Productive dust is the main occupational hazard factor in coal mines. In the process of underground production, drilling holes, blasting, cutting coal, loading coal (gangue) and transshipment will produce a lot of dust, including rock dust and coal dust.
Workers working in the environment with excessive rock dust for a long time may cause silicosis; Workers working in an environment with excessive coal dust for a long time may cause coal lung disease.
2, harmful gas poisoning
There may be excessive harmful gases in the underground air, such as CH4, CO, CO2, nitrogen oxides and H2S. If ventilation is not strengthened in time, it will be diluted and taken away, which may cause personnel poisoning.
3, respiratory tract infection or rheumatoid arthritis
The basic characteristics of underground climate conditions are large temperature difference, high humidity and high wind speed. Therefore, workers are prone to colds, upper respiratory tract infections or rheumatoid arthritis.
4, synovitis and cervical spondylosis
People who work in thin coal mining face or roadway with small height can't stand and often kneel on the floor, which causes local joints (entering the knee joint) to be strongly oppressed and rubbed for a long time and causes synovitis.
In addition, underground employees bend over for a long time, which is easy to cause lumbar spondylosis; The underground space is small, and underground employees often kowtow, which is easy to cause cervical spondylosis.
5. Noise deafness
Rock drill, drilling rig, shearer, roadheader, conveyor, crusher, blower, water pump, local ventilator, locomotive, blaster, etc. Can produce a lot of noise, the common ear noise of underground workers "develops"-that is, the hearing drops obviously, and the vibration department causes local vibration diseases.
6.cancer constellation
Radioactive substances (such as radon) and their daughters in coal mines are often higher than the ground, which affects the health of employees for another generation. Some units (coal preparation plants, etc. The use of some radioactive substances in the production process will do great harm to human body if it is not properly managed.
Extended data:
Prevention and management of occupational hazards in coal mine workplaces
The main person in charge of the coal mine (legal representative, actual controller, the same below) is the first person responsible for the prevention and control of occupational hazards in this unit, and is fully responsible for the prevention and control of occupational hazards in this unit.
Coal mines should establish and improve the leading institutions for the prevention and control of occupational hazards, formulate plans for the prevention and control of occupational hazards, clarify the division of responsibilities and implement work funds, and strengthen the prevention and control of occupational hazards.
Coal mines shall set up or designate occupational hazard prevention and control management institutions, and be equipped with full-time occupational health management personnel to be responsible for the daily management of occupational hazard prevention and control.
Coal mines shall formulate annual plans and implementation plans for prevention and control of occupational hazards, and establish and improve the following systems:
(1) Responsibility system for prevention and control of occupational hazards;
(2) the system of warning and informing about occupational hazards;
(3), occupational disease hazard project declaration system;
(four), occupational disease prevention and control publicity, education and training system;
(five), occupational disease protection facilities management system;
(6) Management system of personal protective equipment for occupational diseases;
(seven) the management system of daily monitoring, detection and evaluation of occupational hazards;
(eight) the system of simultaneously designing, simultaneously constructing, and simultaneously putting into production and use the occupational disease prevention facilities of the construction project and the main project (hereinafter referred to as the "three simultaneities" of the occupational health of the construction project);
(nine) the occupational health supervision of workers and its file management system;
(ten), occupational disease diagnosis, identification and reporting system;
(eleven), occupational disease prevention and control funds guarantee and use management system;
(twelve), occupational health records management system;
(13) occupational hazard accident emergency management system;
(fourteen) other occupational disease prevention and control systems as stipulated by laws, regulations and rules.
Coal mines shall be equipped with full-time or part-time occupational disease hazard monitoring personnel and corresponding monitoring instruments and equipment. Monitoring personnel should be trained and qualified; Those who have not passed the training shall not work at their posts.
Coal mines should carry out daily monitoring of occupational hazards in mines, entrust qualified occupational health technical service institutions to conduct occupational hazard detection in workplaces once a year, and evaluate the status quo of occupational hazards 1 time every three years.
According to the results of monitoring, testing and evaluation, the rectification measures shall be implemented, and the implementation of daily monitoring, testing, evaluation and rectification shall be stored in the occupational health archives of the unit. The test and evaluation results shall be reported to the local safety production supervision and management department and the resident coal mine safety supervision institution, and announced to the workers.
Coal mines shall not use technologies, processes, equipment and materials that may cause occupational hazards, and restrict the use or eliminate technologies, processes, equipment and materials that cause serious occupational hazards.
Coal mines should optimize production layout and technological process, separate harmful operations from harmless operations, and reduce the number of people exposed to occupational hazards and contact time.
Coal mines should equip workers exposed to occupational hazards with standard personal protective equipment in accordance with the Equipment Standard for Occupational Safety and Health Personal Protective Equipment in Coal Mines (AQ 105 1), and guide and urge them to use it correctly.
Coal mines shall fulfill their obligation to inform workers of occupational hazards, and when concluding or modifying labor contracts with them, they shall truthfully inform workers of occupational hazards and their consequences, protective measures and related treatment that may occur in the process of operation, and make them clear in the labor contracts, and shall not conceal or deceive them.
A coal mine shall set up a bulletin board in a conspicuous position to announce the rules and regulations, operating procedures and test results of occupational hazards in the workplace; For operations that cause serious occupational hazards, warning signs and Chinese warning instructions shall be set in a prominent position.
The main person in charge of the coal mine and the occupational health management personnel shall have the knowledge and management ability of occupational health in the coal mine, and accept the training of occupational hazard prevention and control. The training contents shall include laws, regulations, rules and standards related to occupational health, basic knowledge of occupational hazard prevention and control, and relevant knowledge of occupational health management.
Coal mines should regularly train workers on the knowledge of prevention and control of occupational hazards before and during their posts, urge them to abide by the laws, regulations, rules, standards and operating procedures of occupational disease prevention and control, and guide them to correctly use occupational disease protection equipment and personal protective equipment. The pre-job training time is not less than 4 hours, and the regular training time during the on-the-job period is not less than 2 hours per year.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Provisions on Prevention and Control of Occupational Hazards in Coal Mine Workplaces