I. Functional Zoning Planning of Ecological Park
Planning should be based on the nature of resources, landscape characteristics and its existing environment, on the basis of maintaining the original natural terrain and the integrity of the original ecological park, combined with future development and objective needs, appropriate design should be adopted to realize the functional zoning of the park. Taking Yongji Ecological Park in Huidong as an example, ecological agriculture demonstration area, sightseeing agricultural tourism area and popular science education function area can be set up in the design according to local conditions.
1. 1 eco-agriculture demonstration zone
Eco-agricultural demonstration area is the core part of ecological park design, the most important benefit source and demonstration area of ecological park, and the foundation of its survival and development. The planning and design of eco-agricultural demonstration area should be guided by ecological principles and follow the laws of material circulation and energy flow in the ecosystem. The types of eco-agriculture used in park design include producers, consumers and decomposers.
For example, in the new planning of Yongji Ecological Park, the "animal and plant * * * system" ecological agriculture type in paddy field ecological zone adopts the growth mode of rice, fish and duckweed; The orchard ecological zone adopts the type of "three-dimensional planting" ecological agriculture, and adopts the mode of combining orchard with breeding; The design of fish pond ecological zone adopts the type of "food chain and processing chain ecological agriculture"-the planting and breeding mode of combining pigs, ducks, fish and grass. These types of ecological agriculture make full use of the biological relationship of various organisms, string all ecological elements in a food chain, transform each other, and make full use of energy and matter, thus forming an ecological cycle of benign material energy, reflecting high ecological and economic benefits. In addition, in order to improve the economic benefits of the ecological park, the vegetable growing areas in the ecological park adopt large-scale industrialized production mode. It not only has the advantages of high production efficiency, strong industrial driving force, centralization and unification, but also has a demonstration and reference function for other agricultural industrialized enterprises. The flower cultivation area mainly produces all kinds of edible and ornamental flowers for tourists to taste, appreciate and buy. Edible fungi center is both a producer and a decomposer in the planning of ecological park, which embodies the function of making full use of waste. After scientific planning, the ecological park will take ecological agriculture as the main core content of "eco-tourism" of the ecological park, which embodies various functions of "green, ecological and demonstration" and can become the tourism boutique and leading product of the sightseeing agricultural ecological park.
1.2 tourist area
2 1 century, with the change of human production and lifestyle and the deepening of rural urbanization and urban-rural integration, agriculture gradually shifted from traditional production forms to landscape, ecology, health, medical care, education, sightseeing, leisure and vacation, so ecological fever, rejuvenation fever and leisure fever became the pursuit and desire of citizens. The new design of the ecological park pays attention to the combination of agriculture, ecology and tourism, and uses pastoral landscape, agricultural production activities, rural ecological environment and eco-agricultural business model to attract tourists to watch, taste, exercise, farmhouse experience, fitness, scientific investigation, environmental education, vacation and shopping. Break through the fixed tourist source channels, attract tourists from surrounding cities to stay for a short time on weekends and holidays with special tourism projects close to nature, maximize the use of resources and increase tourism income.
The planning of ecological park is based on the premise of fully developing agricultural resources and agricultural products with sightseeing value, with the theme of green, health and leisure. There will be a flower promenade, a wildfire park, a green restaurant, a green gift shop, a farmhouse activity park, a fishing area, an agricultural workshop, an open-air teahouse, an ecological park, a Xatu forest and other leisure and entertainment places in the park, so that visitors can enjoy the pastoral scenery in a perfect ecological environment.
1.3 popular science education functional area
The development of sightseeing agriculture and agricultural science popularization is unified, and tourism science popularization is the unified product of sightseeing agriculture and agricultural science popularization. Tourism popular science is a new type of popular science that uses modern enterprise management mechanism to develop and utilize agricultural resources [1]. Its introduction will solve many bottleneck problems that plague the development of modern sightseeing agriculture and popular science in China at present, alleviate the heavy pressure of too many agricultural popular science objects in China, and create a good environment for the development of agriculture and popular science in China.
Tourism science popularization planning should follow the principles of knowledge [9], science and technology and interest. For example, popular science education centers such as agricultural science museum and modern agricultural science and technology Expo area can be set up in the ecological park to introduce agricultural history and agricultural development status to tourists, popularize agricultural knowledge and strengthen environmental education. You can also set up a modern agricultural science and technology research center in the modern agricultural science and technology Expo area, and cultivate various crops by bioengineering methods to form characteristic agriculture. On the one hand, this ecological park can provide a base for popular science education in local and surrounding areas, a place for popular science education in universities, primary and secondary schools, and a place for various exhibitions, large-scale agricultural technology exchanges, academic conferences and agricultural technology training.
