, and Yao Shijie, a rich farmer, used to be enemies, but now they are both guests of Guo Shifu. Liang San is not happy to see this. At this time, it was the spring drought, and the district called for "active lending". Guo Zhenshan held a villagers' congress to mobilize large households to lend surplus grain to needy households by virtue of his prestige in the village. Unexpectedly, Guo Shifu and others refused to spit, and Guo Zhenshan was very embarrassed. The needy households are also very disappointed. After the land reform, Guo Zhenshan fell into personal wealth, was indifferent to the interests of the masses and collective undertakings, and his prestige among the villagers dropped greatly. Liang Shengbao scrimped and saved all the way. After buying rice seeds from Guo County and distributing them to everyone, his own was not enough, which made Liang San very dissatisfied. There is a very handsome woman in the village named Gaixia. She is studying in Grade Three. During the land reform, she and Shengbao met once, studied together and had a good impression on each other. Guo Zhenshan often advised Gaixia to work as a factory worker. To this end, Gaixia is very contradictory and wants to find a chance to talk to Shengbao. Sheng Bao is also interested in Gaixia, but he has no chance to get close. After the failure of "active lending", the poor households in the village pinned their hopes on Shengbao, because Shengbao's mutual aid group had to go to the mountains to cut bamboo to earn money, which was undoubtedly a feasible way to save themselves in production. They proposed to expand the support group and cooperate with Shengbao. Out of party member's sense of responsibility, Shengbao agreed, re-formulated the mountain plan, and asked Gao Zengfu to organize people to transport brooms. Before entering the mountain, Shengbao took out the advance payment of the contract with the supply and marketing cooperative and distributed it to the people as the cost of settling down. At that time, everyone was excited and felt the superiority of the organization. The old man Liang San was very unhappy when he saw that his son was still young and had caused such a big thing. He asked Lu Zhishen to speak his mind, and Lu Zhishen carefully did some ideological work for him, which made the old man feel more practical. Some changes have taken place in the village since Shengbao entered the mountain. First of all, Guo Shifu bought twice as much rice seeds from Guo County as Shengbao. He deliberately let people knock gongs and shouted, "Well, if you like to divide yellow rice seeds for a hundred days, divide them!" Unlimited support groups don't support groups ... "He wants to compare with Liang Shengbao and establish prestige in everyone's hearts. Yao Shijie, the wife of a rich farmer, is pregnant for one month. He hired his daughter-in-law, Su Fang, to have a new moon at home, to seduce her, and then persuaded her to seduce Shengbao and destroy Shengbao's reputation. The joy of the mutual aid group stayed to look after the crops in the field, and the superior sent Korean technicians to guide the close planting of rice. The two patiently publicized and promoted scientific seedling raising to the masses and gradually persuaded the villagers who adhered to the old system. After Shengbao took the people into the mountain, he first tied the hut and settled down, and then made a specific division of labor plan. The work went smoothly, except that the bolt accidentally cut his foot. Shengbao took care of him wholeheartedly and offered to work for him. His fair and capable personality won everyone's support. After learning that Shuan Shuan was injured, his father, Wang Erzhi, went to Shengbao's home to make a scene, and announced that he would resolutely quit the league to farm in partnership with Yao Shijie, a rich farmer. The Liang Da family then retired. This made Shengbao and his party face a severe test as soon as they came back from the mountains. When Shuan Shuan and Liang Da retired, Ren Laosi and others began to waver, leaving only Shengbao, Wan Wan and Huanxi among the eight households. Shengbao did ideological work unswervingly, patiently and meticulously, and finally stabilized the wavering masses. At the same time, he absorbed two new team members. After this adjustment, the strength of the mutual aid group has been greatly enhanced. After some efforts, in autumn, the close-planted rice of Shengbao Mutual Aid Group had a bumper harvest, and the output was twice as high as that of a single household. This success makes the importance of the general route a living fact in Toad Beach. They automatically sold 50 stones of surplus grain to the state, accounting for1.2000 Jin. This has greatly promoted the unified purchase and marketing of toad beach. Guo Shifu has been the loser in this peaceful competition, and the breath of spring has now completely subsided. He is ill. Although he can get off the kang, he can't go out. Yao Shijie, on the other hand, openly and stubbornly resisted the policy of unified purchase and marketing. Finally, I was beaten by the masses and had to bow my head. After the party's education, Guo Zhenshan's thought of quitting despite difficulties spontaneously changed, and he rushed about for collective affairs again, showing the extraordinary courage and organizational ability of a cultivator. He actively and enthusiastically organized a huge grain transportation team and sold surplus grain with joy. At this time, Liang Shengbao, Wan You and Huanxi went to the county mutual assistance and cooperation training class early. After this training, they returned to the village and established the Lighthouse Agricultural Cooperative under the leadership of the Party branch. Liang Shengbao was elected president. Liang San realized the superiority of mutual assistance and cooperation in the face of facts. He began to understand his son's career and was determined to fully support his work. The old man who once aspired to be a "three-headed tile-roofed house elder" has now become the father of a respected director of the Lighthouse Farmers' Association. He finally assumed the posture of a master of life in the new cotton-padded jacket and trousers sewn by Shengbao's mother. As for the love between Shengbao and Gaixia, there is no happy ending in the end. Shengbao was so absorbed in running a support group that he had no time to think about his marriage. The lack of communication between him and Gaixia led to misunderstanding of her factory inspection. On the summer side, she carefully considered Shengbao and her own personality, and felt that the two strong temperaments were a little reluctant to screw together. Moreover; As far as your temperament is concerned, you may not be a reassuring peasant daughter-in-law-cooking every day and taking your baby to suffer for life. Reason triumphed over emotion, and she finally left Xiabao Village with a little melancholy to participate in the industrial construction of the motherland and become a worker.

