According to the survey, there are more than 40 primary and secondary school students who died accidentally due to drowning, food poisoning and building collapse, which is equivalent to missing a class every day! Accidental injuries on campus have mercilessly become the "number one killer" threatening the safety of young people. So how to prevent campus safety accidents from happening again?
First, create a safe external environment.
The safety of primary and secondary school students is a systematic project of society. It is impossible for schools and families to undertake all the guardianship responsibilities, and they need the attention of the whole society, starting from every detail.
1. Establish a "trinity" long-term mechanism of joint control and joint defense, and form a youth safety protection system with the participation of schools, society and families. For example, public security, transportation, industry and commerce, health and epidemic prevention, education and other departments work together to maintain the order of public security, fire fighting, transportation, market operation and food hygiene and safety in schools and surrounding areas, eliminate all kinds of hidden dangers, and always pay attention to the healthy growth environment of children. Carry out in-depth public security rectification around the campus, and severely crack down on various illegal and criminal activities such as theft, extortion, robbery of teachers and students' property, and violation of teachers and students' personal safety. We should take the initiative to contact the public security organs, hire public security police as the legal principals and off-campus counselors of the school, enhance students' safety awareness through legal lectures and actual case analysis, help and guide the school to implement various safety precautions, and improve and perfect the safety prevention mechanism around the campus. After students are blackmailed, they should take the initiative to contact the police station and ask for strengthening police patrols on key road sections, parts and regions to prevent cases of highway robbery, extortion and injury to students. Slowing signs and warning signs should be set at intersections and T-junctions near schools to reduce traffic accidents. Strengthen contact with the community. Only by establishing and improving the long-term management mechanism of joint control and joint defense can we ensure campus stability and optimize the educational environment.
2. Establishing social insurance, transferring risk responsibility and socializing damage compensation are good ways to solve the current school accident damage compensation. The practice of western countries has proved this point. China and Shanghai have also implemented it. The Shanghai Municipal People's Congress Committee deliberated and passed the Regulations on Handling Injury Accidents of Primary and Secondary School Students in Shanghai (Draft). The "Regulations" clearly stipulate that primary and secondary schools should bear fault liability in student injury accidents, and schools should compensate injured students in the form of insurance liability accidents. The adoption of this local law is the first case in China, which indicates that Shanghai has explored a new way to establish a school liability insurance system in response to campus accidents, allowing insurance companies to intervene in claims settlement and realize the marketization of claims settlement, which is of exemplary significance in the country.
Second, enhance the sense of responsibility and crisis and strengthen safety education.
1, enhance the sense of responsibility and crisis: school leaders should be responsible for the education of the party and students, and enhance the sense of mission and responsibility for doing a good job in school safety from the perspective of safeguarding the fundamental interests of the people and maintaining social and political stability. Strictly implement the school safety regulations, stress safety and attach importance to safety, and eliminate accidents in the bud. School leaders should strengthen safety education for teachers, students and even parents. Master some emergency methods and survive for the time being. In conjunction with relevant departments, according to the different characteristics of season, region and environment, select key contents and carry out targeted safety education, so that teachers and students can receive systematic education on safety knowledge such as preventing drowning, traffic accidents, food poisoning and emergencies.
2. Strengthen safety education: school safety education should be student-centered and educate faculty.
Safety management focuses on prevention. Paying attention to and strengthening the safety education of primary and secondary school students and teaching staff, and enhancing the awareness of safety prevention and self-protection ability are important means to effectively reduce the accident rate and ensure the safety of students. According to the characteristics of students' age, grade, environment, season and relevant laws, timely education on theft prevention, fire prevention, disease prevention and injury prevention should be carried out. We should be good at educating students with cases closely related to them, drawing lessons from them, cultivating their safety awareness and improving their safety quality.
(1) Strengthen risk education. According to the characteristics of young students, low knowledge level and poor risk awareness, we should strengthen risk education for students, especially junior students, so that students can have a basic understanding of the common risks in society and have certain risk identification ability, such as the dangerous consequences of running a red light, the serious consequences of not following the operating procedures in the laboratory, the danger of being cheated and robbed, and so on, so as to avoid accidents caused by insufficient understanding of the dangerous consequences.
(2) Strengthen prevention and rescue education. When educating students about safety precautions and self-rescue, we should focus on cultivating students' self-rescue ability and problem-solving ability in an emergency, so as to ensure that students will not be at a loss when an accident occurs and can take reasonable and effective rescue measures. This is not only the need of school safety work, but also the basic requirement of comprehensively improving students' comprehensive quality.