Second, the ecological park infrastructure planning
2. 1 Garden Road Planning
According to the idea of garden planning and design, from the use function of the garden, according to the topography, landform, functional area and scenic spot distribution of the ecological park, combined with the needs of garden management activities, comprehensive consideration and unified planning are made. The layout of the garden road will not affect the operating environment of the agricultural ecosystem in the park, nor will it affect the harmony and beauty of the scenic spots in the park. The garden road layout mainly adopts the natural garden layout, which makes the landscape in the ecological park beautiful and natural, and highlights the characteristics of the combination of agriculture and nature in the ecological park. The main road in the park is about 5m wide, which is used for tram traffic and tourist distribution; Secondary roads connect various building areas and scenic spots; Dedicated lanes are used for garden management; Walkways and mountain single lanes are mainly built around ecological parks, with a width of 1.2~2m.
2.2 Water supply, drainage and irrigation project planning
Ecological park mainly produces organic agricultural products, and agricultural production in the park needs a perfect irrigation system. At the same time, considering the environmental protection and the drinking water demand of tourists and gardeners, the water supply and drainage system is planned. In the planning, natural slopes and culverts with undulating terrain are mainly used to discharge rainwater into nearby water bodies; All artificial water supply and drainage systems should be buried with concealed pipes to avoid damaging the ecological environment and garden landscape; Agricultural products processing plants and domestic sewage discharge pipes are connected to the urban domestic water system, and shall not be discharged into the ground or ponds of the park to avoid environmental pollution.
2.3 Park Greening Design
The greening planning in the ecological park is based on the consideration of not affecting the ecological agriculture management and the functional requirements of the park, and combining with the requirements of plant landscaping, tourist activities and the landscape layout of the whole park. Perennial flowers and lawns are used for greening the flat land and hillside around the buildings in the whole park (except agricultural planting areas); Main roads and auxiliary places such as ecological parks (restaurants, science and technology museums, etc.). ) mainly planting flowers and foliage trees. Evergreen trees account for 70%~80% of the total greening trees in the park, and deciduous trees account for 20%~30%, so as to ensure that the park is evergreen all the year round. In short, the purpose of plant layout in the whole garden is to realize the coordination and unity of crops and green plants in various scenic spots and avoid negative effects (such as green plants and crops competing for external natural conditions, etc.). ).
Scheme II: Planning Scheme of Agricultural Ecological Park
Agricultural ecological park is an agricultural management which adopts the mode of ecological park, carries out agricultural layout and production in sightseeing park, and integrates agricultural activities, natural scenery, scientific and technological demonstration, leisure and entertainment, environmental protection and so on. And make use of pastoral landscape, natural ecology and environmental resources, combined with agriculture, forestry, fishing, animal husbandry production, agricultural business activities, rural culture and family life, to provide national leisure and enhance the national experience of agriculture and rural areas. It is a new industrial park integrating tourism, agricultural efficiency, greening, beautification and environmental improvement. Realize the unity of ecological benefits, economic benefits and social benefits.
With the development of urban and rural economy and the improvement of people's living standards, the rise of urban leisure tourism in recent years has prompted people's demand for getting close to and feeling nature to grow continuously. Sightseeing and leisure agriculture has made great progress in China, and various types of development and management modes have appeared one after another. By gradually driving and guiding the adjustment of agricultural industrial structure, according to the advantages of local natural resources, scientific and reasonable functional orientation is carried out to promote the construction of new socialist countryside. Shanwei is no exception. Nowadays, people's life needs are more abundant, and the desire to pursue a diversified and three-dimensional lifestyle to reduce work pressure and adjust life balance is increasing day by day. But at present, there is not an ecological park in the city that integrates leisure, entertainment, sightseeing and fitness for people to play after work. Building an ecological park is a top priority.
Xx Village in Red Bay has superior natural conditions, simple village style, pollution-free enterprises in the village, direct roads to the village, 20 kilometers away from the entrance of Shenzhen-Shantou Expressway, only 25 minutes away from Shanwei City, and 10 kilometers away from Red Bay Scenic Area, so the traffic is very convenient.
