Edit this paragraph 1, Plants

mangrove

Mangrove is a rare woody viviparous plant. The so-called mangrove is composed of mangrove plants, including herbs and liana mangroves. It grows in the shoal at the junction of land and sea, and is a special ecosystem for the transition from land to sea. Investigation shows that mangroves are one of the most diverse ecosystems in the world and are rich in biological resources. For example, there are macrobenthos11species, birds 104 species and insects 133 species in the mangrove area of Shankou, Guangxi. There are altogether 59 species and varieties of algae/kloc-0 in mangrove areas in Guangxi, among which 4 species are new records in China. This is because mangroves transform through the food chain in the form of litter, which provides a good environment for the growth and development of marine animals. At the same time, due to the development of tidal gullies in mangrove areas, animals in deep water areas are attracted to the mangrove areas for foraging, habitat, production and reproduction. Mangroves grow in subtropical and temperate zones and are rich in bird food resources. Therefore, mangrove area is the wintering ground and migration transit point for migratory birds, and it is also the place where all kinds of seabirds feed, inhabit, produce and breed.

Another important ecological benefit of mangrove is its functions of preventing wind and waves, promoting siltation and protecting beaches, strengthening dikes and protecting dikes, and purifying seawater and air. The intertwined developed roots can effectively intercept the incoming sand from the land and reduce the sediment concentration in the coastal waters; Thick and tall branches are like a green Great Wall, which can effectively resist the attack of wind and waves. On August 23rd, 1958, Xiamen, Fujian Province was hit by a strong typhoon which was rare in history. 12 typhoon landed on Xiamen coast from the front, and the resulting powerful and fierce storm surge almost swallowed up the whole coastal area, causing great losses to people's lives and property. However, on the beach in Jiaowei Township, Longhai County, not far from Xiamen, because of the tall and dense mangroves, there are no lambs on the banks in this area, which is very safe and the loss of farmland and cottages is very small. During the period of 1986, a severe storm surge occurred along the coast of Guangxi, and the 398-kilometer seawall in Hepu County was destroyed by waves for 294 kilometers. Where there are mangroves outside the seawall, the seawall is not easy to be washed away and the economic loss is small. Many people think that mangroves are their "protectors" from their immediate interests. 1982, Guo Chunyang, an overseas Chinese, specially brought back three mangrove saplings, including Kandelia candel, from Nanyang for breeding and planting. Mangroves also have high economic value in industry and medicine.

Ecological adaptability of mangroves

Viviparous phenomenon-The most wonderful feature of mangroves is the so-called viviparous phenomenon. The seeds of many plants in mangroves have begun to germinate in fruits and grow into rod-shaped hypocotyls before leaving their mothers. When the hypocotyl develops to a certain extent, it leaves the mother tree and falls into the mud on the beach. After a few hours, it can take root in the soil and grow into a new plant. Hypocotyl that fails to take root in the mud in time can drift on the sea for months with the current and take root and sprout on the coast thousands of miles away.

The most striking feature of special root system-mangrove is dense and developed columnar roots. Many column roots grow from the base of the trunk and firmly plunge into the mud to form a stable scaffold, which makes the mangrove stand firm under the impact of the waves. The pillar roots of mangroves not only support the plants themselves, but also protect the coast from wind and waves, so mangroves are also called "coast guards".

Mangroves are often flooded by tides, and the air is very scarce. Therefore, the respiratory roots of many mangrove plants have thick lenticels outside and spongy ventilation tissue inside, which meets the air demand of mangrove plants. At low tide, all kinds of column roots and breathing roots are exposed to the ground, crisscrossing, making it difficult for people to pass.

Salt secretion phenomenon-tropical beaches have strong sunshine and rich soil salt. Mangrove plants are mostly halophytes and adapt to physiological drought. Plants have secretory glands, which can discharge excess salt, and the leaves are bright skin, which is beneficial to reflect sunlight and reduce water evaporation.