(3) Strengthen mental health education. Educate students to maintain a healthy psychological state, help students overcome psychological obstacles caused by various reasons, and avoid accidents caused by psychological reasons. It is necessary to innovate the ways and means of mental health education and improve students' trust. Let students receive mental health education in a subtle way.
(4) Strengthen the safety education for teaching staff. It is necessary to further strictly observe the professional discipline of teaching staff and earnestly strengthen professional ethics education. In accordance with the provisions of the Regulations on Teachers' Qualifications, in-service teachers shall be examined for their qualifications, and those who do not meet the qualifications of teachers shall be resolutely removed. If it is not suitable for education and teaching due to physical factors, it should be adjusted. It is necessary to strengthen the education of teachers' safety awareness and ability, improve teachers' methods and skills to deal with emergencies, and minimize all kinds of losses caused by accidents. Starting from caring for and caring for students, we should establish safety awareness, strive to improve students' learning and living environment, and protect students' personal and property safety.
Three, clear tasks, strengthen measures to establish a security system to prevent campus accidents.
Campus injury accidents are sometimes difficult to prevent and cannot be completely avoided. Schools should do a good job in prevention and try to reduce and avoid accidental injuries as much as possible.
1, establish a security system.
First, the safety inspection system. Check the school buildings regularly. Once dangerous buildings are found, they should immediately report to their superiors and take measures to ensure the safety of students. Check the teaching equipment regularly and replace the teaching equipment that may cause harm in time. If it cannot be replaced for a while, it is forbidden to use it. Regularly check inflammable and explosive articles, take good care of dangerous articles such as sulfuric acid used in chemical experiments, and don't let them fall into the hands of students. Check the fire fighting equipment regularly. If it doesn't work, try to replace it.
Second, the safety duty system. Before class, after class, at noon and in the evening, all students should arrange teachers to be on duty during school, so that people can watch everywhere. There should be rules, records and inspections on duty.
Third, establish a safety responsibility system. Schools should clarify the respective safety responsibilities of teachers, students and even parents. In the classroom, teachers should be responsible for the safety of students, and teachers should accept education or administrative punishment for corporal punishment of students. When students leave school, their parents should be responsible for their safety. Fully implement the safety responsibility system and the one-vote veto system. Strictly implement the accountability system for safety accidents and the "one-vote veto" system to enhance the sense of urgency in doing a good job in safety. As long as there is a safety accident, it is necessary to investigate the responsibility, and who is involved, it is necessary to investigate the corresponding responsibility and never tolerate it. As long as there is one vote to veto, the honor, promotion and promotion of the units, collectives and individuals involved will be rejected mainly according to the relevant management authority. It is necessary to adhere to the "four-no-pass" principle that the cause of the accident is not ascertained, the responsible personnel are not dealt with, the rectification measures are not implemented, and the relevant personnel are not educated, carefully investigate all kinds of hidden dangers of accidents, and implement the responsibility system and accountability system at all levels.
Fourth, improve the information reporting system, the accident reporting system and the approval system for large-scale off-campus activities. Once a safety accident occurs, the accident unit shall report the real situation step by step by telephone, online or in writing in accordance with relevant regulations. The organization's off-campus activities must be carefully arranged before the activities, and the detailed request report should be submitted to the education administrative department for approval according to the management authority.
Fifth, establish and improve the safety early warning mechanism and emergency response mechanism. Comprehensively improve the management level and emergency response ability of school safety work. We should be prepared for danger in times of peace, take precautions, take the initiative to attack, optimize management, effectively strengthen campus safety, and ensure the health and safety of teachers and students. It is necessary to formulate a work plan for handling accidents, deploy capable personnel to form an emergency working group, improve the rapid response ability, deal with emergencies in time, and minimize the loss of life and property.
