First, continue to carry out a national survey of giant panda resources.
In order to know the resources and protection of giant pandas, the State Forestry Administration, the wildlife department of China Government, conducted three consecutive national surveys on giant panda resources from 1974 to 1977, 1985 to 1988 and 1999 at the end of 2003. The results of the third national panda survey, which ended in June 2004, show that the distribution of giant pandas in China has expanded, the habitat has improved and the population has increased. By the end of 2003, the wild giant pandas in China were distributed in six mountain systems, Qinling, Minshan, Qionglai, Daxiangling, Xiaoxiangling and Liangshan, with a total of 16 places (cities, states), 45 counties (cities, districts) and 194 towns. The total habitat area exceeds 2.3 million hectares; The population of giant pandas in the wild is more than 1590.
Second, strengthen the construction of nature reserves and attach importance to the protection of giant panda habitats.
The government of China has always regarded strengthening habitat construction as the key to protecting giant pandas, and strengthening the construction of nature reserves as an important means. From 65438 to 0963, China established nature reserves with giant pandas as the main protection objects in Wolong, Baihe, Wang Lang and Horn River in Sichuan. During the period of 1992, the project of protecting giant pandas and their habitats in China was implemented, which further strengthened the construction of giant panda nature reserves, restricted forest harvesting in giant panda distribution areas and strengthened the construction of giant panda habitat protection. By the end of 2007, China has established 62 giant panda nature reserves, effectively protecting more than 57% of the giant panda habitat area and more than 765,438+0% of the wild giant panda population.
Third, actively carry out rescue work for giant pandas.
From the mid-1970s to the mid-1980s, bamboo, the staple food of giant pandas in Minshan, Qionglai, Qinling and Liangshan, bloomed in large areas, which seriously threatened the survival of giant pandas in the wild. Many giant pandas died of hunger and disease. In view of this grim situation, the State Council has made overall arrangements and the Ministry of Forestry has taken extraordinary measures. Sichuan, Shaanxi and Gansu provinces and local governments in the giant panda distribution area have established organizations to protect and rescue giant pandas, and established more than 60 professional protection organizations such as professional patrols, rescue teams, monitoring stations and shelters, with more than 1000 people engaged in professional protection. At the same time, with the strong support of all walks of life and international organizations, there has been an upsurge of saving the "national treasure" giant panda. According to incomplete statistics, from 1983 to the end of 2007, a total of 287 sick and hungry giant pandas were rescued nationwide, of which more than 2 10 were rescued, and 123 were released into the wild after treatment and rehabilitation. After 1990, with the gradual recovery of flowering bamboo forests in giant panda habitat, the rescue work gradually turned into the stage of normalization protection.
Fourth, the implementation of key projects for the protection of giant pandas
1992 the state planning commission approved the state forestry administration to organize and implement the China giant panda and its habitat protection project 10. The implementation of the project has carried out a lot of work in the aspects of background resource investigation, infrastructure construction, personnel comprehensive capacity building, protection publicity and education, rescue and monitoring of giant panda resources, artificial breeding research and so on, and has made positive progress. The project focuses on the establishment of the giant panda nature reserve, and plans to improve the construction and management of the giant panda nature reserve from 1992 to 2002; New 14 Giant Panda Nature Reserve; 17 construction of giant panda protection corridor; Establish giant panda habitat protection management stations in 32 counties; Strengthen scientific research focusing on captive breeding and ecological research of giant pandas.
From 65438 to 0998, the state began to organize and implement the "Natural Forest Protection Project", completely banned the felling of natural forests in western provinces including Sichuan, Shaanxi and Gansu, and abolished or transformed state-owned forest industry enterprises, which played a very key role in protecting rare and endangered wild animals such as giant pandas and their habitats.
On 38+0-65438+February, 2006, as one of the six national forestry projects, the State Forestry Administration launched the "National Wildlife Protection and Nature Reserve Construction Project", which once again listed the giant panda and its habitat protection as key protected species and continued to give priority protection.
Five, strengthen the construction of giant panda protection management system.
The administrative system of giant panda protection in China consists of five levels of management institutions: central, provincial, municipal (state), county and nature reserve. The State Forestry Administration is in charge of the national giant panda protection work, and the local forestry authorities at all levels are responsible for the protection and management of giant pandas within their respective jurisdictions. Sichuan, Shaanxi and Gansu provinces have set up wildlife protection and management agencies in 6 cities and 45 counties where giant pandas are distributed, which are responsible for the protection of giant pandas within their respective jurisdictions. With the care and support of governments at all levels and all walks of life, the protection of giant pandas and their habitats in China has achieved remarkable results. The forestry departments of provinces, cities (prefectures) and counties (cities) where giant pandas are distributed have basically established full-time (part-time) protection institutions, and infrastructure construction, personnel capacity building, patrol, rescue, monitoring, community management, foreign exchanges and cooperation have developed steadily.
Immutable verb ex situ conservation of giant pandas
Ex situ conservation of giant pandas is a beneficial supplement to in situ conservation of giant pandas, that is, individual giant pandas in the wild are used as group builders to develop captive populations under artificial conditions to achieve the minimum self-sustaining scale. When the captive population reaches a certain level, it is necessary to prepare the captive individuals to be released into the wild in time, and finally establish a benign interaction between ex situ conservation and in situ conservation. At present, the national captive giant panda breeding and development system has basically taken shape, with Sichuan Wolong China Conservation Giant Panda Research Center as the leader, Sichuan Chengdu Giant Panda Breeding Base, Shaanxi Louguantai Giant Panda Rescue Center and Beijing Zoo as the focus.
The breeding of captive giant pandas in China has always faced the problems of "difficulty in estrus, difficulty in mating and conception, and difficulty in raising young and surviving"
Three major problems. With the joint efforts of researchers from many units headed by China Giant Panda Protection Research Center in Wolong, Sichuan, the "three difficulties" in captive giant panda breeding were overcome in the middle and late 1990s. From 1999, the captive giant panda population in China entered a period of rapid development. By the end of 2007, the number of captive giant pandas in China had reached 239, of which more than 70% were bred under artificial conditions, completely ending the situation of relying on wild giant pandas to maintain captive populations, basically entering the primary stage of self-maintenance, and having the ability to supplement giant pandas in the wild.
After substantial progress has been made in the population of captive giant pandas, the China municipal government started the experiment of releasing captive giant pandas into the wild in due course. In July, 2003, China Research Center for the Protection of Giant Panda released the captive giant panda Xiangxiang into the artificially controlled natural environment for a three-year field training to improve its field survival ability. In August, 2005, the State Forestry Administration and the Sichuan Provincial Government put the giant panda "Lin Sheng 1" rescued in Dujiangyan into Longxi Hongkou Nature Reserve, and tracked and monitored it with a GPS collar that automatically fell off at regular intervals, so as to further understand and master the wild life habits and activities of giant pandas, understand the adaptation of rescued giant pandas to strange environments, and lay the foundation for releasing captive individuals. In April, 2006, Xiangxiang, a giant panda trained for three years, was officially released into the pure wild environment of Wolong Nature Reserve to test the results of three years' training and implement "training instead of releasing". This is the first time that China has released captive giant pandas into the wild environment in a planned way, which indicates that the protection of giant pandas has begun to change from the stage of strengthening field rescue and artificial captivity to a new stage of wild release.