Common sense of safe use of electricity in chemical plants to prevent electric shock accidents. 1 there are three main reasons for electric shock accidents in chemical plants: first, the organizational measures for electrical safety are not perfect; Second, the electrical safety protection facilities are not perfect; Third, electrical safety education is not implemented.

Therefore, in order to prevent the occurrence of electric shock accidents, we must do a good job in these three aspects, and we must not neglect them. 2 Improve the electrical safety organization Electrician is a special type of work in chemical plants, and it is also one of the accident-prone types of work. Therefore, electricians must have rich knowledge of electrical safety.

Electricians must go through formal study and training, pass the examination and obtain the electrician operation certificate before taking up their posts. The safety technology department and the electrical department of the chemical plant should be equipped with experienced electricians as or concurrently as workshop safety officers.

The main duties of the electrical safety officer are: to implement various safety rules and regulations and various safety technical measures, and to contact the safety technical department and the electrical department to solve major electrical safety problems. 3 Electrical inspection includes the following contents (1): check whether the insulation of electrical lines and equipment is intact, and measure the insulation resistance value if necessary; (2) Whether the protective grounding and zero connection of various electrical equipment are reliable and whether the protective device meets the requirements; (3) Check whether the electric shock protector and working voltage of various mobile appliances (such as hand drills, low-voltage running lights, mobile fans, etc.) are normal. ) are qualified and meet the requirements; (4) Whether the installation position of the newly installed electrical equipment is reasonable and safe and reliable (5) Whether the safety appliances such as insulating gloves, insulating boots and insulating pads are complete, and if necessary, the pressure resistance inspection should be carried out; (6) Whether the electrical fire extinguishing equipment is complete and effective; (7) Check the implementation of the electrical safety system of each team. 4. Improve the electrical safety protection facilities. Electrical safety protection facilities, including the safety shielding and protection of electrical equipment, and the selection of electrical equipment during design and installation shall meet the technical requirements of electrical safety.

Therefore, if unsafe factors are found in the inspection of electrical safety specialty, they should be rectified in time to eliminate hidden dangers. 5. Implement safety education for employees. In addition to special training for electricians, the employees of the whole factory should also conduct regular electricity safety education.

The purpose of safe electricity use education is to make workers understand the basic knowledge of electricity use and master the basic methods of safe electricity use. It is more important to know the importance of safe use of electricity.

6. In the education of chemical workers' electricity safety, besides the basic knowledge of electricity consumption, the safe operation of common gases in the car and the seriousness of electric shock accidents, it is also required to achieve "ten prohibitions" on electricity safety. (1) No one is allowed to play with electrical equipment and switches; (2) Non-electricians are not allowed to disassemble and repair electrical equipment and appliances. If wires, switches, lamp holders and sockets are found to be damaged, you should contact an electrician for maintenance in time; (3) It is not allowed to connect the electrical equipment without permission, and the power cord of the electrical appliance is not allowed to be directly plugged into the socket. (4) Electrical equipment with damaged insulation is not allowed to be used; (5) No unauthorized use of electrical equipment and light bulbs for heating; (6) Don't flush electrical equipment with water, and don't use wet hands and metal objects to pull the live gas switch; (7) The fuse is blown, and it is not allowed to replace the fuse with inconsistent capacity; 8) Do not move electrical safety signs, fences and other safety facilities without authorization; (9) It is not allowed to use the electrical equipment of the machine under maintenance; (10) It is forbidden to use stoves or blowtorches near live wires and live equipment, or near heating equipment or steam pipes.

Steel tape and leather tape cannot be used for measuring around live equipment. 7 The rule of electric shock accident is 1. Seasonality of electric shock accidents. Generally, there are more electric shock accidents in summer than in other seasons.

According to statistics, among the electric shock accidents from June to September, low-voltage electric shock accidents accounted for about 80% of the annual low-voltage electric shock accidents; High-voltage electric shock accounts for 40% of high-voltage electric shock accidents in the whole year. In the dispute of high and low voltage electric shock accidents, August is the highest month in a year.

There are seasonality, the main reasons are as follows. (1) In summer, the temperature is high, the clothes worn by workers are thin, and the exposed area of human skin is large. In the parts covered by clothes, the chances of getting an electric shock will increase due to the sweat and humidity of the human body or the humidity of the air, and the consequences will be more serious.

