Chongqing (abbreviated as Chongqing or Ba), also known as Jiangcheng and Wudu, is a municipality directly under the Central Government of the People's Republic of China, an international metropolis, a national central city [1], a megacity, [2] an important strategic fulcrum for the western development, an important connection point between the Belt and Road and the Yangtze River Economic Belt, and an inland open highland. [3]
Chongqing is located in the southwest of China, bordering Hubei and Hunan in the east, Guizhou in the south, Sichuan in the west and Shaanxi in the north. [4] It belongs to subtropical monsoon humid climate, and famous scenic spots include Hongya Cave and Dazu Stone Carvings. The Jin Dynasty changed Yongning County to Ba Du County; In the 18th year of the Republic of China (1929), Chongqing was formally established as a city. 1March 1997 14. Chongqing municipality was established and the former Chongqing municipality was abolished.
On April 6th, 20021year, Chongqing was rated as the top ten digital reading cities, [5] and on April 23rd, it was listed as the top ten "yearning cities" in 2020-202 1 year. [6]
2021May 1 1 day, the results of the seventh national census were announced: by 0: 00 in 2020, the permanent population of Chongqing was 32054 159 (people).
Chinese name
Chongqing
zone
82,400 square kilometers
Foreign name
Chongqing, Chongqing
Population size
32054 159 people (the seventh national census) [7]
Another name
Shancheng, Bayuzhou, Yuzhou, Wudu, Du Qiao and Jiangcheng.
Administrative category
municipality directly under the Central Government
Gross Regional Product
2.5 trillion yuan (2020) [8]
region within the jurisdiction
26 districts, 8 counties and 4 autonomous counties
Higher education institutions
Major: Southwest University, Army Medical University.
Government residence
No.232 Renmin Road, Yuzhong District
Telephone area code
(+86)023
famous scenic spot
Hongyadong, Dazu Stone Carving, Wulong Karst Tourist Area, Three Gorges of the Yangtze River, Wulingshan Rift Valley, etc.
geographical position
China southwest inland, the upper reaches of the Yangtze River.
airport
Chongqing Jiangbei International Airport, Wanzhou Wuqiao Airport, Qianjiang Wulingshan Airport and Chongqing Wushan Airport.
train station
Chongqing Railway Station, Shapingba Railway Station, Chongqing North Railway Station, Chongqing West Railway Station, Wanzhou North Railway Station and Rongchang North Railway Station
dialect
Southwest mandarin-Chongqing dialect, Tujia language, Miao language, etc.
City tree
Green banyan tree
License plate code
Chongqing a, b, c, d, f, g and h
city flower
camellia
Administrative division code
500000
Urban spirit
Climb high and travel far, and strive for self-improvement with heavy load.
Belonging area
Southwest China and the upper reaches of the Yangtze River
postcode
400000-4099 12
Climatic conditions
Subtropical monsoon humid climate
the Secretary of the Municipal Party Committee
Chen Miner [9]
mayor
Tang liangzhi
mean annual temperature
16~ 18℃
Honor record
20 18, 18129 October was identified as a demonstration city for urban black and odorous water treatment in 20 18 years.
Tallest building
Chongqing World Financial Center (339 meters high)
Railway traffic
10 (313km)
As of 20 17 12 3 1, Chongqing has jurisdiction over 26 districts, 8 counties and 4 autonomous counties. 204 streets, 6 1 1 town, 193 townships, 14 ethnic townships. The government is located at No.232 Renmin Road, Yuzhong District.
