With the continuous development of economy, the competition among enterprises is more intense. In order to make enterprises in a favorable competitive position and maximize their interests, it is necessary to have lower product costs, so it is very important to purchase cheap and good materials. Therefore, strengthening enterprise procurement management is an important link in enterprise production and operation activities. This paper analyzes how to strengthen procurement management and puts forward corresponding measures.

First, the development of enterprise procurement principles

It is an important aspect of purchasing management to formulate the purchasing principles of enterprises, and it is also the criterion of purchasing activities of enterprises, so that all purchasing activities of enterprises can be based on evidence.

1, inquiry pricing principle

Inquiry pricing means that such materials are purchased directly from the market by the buyer, without bidding, and the principle of shopping around must be observed. There must be more than three suppliers to provide quotations. On the basis of weighing factors such as quality, price, delivery time, delivery or not, after-sales service, reputation and customer base, we make a comprehensive evaluation and weigh the advantages and disadvantages. Finalize the supplier and agree on the final purchase price, except temporary emergency purchase and directional purchase.

2, the principle of signing a contract

Signing a procurement contract is the guarantee of material procurement activities, and also provides a legal basis for future business disputes. Generally speaking, it is not necessary to sign a purchase and sale contract for materials purchased sporadically, because the quantity is small and scattered, and it is complicated to sign a contract. It is only necessary to purchase according to the requirements of the approved material purchase application form. Bulk purchase of materials must sign a contract for the purchase and sale of materials. The contents of the contract should be complete and clearly written. At the same time, it should meet the requirements of the Economic Contract Law and the Material Purchase Application Form. Payment terms must conform to the company's financial system. After the company's leaders in charge review, the general manager or authorized relevant agent will sign the contract.

3, the principle of bidding and purchasing

All bulk or frequently used materials, such as raw materials, accessories, packaging materials, office supplies, etc. , should be purchased through batch bidding. When inviting tenders, relevant departments such as production, quality, finance, procurement and general manager office participate, determine suppliers according to the bidding results, and then sign a supply agreement, thus simplifying the procurement procedures and improving work efficiency. For materials whose prices change rapidly with the market, in addition to shortening the bidding interval, the purchase price should be adjusted at any time with the mastery of the market situation.

4, the principle of separation of duties

The buyer is responsible for communicating with suppliers, and the quality inspection and warehouse personnel are responsible for the acceptance of materials. The buyer cannot accept materials into the warehouse. If the buyer needs assistance in the acceptance process, the buyer should actively cooperate. The quality, quantity and delivery time of purchased materials shall be implemented according to the requirements of the purchase requisition and supply agreement.

5, the principle of planned procurement

According to the needs of production and operation, determine the variety and quantity of material procurement, order according to production, and prevent the backlog caused by procurement. The materials or services ordered by the procurement personnel must be consistent with the specifications, models and quantities listed in the procurement application form. If the requirements of the requisitioning department cannot be met or the cost is too high, the information should be fed back in time so that the requisitioning department can change the requisition. If the quantity cannot be completely consistent with the purchase requisition due to some circumstances, it must be reported to the approver of the purchase plan before implementation. If the purchase situation changes, it does not meet the requirements of the purchase requisition or is purchased without approval, the buyer in charge will be responsible for the losses caused, and the warehouse will not accept the warehousing.

6, the principle of price priority

Purchasing personnel should establish supplier information files and price change information tables of common raw materials according to the company's common materials, actively develop new suppliers, explore procurement channels and reduce direct procurement costs. Track the market supply and demand and price trends, select suppliers with high quality and low price, trustworthy and thoughtful service, and realize the best procurement.

Second, establish a reasonable supervision and management mechanism to improve the overall quality of procurement personnel.

It is an important part of procurement management to establish a systematic procurement supervision system and eliminate loopholes in the procurement process. The loopholes in the procurement process can be said to be everywhere. For example, problems in the procurement of machinery and equipment are common in our national enterprises. What is the reason? It is the lack of supervision in all aspects of procurement (drawing review, machine acceptance, machine installation and debugging, etc.). ). In order to establish a procurement control system, incompatible work must never be completed by one person. For example, a bidding team with different division of labor should be set up in the bidding work to achieve the purpose of bidding, otherwise bidding is just a form. In large group enterprises, it is necessary to establish a procurement supervision organization, whose function is to understand the market situation, supervise and inspect the work of procurement personnel, make the procurement business of enterprises enter a reasonable and legal channel, seek the minimization of material procurement costs, and improve the core competitiveness of enterprise products. While doing a good job of supervision, we should also improve the professional, cultural and moral quality of procurement personnel. First of all, procurement personnel are required to strengthen the study of business knowledge, improve their professional quality, and strictly abide by the company's rules and regulations and national laws and regulations. Secondly, buyers are required not to accept gifts and banquets, and it is strictly forbidden to ask suppliers for money and goods. Thirdly, strictly follow the company's procurement management system and process, strictly guard against ultra vires procurement, strictly keep company secrets, and prevent buyers from colluding with suppliers to harm the company's interests. Hire professionals to conduct business training for procurement personnel, so that they can work seriously and responsibly with excellent professional quality, grasp the market information related to procurement business in time, avoid mistakes, and not cause losses to the company because of their own work mistakes.