(2) Poor rest at night in summer leads to inattention at work or electric shock due to operational errors. (3) Summer is also a season with high failure rate of electrical equipment. Often due to the influence of high temperature, humidity, rainstorm, lightning, hail and other factors, the probability of equipment and lines failure increases; Therefore, the maintenance workload increases, which also increases the chance of electric shock; (4) Most chemical plants are scheduled to be overhauled in June 6- 10/0, so the chances of contact with electricity increase.

2. The low-voltage electric shock accident is higher than the high-voltage electric shock accident (1). Because the use and maintenance opportunities of low-voltage equipment are more than those of high-voltage, the chances of electric shock increase; (2) Most people who use or operate low-voltage electrical equipment are non-electricians, and the number of people is large, which increases the chance of electric shock; The operators of high-voltage equipment are mostly professional electricians, with a small number and low accident rate; (3) People who use low-voltage equipment often pay insufficient attention to safety protection, so the number of contact motors will also increase. 3. Most of the redundant electricians (1) who directly operate the electrical equipment due to electric shock accidents are non-electricians, because there are many people and there are many opportunities for electric shock; (2) Non-electricians' electrical knowledge and safety awareness are relatively insufficient, which makes the consequences of electric shock more serious.

3. When using hand-held power tools and mobile electrical equipment, the failure rate of electric shock is more than that when using fixed electrical equipment (1). When using hand-held power tools, the vibration is large, which is easy to cause insulation damage or structural damage, resulting in electric shock accidents. (2) The power cord of the hand-held electric tool is easy to wear at the lead-out part. Once the core wire is exposed or touches the metal shell, it will cause an electric shock accident. (3) The grounding (zero connection) protection of the metal shell of many hand-held electric tools has not really played its role. If the plug part has a protective wire, the socket part has no protective wire, or the protective wire itself is broken or separated from the terminal, it is easy to cause an electric shock accident; (4) The power supply is not cut off when the tool stops or the mobile electrical equipment moves, and the power cord is pulled off or crushed, resulting in an electric shock accident; (5) When using these tools or equipment, they are often held tightly and are not easy to get an electric shock.

2. The more knowledge about safe electricity use, the better.

There are many electrical equipment in the factory, and each worker has more opportunities to contact electrical equipment.

But as a new worker, you must master the following basic knowledge of electricity safety: 1. Don't touch the electrical equipment in the workshop. If the electrical parts of the equipment and tools used by yourself are out of order, they shall not be repaired without permission, nor shall they be operated with diseases. Please ask an electrician to repair it at once.

2. The distribution box, switchboard, knife switch, button switch, socket, bolt, wire, etc. that you often contact and use must be kept intact and safe, and must not be damaged or the live parts come out. 3. When operating the knife switch and the magnetic switch, the cover must be covered to prevent the arc or fuse from blowing at a moderate level.

4. The shell of electrical equipment used must be grounded or protected by zero in accordance with relevant safety regulations. Check grounding or fragmentary facilities frequently.

Make sure the connection is firm, and the ground wire or zero wire shall not be disconnected. Otherwise, grounding or zero connection will not work.

5. When it is necessary to move some unfixed electrical equipment, such as fans, lighting lamps, electric welding machines, etc. The power supply must be cut off before moving. At the same time, the wires should be wrapped and not dragged around on the ground to avoid wear and tear.

If the wire is caught by an object, don't pull it hard to prevent it from breaking. 6. When using hand-held electric tools such as hand drills and electric grinding wheels, it is extremely unsafe and easy to cause electric shock accidents.

Therefore, we must pay attention to the following accidents: (1) A leakage protector must be installed, and the metal of the tool should have protective grounding or zero connection. (2) The wires, pins and sockets of single-phase hand-held power tools must meet the requirements of single-phase three eyes; The wires, pins and sockets of three-phase hand-held power tools must meet the requirements of single-phase and four-eyes.

One of them is used to prevent zero connection. At the same time, it is forbidden to directly plug the wire into the socket for use.

(3) Wear insulating gloves when operating and stand on the insulating board. Be careful not to press the workpiece and other heavy objects on the conductor to prevent electric shock from rolling off the conductor.

7. The local lighting voltage used on the workbench and machine tool shall not exceed 36V. 8. The portable lamp used should have a good insulated handle and a metal shield.