2. Take safety measures. Safety measures should be taken for some work and activities that may cause accidental injuries to underage students. Students are forbidden to climb high and clean windows to ensure safety. Students are forbidden to bring dangerous goods to school. Knives, slingshots, spray guns and other toys that may cause injuries are not allowed to be brought into school. Organize students to participate in "Student personal accident insurance" and "Student Medical Insurance". In case of accidental injury, the insurance company can bear certain liability for compensation. At the same time, do a good job in regular investigation and timely rectification of potential safety hazards. Security risks should be seen not only clearly and directly, but also implicitly and indirectly. There are tangible and intuitive security risks such as dilapidated school buildings, insufficient fire-fighting equipment, blocked evacuation routes, incomplete emergency lighting facilities, substandard food hygiene, nonstandard education and teaching facilities, loopholes in duty, lax portal websites, lax activity organization, serious teasing by students, excessive overnight cash, lax management of key parts, and violation of traffic rules. Should be timely inspection found and timely rectification. The system is not perfect, the implementation of the system is not in place, the safety awareness is weak, the division of labor is unclear, safety accidents are ignored, safety information is not smooth, rewards and punishments are not clear, inspections are not in place, teachers are not dedicated enough, there is no plan to deal with emergencies, and the safety responsibility system is not implemented. It is also necessary to check and rectify in time. Carefully investigate all kinds of potential safety hazards existing in the school, establish an account and follow up. If it can be rectified immediately, it must be resolutely rectified immediately; If it is difficult to rectify for a while, it is necessary to clarify the regulatory responsibility and strictly guard against it.
3. Eliminate potential safety hazards.
To eliminate potential safety hazards, we should focus on ensuring the safety of teachers and students' lives and property, focusing on preventing major safety accidents, resolutely overcome luck and paralysis, and effectively solve the problem of "low standards and unrealistic work". Focus on work:
(1) Strengthen fire safety management to prevent fire accidents. In accordance with the requirements of the Fire Protection Law, schools should complete fire-fighting equipment, regularly inspect facilities, and timely replace and maintain aging facilities. It is necessary to strengthen the management of electricity consumption in students' dormitories and put an end to disorderly wiring and illegal electricity consumption. Students are forbidden to use electricity to boil water for cooking in the dormitory, and students are forbidden to light candles for lighting. Schools with management responsibilities such as restaurants, bathrooms, dormitories, auditoriums, libraries, reading rooms, computer rooms, indoor gymnasiums and student activity centers should focus on inspection and rectification. It is necessary to ensure that there are enough evacuation passages, evacuation stairs and safety exits to ensure smooth flow. Special attention should be paid to the parking of students' bicycles, and normal passages should not be blocked.
(2) Strengthen food hygiene and epidemic prevention to ensure the health of teachers and students. School canteen is an important aspect of school safety work. No matter what methods or means are adopted, the school canteen must pay attention to the following three aspects: First, the school food hygiene and safety management system. Schools should establish a responsibility system for health and safety work and accountability measures, and implement the handling and reporting system for food poisoning or suspected food poisoning incidents. School canteens must have food hygiene licenses, and canteen employees must hold health certificates and training certificates. It is necessary to establish and improve food hygiene and safety management files, and implement the provisions of the Ministry of Education that "the socialization process of primary and secondary school canteens should be strictly controlled, and the socialization reform of primary and secondary school canteens should not be carried out before the conditions are fully mature" and "the production of cold dishes in school canteens must be restricted". The second is the school food hygiene and safety management. Strictly control startup, employment, accounting, health and safety, procurement (purchase), processing, storage, disinfection, sample retention, supervision and evaluation. The third is to solve the problems of running canteens or canteens without valid certificates, operating canteens beyond the scope, overloading canteens, lagging development of hardware facilities, inadequate supervision of food hygiene and safety management, canteen operation procedures and layout not meeting hygiene standards, great differences in food quality, theft prevention and human poisoning, environmental hygiene and personal hygiene, drinking water equipment and water quality.
(3) Strengthen the management of dangerous goods in schools. Dangerous goods in schools, especially dangerous chemical experiments, should be managed by special personnel and stored in instruments that meet safety requirements according to regulations. It is necessary to strengthen the education and management of testers, and it is strictly forbidden to place dangerous goods in the open space at will. It is necessary to establish and improve the responsibility transfer system to ensure that the management of dangerous goods is foolproof.
(4) Strengthen the management of school workers. School doormen should establish a registration system for the entry and exit of foreign personnel. Without permission, outsiders are not allowed to enter the campus, restaurants, dormitories, classrooms, offices and other places without authorization to prevent theft, poisoning and other sabotage.
School safety work must be all for students and all for students. The responsibility of school safety work is more important than Mount Tai. Accidents in primary and secondary schools can be avoided and reduced as long as schools, society and families participate in youth safety protection, further improve the school safety working mechanism and innovate school safety working measures.
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