Location context
Chongqing is located in the southwest of China, on the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, with a land span of1051'~101'and a latitude of 2810' ~ 32,650'. It borders Hubei and Hunan in the east, Guizhou in the south, Sichuan in the west and Shaanxi in the north. [3 1] The area under its jurisdiction is 470 kilometers long from east to west and 450 kilometers wide from north to south, covering an area of 82,400 square kilometers, which is 2.39 times the total area of Beijing, Tianjin and Shanghai. [32]
topography
There are Daba Mountain in the north, Wushan Mountain in the east, Wuling Mountain in the southeast and Dalou Mountain in the south of Chongqing. The elevation of the main urban area of Chongqing is mostly between 168 ~ 400 meters. The highest peak in the city is Yintiaoling, the main peak of Liang Jie on the eastern edge of Wuxi County, with an altitude of 2796.8 meters; The lowest is the Yangtze River in Wushan County, with an altitude of 73. 1 meter. The height difference in Chongqing is 2723.7 meters. The territory of high mountains and deep valleys, ravines. Mountain areas account for 76%, hills account for 22%, and valley flat dams only account for 2%. Among them, the area below 500 meters above sea level is 3 1.8 thousand square kilometers, accounting for 38.1%of the national territory; 20,900 square kilometers at an altitude of 500-800 meters, accounting for 25.46438+0% of the land area; 16800 square kilometers at an altitude of 800 ~ 1200m, accounting for 20.42% of the national territory; 1.280 square kilometers at an altitude of 1.280 meters, accounting for 15.56% of the national territory. [32]
Chongqing's topography gradually decreases from north to south towards the Yangtze River basin, with hills and low mountains in the northwest and middle, and two mountains, Daba Mountain and Wuling Mountain, in the southeast, with many slopes, so it is called "Mountain City". The general terrain is high in the southeast and northeast, low in the central and western regions, and gradually decreases from north to south to the Yangtze River basin. [3 1]
Climate environment
Chongqing has a subtropical monsoon humid climate, with an annual average temperature of 16~ 18℃, which is above 18.5℃ in Banan, Qijiang and Yunyang in the Yangtze River basin, and14 ~/kloc in Qianjiang and Youyang in the southeast. The annual average precipitation is abundant, with 1 0,000 ~1350 mm in most areas. Precipitation is mostly concentrated in May-September, accounting for about 70% of the total annual precipitation, especially on rainy nights at the turn of spring and summer, which is known as "night rain". [32]
Most of the annual average relative humidity in Chongqing is 70%~80%, which is a high humidity area in China. The sunshine hours in the whole year are 65,438+0,000 ~ 65,438+0,400 hours, and the sunshine percentage is only 25%~35%, which is one of the regions with the least sunshine in China, with less sunshine in winter and spring, accounting for only about 35% of the whole year. The main climatic characteristics can be summarized as follows: warm winter and early spring, hot summer and cool autumn, four distinct seasons and long frost-free period; The air is humid and the precipitation is abundant; Weak solar radiation and short sunshine time; There are more clouds and less frost and snow; Light and warm water are in the same season, with remarkable stereoscopic climate, abundant climatic resources and frequent meteorological disasters.
Chongqing is foggy under the dual effects of topography and climate, and is known as "Fog Capital Chongqing" and "Fog Capital". The average annual foggy day is 104 days, while the average annual foggy day in London, England, which is known as the foggy capital of the world, is only 94 days, and that in Tokyo, Japan, which is the foggy capital of the Far East, is only 55 days. Wu Yun in the wall mountain area has 204 foggy days all year round, which is called "the best in the world".
The main rivers in Chongqing are Yangtze River, Jialing River, Wujiang River, Fujiang River, Qijiang River, Daning River, Apeng River and Youshui River. The main stream of the Yangtze River runs through the whole territory from west to east, with a total length of 665 kilometers, and passes through three anticlines in Wushan, forming the famous Qutang Gorge, Wuxia Gorge and Xiling Gorge in Hubei, namely the world-famous Three Gorges of the Yangtze River. Jialing River comes from the northwest and joins the Yangtze River in Yuzhong District, and Wujiang River joins the Yangtze River in Fuling District. There are Bili Gorge, Wentang Gorge and Guanyin Gorge, which are the Three Gorges of Jialing River. [34]
natural resource
water resource
The total annual water resources in Chongqing is about 500 billion cubic meters, and the water area per square kilometer ranks first in the country. The theoretical reserve of hydropower resources is 654.38+04382800 kilowatts, and the exploitable capacity is 7.5 million kilowatts. The total installed capacity of developable hydropower per square kilometer in Chongqing is three times the national average. In addition, there are abundant underground thermal energy and drinking mineral water, which have great development potential. [34][35]
plant resources