The metal socket of the light bulb shall not be exposed. The lead-out wire should be a sheathed double-core flexible wire and equipped with a "T" plug to prevent it from being plugged into the socket.

In general places, especially dangerous places, the voltage of traveling lamps shall not exceed 36V. Such as boilers, metal containers, wet ditches, etc. , the voltage shall not exceed 12V.

9. In general, it is forbidden to use temporary lines. If it must be used, it must be approved by the motor department and the safety department.

At the same time, temporary lines should be installed according to relevant safety regulations. Don't just pull.

At the same time, it should be dismantled according to the specified time. 10. For operations prone to electrostatic fire and explosion accidents (such as cleaning parts with gasoline, wiping metal plates, etc.), a good grounding device must be provided. ) in order to guide away the accumulated static electricity in time.

1 1. During a thunderstorm, stay away from the grounding conductors of high-voltage poles, iron towers and lightning rods within 20m, so as to avoid lightning flowing into the ground and generating step voltage to get an electric shock. 12. When the high-voltage line is disconnected to the ground, it is within the range of 10m around the disconnection point. In order to prevent step voltage operation, jump out of the danger zone with one foot or two feet.

13. In case of electrical fire, immediately cut off the power supply and use fire-fighting equipment such as yellow sand, carbon dioxide and carbon tetrachloride to put out the fire. Never use water or foam extinguisher to put out the fire.

Because they are dangerous to conduct electricity. When putting out a fire, be careful not to touch any part of the body and the mouth gag device with wires and electrical equipment to prevent electric shock.

14. When cleaning and wiping the equipment, it is forbidden to wash the electrical facilities with water or wipe the electrical facilities with a wet rag to prevent short circuit and electric shock accidents.

3. What are the common measures to use electricity safely in factories?

Mainly take two measures: one is management measures, and the other is technical measures. The specific method is as follows:

(l) The safety management department of the factory should regularly check the safe use of electricity and educate employees on safe use of electricity.

(2) In the high-voltage power supply and high-voltage equipment, post high-voltage danger warning signs and use metal mesh isolation screens.

(3) Take protective grounding measures, that is, connect the metal shell of electrical equipment with the earth.

(4) Take protective earthing measures, that is, connect the metal shell of electrical equipment with the neutral wire (zero wire) in the three-phase four-wire system. In order to play a safer and more reliable protection role, a three-phase five-wire transmission system is adopted, that is, the working zero line is separated from the protection line, so that no current passes through the protection line.

(5) Adopt 1: 1 transformer.

It can isolate the power supply and ensure the safe use of electrical equipment.

(6) Take protective cut-off measures. At present, there are two kinds of cutting devices widely used in factories. One is that when the human body approaches the high-voltage restricted area or the work restricted area, the protection cut-off device immediately cuts off the power supply and sends out a signal (such as an electric bell or light); The second is to use leakage protector, when the shell of electrical equipment has electricity, cut off the power immediately.

4. Precautionary measures for enterprises to use electricity safely

(1) Instructions for safe electricity use in enterprises 1. In order to ensure the safety of power consumption in the factory, floor fans, hand drills and other mobile electrical equipment must be equipped with leakage protection switches.

Always check the leakage protection switch, try to jump at least once a month, and replace it immediately if it fails. After the fuse is blown or the leakage protection switch trips, the reason must be found out, and the power transmission can only be resumed after the fault is eliminated.

2. Never replace the fuse with copper wire, aluminum wire or iron wire. Please replace the air switch immediately after it is damaged. The size of fuse and air switch must match the power consumption, otherwise it will easily lead to electric shock or electrical fire. 3. The metal shell of electrical equipment must be reliably connected with the protective wire. Single-phase electricity should be connected by three-core cable, and three-phase electricity should be connected by four-core cable.

The protection is reliably connected with the protection zero line or grounding device of outdoor low-voltage power grid. The protective neutral wire must be repeatedly grounded.

4. Where cables or wires are connected or broken, they should be wrapped with electrical tape, not with medical tape, and not with nylon paper. Don't plug the wire directly into the socket to use electricity.

5, electrical appliances found smoking, burning smell or fire after electrifying, should immediately cut off the power supply, shall not use water or foam extinguisher to put out the fire. 6. Don't touch lamp holders, switches, plugs and sockets and electrical appliances with wet hands.

