The Paris Commune shows the basic principles of the dictatorship of the proletariat, namely-
-separation of powers, autonomy, people's supervision and freedom of thought.
The Paris Commune Revolution has tested Marxist thoughts on proletarian revolution and dictatorship, and accumulated extremely valuable historical experience. It is in the process of summing up the historical experience of the Paris Commune that Marx and Engels enriched and developed the theory of scientific socialism.
Although the Paris Commune lasted only 72 days, it provided extremely valuable experience and lessons for the proletarian revolutionary movement. This is the first great attempt of the proletariat to overthrow bourgeois rule and establish proletarian dictatorship. The heroic sons and daughters of the commune defend the fearless revolutionary spirit of the new regime with their lives and blood, and will always inspire the people to fight for freedom and liberation.
For the first time, 10 proletarian committees (administrative, military, financial, judicial, public security, labor exchange, food, education, social services, and external liaison) were established as new political organs. Implement universal suffrage, organize the broad masses of the people to manage society, implement various measures to benefit the people, and implement democratic elections for government personnel.
The specific measures are 1. Reform the dictatorship commune, remove the bourgeois standing army, ban the old police institutions, fundamentally reform the judicial organs, and implement the judge election system.
2. Abolishing the Bureaucratic Commune passed a resolution that all public officials need to be elected before they can be appointed, and issued a decree abolishing the high salary of state organs, stipulating that the maximum annual salary is 6,000 francs, which is equivalent to the salary level of a skilled worker, in order to prevent state organs from becoming public servants and masters of society.
3. Commune has carried out some socialist reforms in ownership, distribution, management and labor legislation.
4. The establishment of workers' cooperatives has changed the disparity of wages and incomes by transforming the workshops abandoned by fleeing owners into workers' cooperatives, implemented a labor remuneration system that maintains reasonable differences, and embarked on the experiment of workers directly participating in enterprise management.
5. The establishment of the labor security commune has also enacted many labor laws to protect the direct interests of workers, such as prohibiting the night shift system in bakeries, prohibiting arbitrary fines and deducting wages. In order to safeguard the people's vital interests, the commune has passed a number of decrees to reduce the burden on the people and solve the difficulties in life.
6. Debt relief. Among them, all debts are postponed to be repaid in batches within three years, without interest, and low-grade pawns with a pawn amount of less than 20 francs are returned free of charge, and the rent for three quarters is exempted.
7. Separation of Church and State promulgated the decree of separation of church and state, which turned all church property into public property and abolished religious education from schools; After the failure of the Paris Commune, the French Third Republic did not re-implement this law until 1880-8 1 and 1905, and established the principle of separation of church and state in France. The commune allows the church to continue to engage in religious activities, but only if the church is open to public political gatherings at night. Together with streets and coffee shops, churches have become another major political center shared by communes-the contextualism movement will not forget this expression in its architectural proposition.
8. Other planned education reform legislation includes education reform, which will make future education and technical training free for all.
Meaning: in a word, it is absurd to think that social functions cannot be exercised without centralized state; It is absurd to think that administration is a mysterious thing and an unattainable duty, which can only be entrusted to a well-trained special class, that is, national parasites, snobs with high salaries and idlers. The heritage of the commune is rich, and committees, non-governmental organizations, women's movements and the civil service system have had a far-reaching impact on future generations. It is a model of a highly democratic system, so that democratic socialism can not be compared with it so far. Even if there are some policy mistakes, it is undoubtedly amazing that the commune can achieve such achievements under the condition of being closely surrounded, as long as we think about its environment.
Therefore, I think that the Paris Commune Movement is the first great attempt of Marxism, that is, scientific socialism, which has important epoch-making significance in the history of Marxist development and modern world history.