This risk assessment is mainly divided into the following parts:
1. Personal risk assessment: including personal physical condition, age, sex, education, social status, job nature, income level, credit record, personal future development prospects, etc.
2. Family risk assessment: including the basic information of spouse and family members, family financial status (movable property, real estate, debt), family repayment ability, family future development, etc.
How to conduct risk assessment? Reprint the following information for your reference.
The main tasks of risk assessment include:
Identify various risks faced by the assessed object.
Evaluate the risk probability and possible negative impact.
Determine the risk tolerance of the organization.
Determine the priority of risk reduction and control.
Recommend countermeasures to reduce risks.
Common methods of risk assessment
First, risk factor analysis method
Risk factor analysis refers to a risk assessment method that evaluates and analyzes the factors that may lead to risks to determine the probability of risks. The general idea is: investigate the risk source → identify the risk transformation conditions → determine whether the transformation conditions are available → estimate the risk consequences → evaluate the risk.
Second, the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method
Third, internal control evaluation methods
The internal control evaluation method refers to the method to determine the audit risk by evaluating the internal control structure of the audited entity. Because the internal control structure is directly related to the control risk, this method is mainly used to evaluate the control risk. The research and evaluation of internal control of enterprises by certified public accountants can be divided into three steps:
Fourth, the analysis review method.
Analytical double-check method is that certified public accountants analyze the major ratios or trends of audited units, including investigating abnormal changes and the differences between these important ratios or trends and the estimated amount and related information, so as to speculate whether there is the possibility of important misstatement or omission in accounting statements. There are three commonly used methods: comparative analysis, ratio analysis and trend analysis.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) qualitative risk assessment method
Qualitative risk assessment method refers to those methods that can qualitatively evaluate audit risk through observation, investigation and analysis, and with the help of CPA's experience, professional level and judgment. It has the advantages of convenience and effectiveness, and is suitable for evaluating various audit risks. The main methods are: observation, investigation, logical analysis and similarity estimation.
Risk assessment method of risk rate of intransitive verbs
Risk rate risk assessment method is one of the quantitative risk analysis methods. The basic idea is to calculate the risk rate first, and then compare the risk rate with the risk safety index. If the risk rate is greater than the risk safety index, the system is at risk, and the greater the difference between the two data, the greater the risk.
The risk rate is equal to the risk frequency multiplied by the average risk loss. Risk loss includes intangible loss, which can be converted according to certain standards or calculated according to the amount. Risk safety index is a generally accepted minimum risk rate based on a large amount of experience accumulation and statistical operation, taking into account the scientific and technological level, socio-economic situation, legal factors and human psychological factors at that time. Risk rate risk assessment method can be used for risk management of accounting firms and certified public accountants.
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Risk assessment How to conduct risk assessment What risk assessment methods include risk identification (determining the quantity and types of risks), risk analysis (analyzing the probability and conditions of risk occurrence) and risk assessment (evaluating the impact and value of risks)?
Risk assessment should be carried out by the relevant functional departments and business units of the enterprise, and relevant professional intermediaries can also be hired to assist in the implementation.
Risk assessment should combine qualitative and quantitative methods. Quantitative methods include maximum possible loss method, probability value method, expected value method and VaR value method. When evaluating multiple risks, we can compare various risks by drawing risk coordinates.
Risk assessment is a cyclical process, which needs to be re-evaluated regularly or irregularly.
How to conduct biological risk assessment When laboratory activities involve pathogenic biological factors, the laboratory should conduct biological risk assessment. Risk assessment shall consider (but not limited to) the following contents:
A) Known or unknown characteristics of biological factors, such as species, source, infectivity, transmission route, susceptibility, incubation period, dose-effect (response) relationship, pathogenicity (including acute and long-term effects), variability, stability in environment, interaction with other organisms and environment, relevant experimental data, epidemiological data, prevention and treatment schemes, etc. ;
B) Analysis of accidents in the laboratory itself or related laboratories (if applicable);
C) Risks in routine and unconventional laboratory activities (not limited to biological factors), including the activities of all personnel who enter the workplace and those who may be involved (such as the contractor's personnel);
D) Risks related to facilities and equipment;
E) Risks associated with experimental animals, where applicable;
F) Personnel-related risks, such as physical condition, ability and stress that may affect work;
G) accidents and risks brought by accidents;
H) Risk of misuse and malicious use;
1) the scope, nature and duration of the risk;
J) Probability assessment of hazards;
K) Analyze possible dangers and consequences;
L) Determine acceptable risks;
M) Where applicable, management measures and technical measures to eliminate, reduce or control risks, and assessment of residual risks or new risks after taking measures;
N) Evaluate the adaptability of operating experience and the risk control measures taken (if applicable);
O) Evaluation of emergency measures and expected effects when applicable;
P) Input information provided for determining facilities and equipment requirements, identifying training needs and implementing operation control (if applicable);
Q) Assessment of information and resources (including external resources) required for risk reduction and hazard control (if applicable);
R) Comprehensive evaluation of risk, demand, resources, feasibility and applicability.
How to carry out project risk assessment In the process of informatization implementation, risks come not only from enterprises, but also from the implementers of information systems. In different stages of implementation, from the beginning to the end, the negative attitude of the implementer will directly lead to the failure of the project.
"Honest self-assessment, setting goals and making steady progress towards them are all continuous processes, which are the interest of management."
After the manager successfully solved the problem, he felt a sense of conquest. But in the management of enterprises, it seems that there are as many things that can offset this kind of interest as interests.