Business objectives: Set up leisure clubs for people from all walks of life in Shanwei, taste authentic wild fish, shrimp, fruit and vegetable gardens and other healthy foods at Shanwei seaside, enjoy the life of farmers in the countryside, make the ecological park of xx village in Honghai the most green ecological park and leisure center for farmers with the characteristics of Shanwei seaside, improve the social visibility of Honghai Bay and xx village, and promote the economic development of xx village. Create a "Shanwei seaside, land of plenty" landmark green ecological park. The ecological park of xx village in Red Bay is dominated by the natural scenery of the village, with a total area of xx mu, which is formed in three aspects.
On the one hand, the dug pit covers an area of xx mu, mainly for four kinds of fish farming, which can not only provide external demand, but also allow guests to fish and choose their own dishes.
On the other hand, it covers an area of xx mu and is the center of the ecological park. The main activity space of the park is arranged on this side. According to the preliminary plan, green long dike, fishing pavilion, leisure house and fisherman's wharf will be built along the coast. The most colorful is an island dotted with green pearls on the water. A series of buildings with Shanwei characteristics, such as leisure barbecue areas and fishing platforms, will be built on the island as needed to create a lifestyle of Shanwei seaside. Let people who are tired in the city enjoy a relaxed, comfortable and stress-free life at Shanwei seaside. On the island, you can play water, fish, read books or play mahjong and cards with your friends, and enjoy a happy life away from the noisy city. You can also taste the local pollution-free aquatic products and fresh fruits and vegetables in Shanwei, and appreciate the original flavor of Shanwei farmers with the help of cooking methods of farm stoves.
Moreover, taking xx mu as the planting area, surrounded by lawns planted by local farmers, combined with the water surface and evergreen all the year round, is a major feature of our ecological park, allowing guests to experience pastoral scenery in their spare time. Five areas, namely, rare tree planting area, fruit tree planting area, fine fruit planting area, greenhouse production area and free-range poultry raising area, have been opened up respectively, so that guests can get what they need in their spare time, which not only provides pollution-free and pollution-free food for guests, but also allows guests to experience relaxed and happy farmhouse music outside the tense pace of work and life.
Gao Jianfeng, an expert from the National New Rural Construction Implementation Committee, said: "The ecological park has turned the idea of a harmonious society envisioned by Tao Yuanming more than 600 years ago into a peach blossom in a dream, with a rich life and people enjoying themselves. Combine agricultural production with leisure and entertainment to paint a harmonious picture of rural and urban life. The ecological park has creatively opened up a new model for the construction of new countryside in China. " Song Xilai, executive deputy director of the National High-tech Agricultural Recycling Industry Development Center, said that there are many agricultural models in China, mainly to establish and promote high-tech agricultural projects and cooperation models, and finally to achieve village satisfaction, manager satisfaction, contractor satisfaction and local government satisfaction. Therefore, this project depends on the strong support of governments at all levels and relevant departments in order to truly play a leading role in demonstration.
Planning principles and guiding ideology of ecological park in xx village of Red Bay;
Original design: (1) adjust measures to local conditions, highlight the characteristics of the base (2) people-oriented, meet various needs (3) green-oriented, advocate ecological construction (4) keep pace with the times, highlight the civilized characteristics of modern social life (5) look to the future and pay attention to sustainable development.
First, according to local conditions, comprehensive planning and design.
The planning of ecological park should fully consider the original resource base of agricultural production, adjust measures to local conditions, do a good job in infrastructure construction such as transportation, water and electricity, accommodation, and further build entertainment places and resorts. In addition, the planning of the ecological park must be combined with the human landscape of the area where the ecological park is located, and agricultural and sideline products and tourism products with local agricultural and cultural characteristics should be developed to serve the society.
Second, cultivate fine products and create a theme image.
Based on the current situation that some sightseeing agricultural ecological parks lack fist products and are difficult to develop in depth, the planning of ecological parks should take eco-agricultural model as the overall layout of agricultural production in the park and cultivate viable eco-tourism sightseeing agricultural products. In addition, we should give full play to the existing production advantages of the ecological park, adopt organic agricultural planting and planting mode to produce pollution-free vegetables, reflect the application prospect of agricultural high technology, form product characteristics, and create a "green, safe and ecological" theme image.
Third, give consideration to interests and realize sustainable development.
