The embers of the Shanghai "1 1. 15" high-rise fire are still there, and another major accident occurred in Nanjing, resulting in 7 deaths and 3 injuries due to the collapse of the viaduct under construction. Previously, several accidents such as the collapse of major projects under construction were still filled with various media-
The collapse of the bridge under construction in Kunming New Airport, the collapse of the international convention and exhibition center under construction in Guiyang, the collapse of the bridge under construction in Huoshan, Anhui, and the "explosion accident" that killed 13 people in Nanjing.
Although some of these accidents are "under investigation", it is not difficult to see from the published conclusions that the culprit of almost every accident is "illegal operation, unlicensed operation, unqualified materials, subcontracting at different levels" and other reasons. The direct cause of the particularly serious fire accident in Shanghai, which killed 58 people, was the illegal operation of unlicensed welders, while the serious accident of the collapse of viaduct under construction in Nanjing was caused by illegal operation.
In other words, major accidents, especially major accidents, unlicensed operations and illegal operations are the main reasons. The lesson is so great and profound that it is not sad!
Then, people can't help asking: Why do the relevant departments stop work for rectification and impose severe economic penalties after each accident, although they invariably "extrapolate" and investigate the party discipline, political discipline and even legal responsibility of the person responsible for the accident? For example, in the catastrophic fire accident in Shanghai, criminal suspects 13 suspected of major accidents have been arrested according to law. It can be seen that our laws are not strict, the penalties imposed by the competent departments at all levels are not strong, and the attitude towards accidents from top to bottom is unambiguous. But how can casualty accidents happen frequently?
The reason is nothing more than illegal operation, luck, the order can not be made, and the security system has not really come down from the wall.
Judging from the many major accidents that have occurred since this year, some are accidents caused by production equipment or materials, others' work mistakes, non-others reasons and employees' illegal operations, among which the accidents caused by employees' illegal operations account for the vast majority.
Illegal operation is the culprit, and subcontracting has become a hotbed.
It really is!
Many fatal accidents with heavy lessons are actually caused by employees' weak sense of self-protection and serious illegal operation. Operating without a license, and going to work without safety disclosure. Without a hot card, it is illegal to use open flames. Do not wear safety helmet or enter the construction site according to the specifications. If you connect the power supply, just strip off and plug it into the power outlet, and so on. These accidents could have been completely avoided. Moreover, these accident-prone factors are all in the content of the employee safety production knowledge examination, which employees should know and should know. But some people generally ignore safety in production. You say yours and I will do mine, and you are lucky: "It can't be so coincidence!" . However, there are really "coincidences" or "just in case" in the world. Sometimes a fluky psychology can not only destroy yourself, but also kill others. Have we heard less of such painful blood lessons?
In addition to illegal operation and unlicensed employment, project subcontracting is also a major reason for frequent incidents.
According to media reports, the high-rise fire protection project of Jiaozhou Road in Shanghai was subcontracted at different levels: first, it was undertaken by Jiayi Building Decoration Engineering Company, and then the company's personnel signed a subcontract with two individuals, namely, an individual owner. After that, Zhimou subcontracted the project to Hao and Shen, and then Shen, who was in charge of electric welding, found unqualified welders and others for construction.
From the above facts, it is not difficult to find that the direct cause of the fire accident in Jiaozhou Road Building was caused by the illegal operation of unlicensed welders, and subcontracting at different levels served as a hotbed of fire accidents.
In fact, the project is subcontracted at different levels, and those who are qualified and capable to contract the project often do not directly engage in the project. This is a well-known and quite common phenomenon in the industry. Therefore, it is not difficult for people to understand the real version of "snake swallowing elephant": a construction unit with only 180 people can complete hundreds of millions of yuan of engineering workload in one year.
Due to the irregular construction market, low threshold, insufficient supply and fierce competition, some construction enterprises can only win the bid at low prices. Because the fees are too low, we can only choose those unqualified "guerrillas" to do it, and then charge them some "management fees"; The "guerrillas" often do not work directly, but also subcontract to other small teams. In this way, they subcontract and divest layer by layer, and everyone collects the "management fee", but no one does "management". In the end, the real work has long been unprofitable, and they can only rack their brains on materials and labor costs. In this case, it is obviously wishful thinking if the construction party is strictly required to pay for safety skills training, let special types of work be verified, and resolutely hold certificates.
Safety technical training puts on airs. This country has made it a dead letter.
In construction engineering, it is normal for safety technical training to become a mere formality. The national safety supervision department has reported such problems many times when investigating construction accidents. Undoubtedly, this has become a sticking point in the process of project management.