There are 37 species of mangroves in China, belonging to 20 families and 25 genera (another data is 16 families, 20 genera and 3 1 species). Mainly distributed in Guangxi, Guangdong, Hainan, Taiwan Province, Fujian and the southern coast of Zhejiang. Among them, Guangxi Autonomous Region has the richest mangrove resources, and its mangrove area accounts for more than one third of the national mangrove area. No matter in terms of species or distribution, mangroves in China are representative on the west coast of the Pacific Ocean.

Mangroves are protected species in China. Since 10, 15 national (3), provincial (4) and county-level (8) mangrove reserves have been established successively, and corresponding protection laws and regulations have been formulated. However, mangroves protected by 10 national and local laws and regulations have not been spared. In recent 40 years, especially in 10, the mangrove area has been reduced from 4.2 hectares 40 years ago to14,600 hectares, which is less than one thousandth of the world mangrove area17 million hectares. Especially today, with the promulgation and implementation of the Marine Environmental Protection Law and the Interim Provisions on the Use and Management of National Sea Areas for many years, mangroves are still being cut down in large areas, including several national mangrove nature reserves, especially in Guangxi Autonomous Region. There are 22,387 hectares of mangroves in the whole region, and only 5,654 hectares are left in 1993. According to incomplete statistics, in recent years, the mangroves cut down in Guangxi and included in the land reclamation plan (approved) will reach nearly 1000 hectares.

In Longhai Mangrove Reserve, Fujian Province, which has been listed in the List of Wetlands in China and is one of the national key protected wetlands, the Longhai Municipal Government carried out a reclamation project at a cost of 25 million yuan in 1998 without the approval of the competent department of the reserve. The reclamation area of 460 hectares (6900 mu) will be used for aquaculture, which will endanger the survival of more than 33 hectares (490 mu) of mangroves.

In the western waters of Xiamen, there were mangroves in Du Dong and other waters in the 1980s. With the continuous expansion of reclamation in recent years, mangroves have disappeared.

Shenzhen Futian National Mangrove Bird Nature Reserve. Since 1988, eight urban construction projects in Shenzhen have occupied 147 hectares (2,200 mu) within the red line of Futian Mangrove Bird Reserve, accounting for 48.8% of the original total protected area. * * * Destroyed 35 hectares (526 mu) of dense mangroves, accounting for 3 1.6% of the original mangrove area.

Mangrove Bird Nature Reserve is located at the mouth of Shenzhen River on the northeast coast of Shenzhen Bay, covering an area of 368 hectares. It is the only nature reserve in China, and it is also called "Pocket Nature Reserve" by foreign ecological experts. Every year, there are 189 species of egrets, black-billed gulls and little green-footed snipes, and 65438+ 10,000 migratory birds move south to rest or spend the winter here. In addition to the mangrove community, there are 55 other plants in the reserve, with different forms. It is a green corridor in Shenzhen, backed by the beautiful and broad Binhai Avenue, integrated with the Binhai Ecological Park and facing the rippling Shenzhen Bay. It is not only a paradise for birds to inhabit and play, but also a kingdom of plants. It is also a good place for people to walk, watch birds, watch the sea and experience natural customs.

1984, Shenzhen Futian Mangrove Reserve was formally established with a total area of 304 hectares. There is only one old road leading to it. Local fishermen use the inherited fish ponds to raise fish, and then there are large areas of natural mangroves, orchards and other natural forests. During the period of 1986, Prince Philip, the president of the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) and the husband of the Queen of England, specially went south to Shenzhen and boarded the bird-watching pavilion in the mangrove forest to enjoy the wetland scenery in Shenzhen Bay. Henrik, the chairman of the Danish Wildlife Fund and the husband of the Queen of Denmark, came here to watch birds with great interest in 1989, and called mangroves "green pearls".

The mangroves in Shenzhen are well known. Now, tourists from home and abroad who come to Shenzhen will go to the seaside ecological park to see the spectacular sight of mangrove forests and tens of thousands of waterfowl wintering here. Mangroves and Mai Po Nature Reserve in Hong Kong are separated by water, and * * * has become an international wetland ecosystem in Shenzhen Bay and the most distinctive landscape on the Shenzhen-Hong Kong border.