The planning and design of ecological park takes ecological theory as the guiding ideology, and adopts ecological principles, environmental technology, biotechnology and modern management mechanism to form a virtuous cycle of agricultural ecosystem in the whole park. After scientific planning, the ecological park mainly realizes its ecological benefits through the design of ecological agriculture; Using modern organic agriculture planting mode and high-tech production technology to realize the economic benefits of ecological park; Realize its social benefits by the planning and design of agricultural sightseeing park. To build a sustainable sightseeing agricultural ecological park, we should realize the unity of economic benefits, ecological benefits and social benefits.
Fourth, green consumption, forming a brand.
The planning of sightseeing agricultural ecological park will closely focus on agricultural production, make full use of rural landscape, local ethnic customs and local culture, develop distinctive agricultural and sideline products and tourism products on the basis of embodying the beauty of natural ecology, and provide tourists with sightseeing, sightseeing, tasting, shopping, participating in farming, leisure, vacation and other activities to form a distinctive "sightseeing agricultural sightseeing park". Under the general trend that "green consumption" has become the global overall consumption, the planning of ecological park should further strengthen the planning of the origin of organic green agricultural products, produce organic agricultural products by organic planting mode and clean production mode, and pay attention to transforming organic agricultural products into organic foods and forming brands.
V. Landscape Planning and Ecological Layout
According to the idea of garden planning and design, starting from the use function of the garden, according to the topography, landforms, functional areas and the distribution of scenic spots of the ecological park, combined with the needs of garden management activities, comprehensive consideration and unified planning are made. The layout of the garden road will not affect the operating environment of the agricultural ecosystem in the park, nor will it affect the harmony and beauty of the scenic spots in the park. The layout of the garden road mainly adopts the natural ecological layout, which makes the landscape in the ecological park beautiful and natural, and highlights the characteristics of the combination of agriculture and nature in the ecological park. The main road in the park is about 5m wide, which is used for tram traffic and tourist distribution; Secondary roads connect various building areas and scenic spots; Dedicated lanes are used for garden management; Walkways and mountain single lanes are mainly built around ecological parks, with a width of 2m.
Six, scientific irrigation and drainage, protect the environment
Ecological park mainly produces organic agricultural products, and agricultural production in the park needs a perfect irrigation system. At the same time, considering the environmental protection and the drinking water demand of tourists and gardeners, the water supply and drainage system is planned. In the planning, natural slopes and culverts with undulating terrain are mainly used to discharge rainwater into nearby water bodies; All artificial water supply and drainage systems should be buried with concealed pipes to avoid damaging the ecological environment and garden landscape; Agricultural products processing plants and domestic sewage discharge pipes are connected to the urban domestic water system, and shall not be discharged into the ground or ponds of the park to avoid environmental pollution.
Seven, green design, evergreen.
The greening planning in the ecological park is based on the consideration of not affecting the ecological agriculture management and the functional requirements of the park, and combining with the requirements of plant landscaping, tourist activities and the landscape layout of the whole park. Perennial flowers and lawns are used for greening the flat land and hillside around the buildings in the whole park (except agricultural planting areas); Main roads and auxiliary places such as ecological parks (restaurants, fishing areas, etc.). ) mainly planting flowers and foliage trees. Evergreen trees account for more than 70% of the total greening trees in the park, and deciduous trees account for more than 20%, which ensures that the park is evergreen all the year round. In short, the purpose of plant layout in the whole garden is to realize the coordination and unity of crops and green plants in various scenic spots and avoid negative effects (such as green plants and crops competing for external natural conditions, etc.). ).
Scheme III: Planning Scheme of Agricultural Ecological Park
The agricultural ecological park adopts the ecological park mode, which carries out agricultural layout and production in the sightseeing park, and integrates agricultural activities, natural scenery, scientific and technological demonstration, leisure and entertainment, environmental protection, etc. To achieve the unity of ecological benefits, economic benefits and social benefits.
The agricultural ecological park, also known as the agricultural leisure park, refers to the agricultural management that aims at utilizing the pastoral landscape, natural ecology and environmental resources, and combines the production of agriculture, forestry, fishery and animal husbandry, agricultural management activities, rural culture and family life to provide national leisure and enhance the experience of national agriculture and rural areas. It is a new industrial park integrating tourism, agricultural efficiency, greening, beautification and environmental improvement. Realize the unity of ecological benefits, economic benefits and social benefits.
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