Anyone who has been exposed to information construction knows that the implementation of an information system can not be completed in a short time. The last ERP system was relatively complete, ranging from half a year to one or two years or even three or four years. Such a long implementation process is enough to stifle people's initial longing and enthusiasm for enterprise informatization. China has a saying that "everyone loves him". What it implies is that time can be the best means to measure the authenticity of things. Similarly, in the implementation of information systems, what is not a problem at first becomes a problem later, and it is possible that with the passage of time, the degree of bad will get bigger and bigger. Therefore, how to effectively manage the implementation process and reduce the implementation risk of enterprises has become an important link to ensure the success of information construction, which is also the theme we are discussing here.
First of all, we need to know what risks we may encounter in the implementation process. Generally speaking, we often say that risks fall into two categories, one is unpredictable and the other is predictable. Since it is an unpredictable risk, I'm afraid there is no way to start with the idea of prevention. When the risk comes, I can only respond directly to the question. Here, we mainly focus on those predictable risks. On the basis of understanding them, we will find ways to control and reduce them.
The project characteristics of informatization projects determine that the risks in the implementation process include comprehensive risks and phased risks.
The risks of informatization projects include comprehensive risks and phased risks.
The so-called comprehensive risk refers to several risks that run through the whole implementation process and even the whole information project process.
According to our research, it can be summarized as: the risk of insufficient project driving force.
Information asymmetry/fraud risk, financial risk and human resource risk
Business interruption risk
Next, we will briefly introduce the lack of knowledge and the risk of project driving force.
Lack of knowledge is the most common risk in IT projects, which will bring various consequences.
For IT construction, it is very important for project teams (including enterprises and implementers) and enterprises to know the key issues. There is a saying that the knowledge of a solution is much more important than the advanced nature of the solution itself. Why does * * * knowledge play such an important role in IT projects? When people in the industry get together to discuss information construction, they often say that information construction is risky, but the most difficult thing to predict and master is human factors, and there are always solutions to technical problems. Realizing * * * knowledge is actually to solve people's problems and reduce or reduce unnecessary resistance caused by people that may occur in the process of project implementation. Let's look at the risk of project drivers. In fact, the project driving force contains two meanings. One refers to the incentives for project start-up, such as business demand-driven or other reasons; Another implied meaning is the promotion of IT projects by top management. As we all know, information construction is the "number one project", and the support of leaders directly affects the success or failure of the project.
As the name implies, phased risk is a risk with strong phased color that occurs in all stages of information construction (such as selection stage, project start-up, demand research, etc.). ).
For example, in the start-up stage of a project, there may be risks of incomplete planning and confused thinking. For any project, it is very important to have clear project objectives and detailed project plans. A clear project goal determines the tone of the whole project, and a detailed project plan makes every activity easy to control and master. This is especially true for IT projects. As a new field of project management, IT project management is not mature enough, and it is extremely difficult to measure itself. In this case, IT is more important to determine the goals and plans of IT projects at the project start-up stage.
"The project failed not at the end, but at the beginning." People who have done projects will probably feel this sentence deeply. It is very necessary to do more work and be practical before the start of the project, or at the start-up stage of the project, and it is also an effective means to prevent some foreseeable risks in advance.
Before entering the project implementation, it is of course very important to have clear project objectives and implementation plan, but these measures alone are not enough. We advocate that in the start-up stage of the project, enterprises should evaluate the current situation, see how likely all kinds of risks are to occur once the information project is started, predict the possible difficulties and take preventive measures in advance.
Generally speaking, the risk assessment before the project starts can be considered from two aspects:
On the one hand, evaluate the possibility of successful informatization construction.
On the other hand, it is necessary to evaluate the difficulty of project implementation.
The risk factors that affect the success of the project include (we usually call them Class A indicators): the demand of enterprise strategy for informatization, the attitude of decision makers, the preparation of informatization projects and the present situation of enterprise informatization construction. The success of informatization projects may lie in the driving force of business.
How to conduct risk assessment and analysis? PPT:jingyan . Baidu ./article/67508 EB 4 f 80 BCB 9 a 1e 40 1。
How to conduct personnel risk assessment in GMP certification? Make a personnel risk assessment form. Personnel are divided into visitors, general employees, key employees and core employees.
Identify each possible risk, such as external pollution (hair, food), sharp tools, diseases (wounds), and give a risk coefficient (score) for each risk. For projects with high risk coefficient, corresponding control measures are put forward.
How to carry out preoperative risk assessment (quoted from Du, 20090 109) Risk assessment should start from the following three points: First, scientifically use game theory, reflexivity principle, cobweb decision theory and market value law to predict possible risks. Such as the risk of macroeconomic policy tightening, cyclical risk of economy, cyclical risk of product production, risk of new system and legislation, risk of changes in supply and demand, risk of market competition and poor sales, etc. Second, predict the probability, degree and scope of risk. All kinds of risks are only possible, not inevitable. It's possible. It's called risk probability. The degree of risk refers to how much impact a certain risk will have on the business once it occurs. The greater the negative impact, the higher the risk. If there are multiple implementation schemes, they should be evaluated and compared. Generally speaking, the scheme with high income is risky, and the scheme with low risk is less profitable. If the risk is small and the profit is large, it is naturally the best scheme, but there is no perfect scheme. Furthermore, we should also consider the time and duration of each risk factor affecting the business, whether it is the whole process or a certain stage, whether it is partial or comprehensive. In addition, try to spread the risks as much as possible, and don't put all your eggs in one basket. For example, partnership and joint-stock system can be implemented, so that other partners can also bear certain risks and responsibilities. Diversification, multi-industry investment and risk diversification. But this requires strong funds, which will lead to scattered forces and accomplish nothing.