Mangroves in Zhuhai: They are mainly distributed on the river banks near the exits of Qi 'ao Island, Qinheng Island, Hongqi Xidi, Modaomen and Jitemen Waterways. Among them, the mangrove reserve in Qi 'ao Island, located in Dawei Bay, northwest of Qi 'ao Island, has the largest area and is the most complete and concentrated stand in the city at present, with a tree height of 4-6 meters. It is not only a rare resource in Zhuhai, but also a rare mangrove wetland in the Pearl River Delta, and it is one of the few mangrove areas near big cities in China.

On the coastline of Puqian Town, Wenchang City, Hainan Province, about 6 kilometers long, more than 67 hectares (1 000 mu) of mangrove areas have been completely dug up and reclaimed, and nearly half of the mangroves have been seriously damaged. Dongzhaigang National Mangrove Nature Reserve is the largest mangrove nature reserve in China at present, with a total area of more than 3,300 hectares (more than 50,000 mu) and a forest area of more than 2,000 hectares (more than 30,000 mu). It has been listed in the World Wetland List. However, since 1993, people have been entering the reserve to cut down mangroves and dig ponds for breeding, and large mangroves have become barren cement ponds.

Guangdong Zhanjiang Mangrove Nature Reserve: located in Zhanjiang City, Guangdong Province, with an area of 1.90 million hectares,/kloc-0 was established with the approval of Guangdong Provincial People's Government in 1990, and 1.997 was promoted to a national nature reserve, with the main protection object being mangrove ecosystem. This area is located in Leizhou Peninsula, influenced by tropical maritime climate, and there are a large area of mangrove vegetation on the coastal beach, including mangrove plants 12 family, 16 genus and 17 species, which is the area with the largest number of mangrove plants in China except Hainan Island. In addition, there are many waterfowl and other wetland animals such as cranes, storks and herons in the nature reserve. According to preliminary statistics, there are 82 species of birds, including 38 resident birds and 44 migratory birds. Zhanjiang Mangrove Reserve, as the largest existing mangrove nature reserve in China, plays an increasingly important role in controlling coastal erosion, conserving water and soil, and protecting biodiversity.

Mangroves in China have suffered such serious damage due to reclamation and logging, and they are still being destroyed. Except for a few incidents of destroying mangroves due to lax management, which were destroyed by people's reclamation and aquaculture activities, a large number of them were acts of local governments. This can not be simply explained by poor environmental awareness, insufficient understanding of the importance of mangrove ecosystem, or weak legal concept. But there are deeper reasons-quick success and instant benefit, driven by economic interests. Therefore, only by improving the legal status of the Interim Provisions on the Use and Management of National Sea Areas, so that our blue land and ocean have the same legal status as land land, can we effectively control the "impossible, free and disorderly" development and utilization of tidal flat waters and protect tidal flat and marine resources and environment including mangroves more effectively.

At the intersection of Keelung River and Danshui River, along Guandu Plain to Zhu Wei and Danshui River Beach, a large dense forest grows intermittently, which is very eye-catching, and that is the famous "mangrove forest".

The so-called "mangrove forest" is named because the bark of this tree is rich in "tannic acid" and will turn red when exposed to the air.

Mangroves mostly grow in estuaries and coasts in tropical and subtropical areas, while Danshui Estuary is located at about 25℃ north latitude, which is also the northern limit of mangrove growth and the coldest area in the world.

Generally speaking, mangroves are composed of many different mangrove plants. The mangroves in Danshui Estuary are all composed of mangrove plant "Shuibizi", which is also the largest pure forest of Shuibizi in the world at present, so Shuibizi is listed as a "national treasure plant".

Pot basin is a very rare viviparous plant. Because the marshland where it grows has high salt content, the seeds can't germinate in the soil, so the writing brush has developed a special growth mode. It blooms in May and June, and the fruit matures gradually in August and September. Ripe fruits don't fall, but hang tightly on trees. The seeds in the fruit will grow downward like pen-shaped hypocotyls, which is called viviparous seedlings. In March and April, viviparous seedlings fall into the mudflat and grow directly into saplings, so this propagation method is called viviparous plants. Because of this special viviparous way, pen-and-ink painters can overcome many difficulties, breed a large dense forest, and also have the functions of moisture-proof, mud-retaining and maintenance!