works appreciation

The History of Entrepreneurship (I) is an excellent novel, which occupies an important position in the history of contemporary literature in China. (A) reflects the profound and extensive ideological content. This novel mainly describes the establishment, consolidation and development of a rural mutual aid group in Guanzhong area. There are no twists and turns, and there are no thrilling scenes. They are just some ordinary "life stories", but they show the ideological and psychological changes of various figures in the cooperative movement and all kinds of complicated contradictions and struggles, reflect the history of the socialist revolution in rural areas of China, and reveal the major theme that only socialism is the only way out for farmers in China, thus expressing the author's thinking about life and deep concern for the fate of farmers. (2) Created many vivid characters. Among them, Liang Shengbao, the protagonist, is the image of a new generation of socialist farmers who use the most ink and have the greatest enthusiasm. As a * * * party member, he puts the party's cause first, is willing to endure hardships, saves every penny, and unites all those who can unite to start the great cause of socialism; As a grass-roots cadre, he has the valuable quality of being fair and competent, and the spirit of self-sacrifice for the collective cause; As the son of a farmer, he is hardworking, simple, honest, kind and even a little sentimental. These different characters show the rich inner world of the characters, which makes "the traditional virtues of cultivators and the unique temperament of party member * * * harmonious and unified". Liang San is the most wonderful image in the novel. This is the older generation of farmers, kind, hardworking, stubborn and conservative. He sincerely thanks the * * * production party that brings land and entrepreneurial hope, but he doesn't understand and can't accept new socialist things, and his thoughts and personality are full of contradictions. Finally, in the face of the facts, he was convinced and happily embarked on the socialist road of mutual assistance and cooperation. This image vividly shows the difficult course of the peasants' thoughts and hearts gradually changing when they bid farewell to feudal private ownership, in which the collaborators fully understand and love the peasants. The image of "three capable people" on toad beach is also very distinct. Although these three people are all called "capable people" because they are smart and capable, their characteristics are different because of their different identities and personalities: Guo Zhenshan is obedient and pretentious; Guo Shifu is a good traitor, greedy and cunning; Yao Shijie is insidious and cunning. Other characters, such as Gao Zengfu, Feng, Ren Laosi, Ren Huanxi, Wang Ergui, Liang Laohan, Gao Zengrong, Gaixia, Su Fang and Sheng, all have distinct personalities. Numerous characters almost covered all the typical stages and strata of rural society at that time, forming a contradictory and unified image world. Show a broad picture of social life. (three) mature in art, forming a unique style. First of all, the book is well-structured and original. At the beginning, "narration" provides the source of life, and at the end, "ending" points out the direction of life, and connects with the next one, trying to make this novel have a heavy sense of history and produce an epic effect. Secondly, in form, the author often breaks the limitation of time and space and skillfully inserts historical memories of characters or summaries and comprehensive narratives of events and processes. Increase the living capacity of the space. In artistic description, the author not only has the advantages of meticulous detail description and psychological description, but also is good at overlooking the open and heroic victory. The language is vivid, beautiful and smooth, full of Guanzhong local flavor, which makes the novel very infectious. Admittedly, this novel also has obvious shortcomings, such as the slow development of the plot and improper grasp of some characters. Especially when the novel was reprinted in 1977, the author made several "important revisions" to meet the temporary political needs, which caused serious mistakes. In the early 1960s, Yan Jiayan questioned the authenticity and typicality of Liang Shengbao's image. After the article was published, the author discussed it with the academic circles. Since the reform and opening up, with the renewal of ideas and reflection on history, some people think that although the history of entrepreneurship reflects a certain historical truth, it has also been disturbed by the "Left" trend of thought. We should re-understand the contents reflected in the book from a new historical height and re-examine a series of images such as Liang Shengbao in the book that have caused new controversy.

2.1Born in August, 952, Han nationality, Laiwu, Shandong. 1974 10 joined the China * * * production party and graduated from Harbin Institute of Technology with a master's degree in engineering. 1968 10 to work. He is currently the director of the Construction Department of Jilin Province. Successive: teacher of children's school of Jiangbei Machinery Factory in Jilin City; Staff of the Provincial Defense Industry Office; Staff of Social Affairs Department and Fixed Assets Investment Department of Provincial Planning Commission; Deputy Director and Director of the Fixed Assets Investment Department of the Provincial Planning Commission; General Manager of Jilin Yin Bei Investment Company; Deputy Director and Director of Provincial Engineering Consulting Service Center; Deputy director of the provincial construction department and member of the party group.