When the switch, socket and electrical appliance are damaged or the shell is damaged, it should be repaired or replaced in time, and it cannot be used without repair. 7. Don't pull and connect the wires in the workshop. Do not use multi-port and worn wires to prevent electric shock.

8, electric stove, soldering iron and other heating appliances shall not be placed directly on the board or near flammable items, and electric heating appliances without automatic control shall be turned off after use to avoid fire. 9. Mobile appliances in the factory, such as floor fans, portable grinders, hand drills and other electric tools, must be installed and protected by single machine with leakage protection switches.

10. If someone gets an electric shock, don't pull the electrocuted person with your hands. Turn on the power switch as soon as possible or connect the wires with dry wooden sticks or bamboo poles, and immediately use the correct artificial respiration method for on-site rescue. 1 1. The licensed electrician shall be responsible for the installation and maintenance of electrical equipment.

12, stealing power facilities endangers public safety, destroys industrial and agricultural production, and interrupts people's daily electricity consumption. Everyone came to report him. (II) Knowledge of enterprise's safe use of electricity During the operation of electrical equipment, various faults and abnormal operation may occur due to external influences such as impact pressure, humidity, foreign body invasion or internal material defects, aging, wear, heat, insulation damage and misoperation, so electrical equipment must be protected.

The protection of electrical equipment generally includes overload protection, short circuit protection, undervoltage and voltage loss protection, phase failure protection and misoperation protection. 1, overload protection overload protection refers to the situation that the load current of electrical equipment exceeds the rated current.

Long-term overload will cause overheating of current-carrying parts and insulation materials of equipment, thus accelerating the aging or damage of insulation. The equipment has overload capability, that is, it has certain overload capability without endangering safety.

Overload protection shall be provided for continuously running motors. Electrical equipment is equipped with devices that automatically cut off current or limit current growth, such as automatic air switch and delay current relay, as overload protection.

2. Short-circuit protection Electrical equipment collides with each other for various reasons, resulting in a sudden increase in current, which is called short circuit. Short circuit is generally divided into two types: interphase short circuit and grounding short circuit.

The damage of short circuit instantly releases a lot of heat, which damages the insulation of electrical equipment and even burns it down. Large short-circuit current may generate great electromotive force in electrical equipment, resulting in mechanical deformation and even damage of electrical equipment.

Short circuit may also lead to a significant voltage drop at the fault point and nearby areas, affecting the quality of power grid. Short-circuit protection should be set at the power receiving part of the protected line.

Electrical equipment generally adopts fuses, automatic air switches and overcurrent relays as short-circuit protection measures. 3. Under-voltage and voltage-loss protection electrical equipment should be able to cut off the power supply in time when the grid voltage is too low, and at the same time, it will not start automatically when the grid voltage recovers after power supply interruption, that is, it has the ability of under-voltage and voltage-loss protection.

Self-starting of power equipment will cause mechanical damage and personal accidents. If the voltage is too low, the load such as motor will be overloaded.

Electrical equipment usually adopts interlocking control of energy receiver and zero start of handle as protection measures for undervoltage and voltage loss. 4. Lack of phase protection The so-called lack of phase refers to the lack of one phase of mutual power supply or the disconnection of any of the three phases.

The reasons of power supply line disconnection are: poor contact of low-voltage fuse or knife; Contactors are burnt due to long-term frequent actions and cannot be reliably connected; The fuse is oxidized and corroded due to too long use time, so that it is blown by the impact of starting current and the motor outlet box or terminal is disconnected. In addition, due to the increase of power supply system capacity, fuse is used as short-circuit protection, which also increases the possibility of motor open-phase operation.

To this end, the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) stipulates that wherever fuse protection is used, there must be protective devices to prevent phase break. 5. Prevent misoperation In order to prevent misoperation, the equipment should have signs or signs that can be protected for a long time and are easy to identify and remove.

These signs give the main features required for the safe use of the equipment. For example, rated parameters, connection mode, grounding sign, danger sign, description of possible special operation types and operating conditions, etc.

Due to the limited conditions of the equipment itself, if it is impossible to inject on it, there should be installation or operation instructions, and users should know the precautions. Emergency switches shall be installed in the electrical control circuit according to regulations, with measures to prevent misoperation and corresponding interlocking or limit protection.