In fact, before each project starts, the project department has formulated a corresponding training plan, but this plan is often only reported to the superior, which is seamless in the peak period of construction, not to mention a large number of exits in the off-season of construction. In short, the project department will always have reasons and reasons to prevaricate the superior. Some projects can't be fooled, so just pose, go through the motions, find a few people temporarily and tell you according to the script. As for whether the post is close to reality, even if people in the audience don't listen, it doesn't matter if there are any specific effects. And these are all to reduce costs and expenses. Because it costs money to organize off-the-job training for employees, and it costs money to hire experts to give lectures, there is no money to be made from the original project. Isn't it a joke to spend money on training and collecting evidence? Who wants to do such a stupid thing?
According to Order No.30 issued by the State Administration of Work Safety in May this year, the Management Regulations on Safety Technology Training and Assessment of Special Operators came into effect on July 1 2065438. According to this regulation, the personnel engaged in special operations must undergo safety education and training, and after passing the examination by the competent department of production safety, they will be issued the People's Republic of China (PRC) Special Operation Certificate, and those who have obtained the qualification certificate can engage in this work. The special operation certificate is valid for 6 years, valid nationwide, and reviewed every 3 years 1 time.
In other words, special operations personnel must receive special safety technical training suitable for this type of work, pass the theoretical examination of safety technology and the examination of practical operation skills, and obtain the operation certificate of special operations before taking up their posts; Those who have not been trained or failed the training examination shall not be allowed to work at their posts. However, the training status of special types of work such as welders investigated by reporters is: "Qualification certificates can be bought with money."
At present, it is not uncommon for special projects to be employed without a license on large and small construction sites. For example, the inside story of the industry revealed after media investigation is surprising: Take welders as an example, among 10 welders, there are actually 3 qualified welders. The main reason is that the research cycle is long and troublesome. Therefore, many workers are unwilling to take the exam, and some even spend money directly to buy certificates. Many employers can't find so many certified masters, or they can only use skilled apprentices to save money. In this abnormal situation, illegal operations-for example, a viaduct under construction in Nanjing collapsed and went to work without a license-such as the "1 1. 15" particularly serious fire accident in Shanghai, often occur in large and small construction sites, and repeated fires and huge losses of people and property still cannot prevent such things from happening.
In addition, there is a phenomenon that can not be ignored, that is, the flow of construction personnel is too frequent, and the safety disclosure has just been completed. In a few days, there are many new faces in the construction team. Everyone is busy with their own work, and new and old employees rarely take the initiative to exchange safety precautions. Even some employees, in order to save trouble and seek efficiency, knowingly commit crimes, work with hidden dangers and "hide and seek" with safety supervisors, all of which bring great hidden dangers to safety management.
The occurrence of industrial accidents not only brought huge economic losses to enterprises, even lost market competitiveness, but also caused great pain to employees' body and mind. Therefore, strengthening safety production, preventing accidents and caring for employees' lives should have been the top priority of construction enterprises.
Strengthen self-protection and put an end to "two violations".
To ensure construction safety, we must first resolutely put an end to "illegal command" and "illegal operation" in the process of construction and production. "Two violations" is the taboo of safety production. To put an end to "two violations", leading cadres and project managers at all levels in enterprises should make great efforts in safety education and inspection, correctly handle the relationship between safety and production, enhance employees' safety awareness, and enable employees to establish the idea of "promoting production with safety, and production must be safe".
Secondly, leading cadres and project managers at all levels in enterprises should establish the concept of all staff, whole process and all-round when participating in enterprise safety production. All employees should popularize safety production knowledge education within the enterprise to improve the safety quality and accident prevention ability of all employees. The whole process is that there are safety problems in every work and every link of the enterprise. Preventive measures should be taken to actively eliminate unsafe factors in the production process. Comprehensive means that from top to bottom, all aspects should attach importance to safety at all times, and safety should be put first everywhere.
The third is to implement the responsibility system for safe production and rectify hidden dangers in time; At the same time, standardize labor and employment, seriously carry out safety technical training, ensure the safety of construction personnel, society and society, fundamentally prevent or put an end to accidents and ensure safe production.
As employees, we can't joke about our lives at any time. Compared with the most precious life, the economic loss of an enterprise is still a trivial matter. Money can always be earned, but life is one's own, which can't make up for or recover the physical injury or even the loss of life. Even if a work-related injury leads to disability, you can pay the disability fee, but for life, the loss is huge, which will cause heavy physical and mental burden and lifelong regret.
Therefore, each of us should always keep the string of safety tense, sound the alarm, firmly establish the consciousness of self-protection, resolutely put an end to any illegal behavior, and let ourselves work and live safely and happily in a normal and harmonious working environment.
It is winter now, and the unsafe factors are increasing. Construction enterprises should strengthen the safety awareness of construction personnel, control key projects, and promptly investigate potential safety hazards, and do a good job in the "seven precautions in winter" work of cold prevention, antifreeze, fire prevention, gas poisoning prevention, falling from a height, lifting injury prevention and electrical injury prevention, so as to prevent all kinds of accidents and ensure the smooth progress of construction production.