In order to promote the employment of young college students, our government has taken a series of breakthrough reform measures in system and policy, and achieved certain results. How to further dredge and broaden the employment channels for college students is a problem worthy of our constant thinking and research at present.
1, youth employment and entrepreneurship legislation
The implementation of any policy must rely on the formulation and improvement of laws. An important prerequisite for western countries to vigorously promote the youth employment security plan is to formulate and improve the youth employment bill. It is very necessary to promote the smooth employment of college students from the perspective of legislation and from the specific situation of our country.
2. Encourage college graduates to work in the west, rural areas and grassroots.
Among the graduates of science, engineering, agriculture and medicine, the employment situation of agricultural and medical students is the most severe. A quarter of the students majoring in agricultural science have employment crisis (the employment rate is less than 30%), and only 10% of the students have a balance between supply and demand in employment, while talents majoring in agronomy and medicine are in urgent need in the western region and rural areas. Therefore, it is an important way to solve the employment problem of graduates by adopting various preferential policies, such as raising wages, promoting in advance (grading), giving higher housing subsidies and settling-in expenses, providing opportunities for further study and development, and moving freely after the expiration of work.
3. Formulate preferential policies to encourage college graduates to start their own businesses and engage in flexible employment.
45.5% of the new jobs in cities and towns in China are flexible jobs. Flexible employment is one of the main ways of future employment. Therefore, the government and colleges and universities should give policy and financial support to college graduates who are interested in establishing economic entities, transforming scientific and technological achievements and starting their own businesses, and provide small loans and guarantees for college graduates to start their own businesses in conditional areas to help them find the "first bucket of gold" for starting their own businesses. For example, Shanghai Science and Technology Entrepreneurship Center and Shanghai College Graduates Employment Guidance Center jointly established the "Shanghai National College Graduates Science and Technology Entrepreneurship Fund" with a total amount of 65,438.
Second, the job market.
China should constantly improve the employment management system of college graduates, rectify the employment market, incorporate college graduates into the socialized work system, improve the development mechanism of higher education and the employment mechanism of graduates, and establish cooperation among universities, schools and enterprises, governments, research institutions and governments to play a role in the employment of graduates. This is a good way to solve the employment of graduates.
In order to be market-oriented, adjust the school's professional structure and curriculum, and scientifically guide graduates' employment, the state must also establish an information early warning mechanism or employment index system for college students as soon as possible. Wuhan Personnel Bureau selects representative schools and majors in Wuhan, and establishes a series of index models that can comprehensively reflect the employment situation of college students in Wuhan by using the theories and methods of mathematical statistics and econometrics around three statistical indicators, namely, the employment rate of college students, the employment gap rate and the employment quality, so as to provide timely, complete, accurate and forward-looking employment information, which is worth learning and using for reference.
At the same time, the state should also establish a socialized service system for college graduates as soon as possible, strengthen the management and supervision of the graduate employment market, investigate and punish organizers and individuals who attract exhibitors and students with false words and false information according to law, guide and standardize all kinds of graduate job fairs, improve the software and hardware environment of job fairs, and improve the quality of job fairs. Graduates call for a small-scale and permanent employment market for college graduates with the goal of market segmentation, so as to facilitate the full employment of unemployed graduates. In April last year, Beijing established a permanent market for college graduates and employers, which was well received by graduates, and a group of unemployed college students found jobs here.
Third, the reform and development of higher education
Running a school should be guided by social needs and take the employment of graduates as a lever to test and drive the reform in all aspects of talent training and form a regulation mechanism for higher education. In terms of specialty construction and adjustment, we should optimize the discipline structure, add new majors in time, actively develop interdisciplinary and marginal disciplines, vigorously develop dominant majors and build brand majors. At the same time, do a good job in the feedback of graduates' employment information, establish a relevant index system, and analyze the employment level and supply-demand ratio while counting the employment rate of graduates of various majors, so as to provide scientific basis for professional adjustment. In the course construction and adjustment, colleges and universities should innovate with the emergence of new knowledge and technology, broaden students' knowledge fields, strengthen school-running characteristics, and cultivate talents to adapt to social development.
Fourth, employment guidance in colleges and universities.
Colleges and universities should take the initiative to strengthen students' employment guidance and broaden employment channels. Adhere to the principle of combining graduate employment guidance with talent training, vocational education and employment service, and carry out employment guidance and service throughout the four-year university life. Schools should collect demand information through multiple channels, take the form of combining large and small job fairs, and carefully organize "two-way selection" activities to make it the main channel for graduates' employment. At the same time, make full use of network resources to ensure the timely and effective transmission and exchange of graduate supply and demand information among universities, graduates, employers and graduate employment departments, and provide convenience for graduates to apply for jobs and employers to recruit graduates.
In view of graduates' job-hunting mentality, colleges and universities should vigorously strengthen the education of graduates' employment outlook, guide them to establish a correct concept, correct their mentality, make an objective orientation, choose a good goal, be more pragmatic and less impetuous, reasonably adjust their employment expectations, combine their own characteristics, foster strengths and avoid weaknesses, and thus find a suitable employment unit with a clear aim.
Fifth, the graduates themselves.
College graduates should emancipate their minds, change outdated employment concepts, enhance their sense of self-reliance and self-improvement, enhance their fighting spirit, face up to reality and actively participate in diversified employment under the new situation. For example, at present, the state and governments at all levels have given many preferential policies to college students who wish to join the western region, creating certain conditions and space for college students to develop in the western region. Graduates who have just left the university have a new knowledge structure, new ideas and new courage and courage. They may as well go to the west to show their skills, find suitable jobs and realize their personal values.
How to "marry" college graduates and improve their comprehensive quality is the key. We should pay attention to improving moral, cultural, professional, physical and psychological qualities, cultivate communication skills, knowledge application ability, independent living and working ability, psychological endurance, unity and cooperation ability, hands-on operation ability, organizational management ability and pioneering and innovative ability, enhance competitiveness and self-confidence, and make ourselves qualified talents to meet the needs of society.
Starting your own business and being your own boss can also open up a new world for college students. At present, many colleges and universities have issued many policies to support college students' entrepreneurship, and government departments are also updating their concepts and giving them entrepreneurial support. For example, the relevant documents in Jiangsu Province stipulate that "governments at all levels should provide convenience and market opportunities for graduates who start their own businesses and support graduates to start their own businesses. High-tech enterprises led or founded by graduates enjoy preferential financial policies in accordance with relevant regulations. Private technology enterprises founded by graduates shall be exempted from business tax and income tax according to regulations. "Therefore, self-employment will also become one of the employment channels for future graduates.
College graduates are precious human resources urgently needed in China and have been widely concerned by the society. At the 6th plenary meeting of China Employment Forum held on April 30th, 2004, Vice Minister of Education Wu pointed out that the goal of China is to establish a management system and operation mechanism of college graduates with China characteristics to meet the needs of the new situation through three to five years of construction and struggle. The author believes that through a series of policies and measures adopted by the state to treat both the symptoms and root causes and promote the employment of graduates, through the active cooperation and help of governments at all levels, universities and all walks of life, and through the efforts and progress of college students themselves, the employment of young college students will certainly present a new gratifying situation.