There are more than 6,000 kinds of plants in Chongqing, including rare trees such as Alsophila spinulosa, Metasequoia glyptostroboides, Taiwania flousiana and Davidia involucrata, which are called "living fossils" of plants, and the forest coverage rate is 20.49%. Only the Jinyun Mountain, known as "Bayu Emei", contains 1700 kinds of subtropical trees, and1600 million years ago, there are "living fossils" of world rare plants such as Metasequoia glyptostroboides, Bole Tree and Moth Tree. Nanchuan Jinfo Mountain is a national nature reserve and scenic spot, with 5880 species of plants in 333 families, including 52 rare plants such as Taxodium distichum, Chimonanthus praecox, Ginkgo biloba, tea tree and ginseng, and 36 national protected animals such as langurs and leopards. There are more than 500 species of plants/kloc-0 and 207 species of animals in Simian Mountain in Jiangjin, including 47 species of national protected animals and 23 species of rare animals. [35]
Chongqing is one of the important producing areas of Chinese herbal medicines in China. Wild and cultivated Chinese herbal medicines grown in mountainous areas include Coptidis Rhizoma, Atractylodis Rhizoma, Flos Lonicerae, Radix Codonopsis, Fritillaria, Rhizoma Gastrodiae, Cortex Magnolia Officinalis, Radix Zanthoxyli, Eucommiae Cortex, Rhizoma Corydalis and Radix Angelicae Sinensis. Shizhu Tujia Autonomous County ranks first in the country in the output of Coptis chinensis and is a famous "hometown of Coptis chinensis". [34]
Animal resources
There are more than 600 species of animal resources in Chongqing, among which there are nearly 100 species of national key rare protected animals such as golden monkey, South China tiger, bee monkey and black stork. [34]
mineral resources
By the end of 20 12, 68 kinds of minerals have been discovered in Chongqing, and 54 kinds of minerals with resource reserves have been discovered, covering ferrous metals, nonferrous metals, precious metals, rare metals, rare elements, metallurgical auxiliary raw materials, non-metallic minerals for chemical raw materials, energy minerals, building materials and other non-metallic minerals. The dominant minerals in reality are natural gas, strontium ore, coal, bauxite, manganese ore, witherite, powdery gypsum, limestone used in cement, salt mine, geothermal and so on. * * * More than 68 kinds of minerals have been discovered and mined, accounting for about 27% of the world's known minerals. There are 54 kinds of minerals with proven reserves, mainly including coal, natural gas, strontium, pyrite, rock salt, bauxite, mercury, manganese, barium, marble, limestone and barite. In particular, the reserves and grades of coal, natural gas, bauxite, salt, strontium, manganese and barium have obvious advantages in China. [35]
Population and nationality
Human population
During the Anti-Japanese War, a large number of people moved inward, and 6.5438 million people moved to Chongqing. In 33 years (1944), the urban population exceeded one million. In the thirty-fourth year of the Republic of China (1945), when the Anti-Japanese War was won, the population had reached1250,000. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, with the return of the National Government to Nanjing, a large number of industrial and mining enterprises and government schools moved away, and the population size of Chongqing gradually shrank. But the population remained above one million, making it the seventh largest city in China at that time.
In 20 19, the permanent population of the city was 31243,200, an increase of 225,300 over the previous year. Among them, the urban population is 20,869,900, accounting for 66.8% of the permanent population (urbanization rate of permanent population), an increase of 65,438 0.3 percentage points over the previous year. In the whole year, the population outside the city was 4.7402 million, and the population outside the city was1820500.
In 20 19 years, the birth rate was 10.48‰, the mortality rate was 7.57‰, and the natural population growth rate was 2.9 1‰. The sex ratio of permanent residents in the city (female 100, male to female ratio) is 10 1.7 1, and the sex ratio of babies born is 107.22. [36]
At the end of 2020, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development published the 20 19 Statistical Yearbook of Urban Construction, and Chongqing reached the standard of "Megacity" in China. [37]
2021May 1 1 day, the results of the seventh national census were announced: by 0: 00 in 2020, the permanent population of Chongqing was 32054 159 (people). [7]
nation
Chongqing is the only municipality directly under the central government with ethnic autonomous areas in China, which has jurisdiction over 4 autonomous counties, 1 district (Qianjiang district) enjoying preferential policies for ethnic autonomous areas and 14 ethnic townships. [3 1]
In 20 12, the population of Chongqing was mainly Han nationality, in addition to Tujia, Miao, Hui, Manchu, Yi, Zhuang, Buyi, Mongolian, Tibetan, Bai, Dong, Uygur, Korean, Hani, Dai, Lisu, Wa and Lahu. The total population of ethnic minorities is 6.5438+0.93 million, of which Tujia has the largest population of 6.5438+0.39 million, followed by Miao, with about 480,000 people. The minority population accounts for 5.8% of Chongqing's population.