In complex safety technical systems, automatic monitoring devices should be installed. In practical work, we should focus on preventing the following electrical misoperation: 1, double-throw circuit breaker.

2. Mechanical interlocking combined air switch. 3. Electrical interlocking control of AC contactor.

5. What measures are there for workshop electricity safety?

For reference only:

1 Electrical operation is a special operation, and the operators (electricians) must be trained and certified.

2. The electrical equipment in the workshop shall not be touched casually. If there is something wrong with the electrical equipment, please call an electrician to repair it. It is not allowed to repair without authorization, and it is not allowed to run with faults.

3. Distribution boxes, switchboards, switches, sockets, pins, wires, etc. that are frequently contacted and used must be kept intact and safe, and there must be no damaged or live parts.

4. When operating the knife switch and magnetic switch, the cover must be covered.

5. The shell of electrical equipment shall be protected by grounding or zero connection in accordance with relevant safety regulations.

6. When using hand-held electric tools such as hand drills and electric grinding wheels, a leakage protector must be installed, and the metal shell of the tool should be grounded or connected to zero; Wear insulating gloves when operating and stand on the insulating board; Don't press heavy objects on the conductor to prevent electric shock from rolling the conductor.

7. The portable lamp used should be safe voltage with good insulated handle and metal shield.

8. When doing electrical work, we must strictly abide by the safety operation procedures. Don't pretend to understand or touch anything you don't understand.

9. Generally speaking, temporary lines should be banned. If it must be used, it shall be approved by the competent department, and safety precautions shall be taken to dismantle it within the specified time.

10, which is necessary for operations prone to electrostatic fire and explosion accidents (such as cleaning parts with gasoline and wiping metal plates, etc.). ).

Good grounding device to eliminate accumulated static electricity in time.

1 1, the power supply must be cut off before moving unstable electrical equipment, such as electric fans, lighting lamps, welding machines, test equipment, etc.

12, thunderstorm weather, don't walk into the grounding conductor of high-voltage poles, iron towers and lightning rods within 20 meters, so as to avoid stepping voltage to get an electric shock.

13, in case of electrical fire, immediately cut off the power supply, with yellow sand, carbon dioxide, dry powder and other fire extinguishing equipment. Do not use water or

Foam extinguisher can put out fires because they are dangerous to conduct electricity.

6. What are the precautions for electricity safety?

With the continuous improvement of living standards, there are more and more places to use electricity in life.

Therefore, it is necessary for us to master the following basic common sense of safe electricity use: L. Know the main switch of power supply and learn to turn off the main power supply in an emergency. 2. Don't touch and test the inside of the power socket with your hands or conductive objects (such as wire, nails, pins and other metal products).

3. Don't touch the appliance with wet hands or wipe it with wet cloth. 4, electrical appliances should be unplugged after use; Do not pull the wire forcibly when plugging and unplugging the power plug to prevent the insulation layer of the wire from being damaged and causing electric shock; The insulation layer of the wire is peeling off, so it is necessary to replace the wire in time or wrap it with insulating tape.

5, found someone get an electric shock to try to turn off the power in time; Or use dry wooden sticks and other things to separate the electric shock victim from the charged electrical appliances, and don't save people directly by hand; Younger students should ask adults for help in this situation, and don't handle it by themselves to prevent electric shock. 6. Don't disassemble or install the power cord, socket and plug at will.

Even if it is as simple as installing a light bulb, it should be turned off first and carried out under the guidance of parents.

7. What is the common sense of safe electricity use in life?

1, the power cord and electrical equipment must be well insulated, and the live parts such as lamp holders, sockets and switches shall not be exposed to prevent electric shock.

2, don't pull the wire, to prevent electric shock or fire.

3, don't stand on the wet ground to move charged objects or try to clean charged household appliances with a wet rag to prevent electric shock.

4, fuse selection should be reasonable, avoid using copper wire, aluminum wire or iron wire instead, in case of fire.

5, the use of household appliances such as refrigerators, freezers, washing machines, etc. , should be equipped with grounding wire socket according to the requirements of product use.

6. When repairing or replacing the lamp holder, even if the switch is turned off, do not touch it directly by hand to prevent electric shock.