Dense mangroves attract many resident and transit migratory birds to nest in the forest. About 150 species of birds appear every year, so bird watching can be carried out all year round. You can learn about the dynamics of bird watching activities through the bird watching hotline 784-0270. In addition, the footprints of crabs can be seen everywhere on the mud beach. If you are lucky, you can also see funny mudskippers!

Strengthen mangrove protection in China.

In recent years, our government has taken effective measures to protect mangrove resources called "undersea forest", especially in purifying heavy metals, pesticides, domestic and aquaculture sewage and preventing red tides.

Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region has the largest mangrove forest in China, but the mangrove area in Guangxi has decreased by 10% in the past10 years due to the destruction of forests by some fishermen along the coast to build shrimp ponds. A large number of mangroves have been cut down and destroyed, which has aroused great concern of our government. At present, China has established seven mangrove reserves above the provincial level, accounting for about half of the total mangrove area in China, and established the Guangxi Mangrove Research Center, which is the first relatively complete mangrove protection, scientific research and management system established in China.

There are mangroves in Baisha Village, Yanzhou Island, Keelung Town, Huidong County.

Edit paragraph 2. Social work project

Mangrove is the first national project in Chinese mainland to provide care and support services for HIV-infected people and patients. The moral of mangroves is that they can survive and grow in extremely difficult environments. Although there are many differences between them, they can unite to face the storm and provide shelter for the weak. The purpose of mangroves is to cooperate with the government and relevant organizations to serve the infected people, to improve their living conditions and quality of life, to advocate an active and healthy life, to stand on their own feet and to reduce social discrimination.

Provide relevant counseling services and psychological support for AIDS patients and patients through the mangrove support hotline; The infected people exchange information through mangrove www.chinamsg.org and reading materials such as hand in hand; Mangroves support local mutual aid groups and self-help projects, including providing related materials, technical support, personnel training and possible financial support; Through books, exhibitions, TV documentaries, media cooperation and other means to carry out social publicity and advocacy, strengthen understanding and communication, and reduce ignorance and discrimination.

Mangroves aim to provide continuous capacity building, training and support for local projects, and provide consultation and services as well as practical and multifaceted care and support for as many infected people and patients as possible.

3, film and television works editing this paragraph

The TV series Mangrove wrote a pearl story.

18 TV series "Mangrove" is being produced by the film and television department of China Procuratorate Daily. Screenwriter Mo Yan 65438+1September 1997 started writing and went deep into life several times.

Mangrove is a vivid, lyrical and realistic moving story, based on real cases and artistic imagination. Among them, Mo Yan's thoughts on pearls and his life and legends around pearls have been condensed for several years. The story takes place in a highly modernized town, a fishing village surrounded by a large area of mangroves. Most fishermen make a living by raising pearls. Around the rare pearl, prosecutor Ma Shu, female mayor Lin Lan, constantly chauffeured tiger, criminal investigation section chief Jin Dachuan and Pearl girl interweave into a fierce conflict of love and hate, good and evil, law and crime. Directed by AG and filmed by Zhang Bing.

Four combinations:

Ensure the combination of foundation and personality development; Combination of traditional education and modern education; School education is combined with family and social education; Combination of Chinese and Western Excellent Culture and Education

Five hearts:

Stretch the child's mind, (soul)-strengthen moral education and learn to be a man;

Enlighten children's minds, (brain)-develop intellectual ability, cultivate innovative spirit and learn to learn;

Improve children's psychology (mind)-follow the law of students' psychological development, attach importance to personality cultivation and learn to care;

Sharpen children's mind, (will)-cultivate students' will to work hard and physical quality, and learn to be healthy;

Give full play to children's feelings, (feelings)-give students reasons to enjoy learning and let them develop healthily, harmoniously and sustainably;

A pleasant college; Colorful paradise; Beautiful garden