Third, formulate reasonable procurement procedures and methods.

Enterprises should formulate reasonable procurement procedures according to their actual situation and the needs of production and operation, and different materials should formulate different procurement procedures according to their different properties to meet the needs of production and operation.

First of all, the selection and audit of suppliers should do the following. First, suppliers of raw and auxiliary materials must have complete licenses and legal certificates for producing products. Suppliers who change raw and auxiliary materials must undergo sample delivery inspection, pilot test and pilot test, and obtain the consent of the production and quality inspection departments. When necessary, it shall be reported to the relevant administrative departments for approval and filing. In order to ensure the quality stability of raw materials and packaging materials, suppliers under the same conditions should also be relatively stable. Second, for bulk and frequently used raw materials or services, the procurement department should fully understand and master the supplier's production management, production capacity, quality control, cost control, transportation, after-sales service and other aspects, establish supplier files, keep business records, and conduct regular investigations and evaluations with the production, technology, quality and procurement departments of the enterprise. Thirdly, when selecting suppliers for purchasing fixed assets and sporadic materials, it is necessary to conduct inquiry and pricing procedures and comprehensive evaluation. When a supplier is an intermediary, its reputation, supply ability, technical service ability, credit standing and previous service objects should be investigated. The supplier's quotation cannot be the only decisive factor. Fourth, in order to ensure the smooth supply channels, we should introduce a competitive mechanism and invite public bidding for procurement when necessary. In order to prevent accidents, there should be three or more suppliers as candidate suppliers or directly purchase raw and auxiliary materials necessary for production and operation. Bulk materials should be supplied by more than three suppliers at the same time to ensure reasonable supply, quality and price. Fifth, for sporadic and complicated materials, according to the annual (or semi-annual or quarterly) purchasing budget of the department, it is planned to make a table and submit it to the purchasing department for inquiry from more than three suppliers. After comprehensive evaluation by relevant departments and purchasing departments, select suitable suppliers, sign special supply agreements and settle accounts regularly.

Secondly, different materials procurement procedures and methods are different. I. Operating procedures of raw materials and packaging materials: First, the procurement of raw materials and packaging materials is managed according to the plan, and quantitative procurement is carried out according to the production plan. It is strictly forbidden to purchase beyond the plan. The formulation of its procurement plan is a closed planning process from sales order or plan → production plan → raw and auxiliary materials demand plan → safety inventory → procurement plan to the end. Secondly, the user department shall fill in the Material Purchase Application Form (format attached) according to the plan, and write down the quantity, specification, model, quality standard, technical index, production process, material and required delivery date of the purchased materials, and submit them to the purchasing department, which shall fill in the Purchase Schedule according to the inventory situation and market situation, and then the price controller shall review and sign it, and then the general manager or the competent deputy general manager shall sign it for approval. Procurement personnel are responsible for the negotiation of contract terms, establishing payment applications, claims, procurement files and collecting market information. At the same time, contact with suppliers and manufacturers about the time, mode, arrival, quality feedback, after-sales service and other matters. Finally, the quality inspection department is responsible for the quality inspection of raw and auxiliary packaging and other materials (including specifications and models) and issues inspection reports. The warehouse supervisor is responsible for receiving goods, keeping account records, issuing quantity acceptance reports and issuing material receipts, and delivering the material receipts to the warehouse bookkeeper on the same day and inputting them into the computer in time, so as to achieve daily settlement. Secondly, the operation process of spare parts is: all spare parts must have a purchase application before purchasing, and after the application is passed, the buyer will fill in the purchase plan and approve it. Spare parts without purchase plan cannot be put into storage. Therefore, the phenomenon of unauthorized purchase can be prevented and the backlog of materials can be avoided. Purchase application should be formatted and linked according to the requirements of enterprise management. The application form shall indicate the procurement items, specifications, suggested units and prices, required delivery time, purposes, etc. The purchase application shall be filled in by the corresponding department, approved and signed by the leaders in charge, so as to make the division of labor clear and facilitate the material inventory assessment. For example, the purchase application form of machinery and equipment parts is filled in by the user department, reviewed and signed by the person in charge of the equipment department, and the purchase application form of common spare parts is filled in by the warehouse, reviewed and signed by the leader in charge of this part, and finally approved by the leader in charge of production and operation. The buyer fills in the purchase plan according to the purchase requisition, indicating the purchasing unit, quantity and unit price, and then submits the purchase plan for approval before purchasing. The warehouse shall accept and put into storage according to the quantity and unit price on the purchase plan. If the price is abnormal (higher than before), contact the buyer in time and report the actual situation to the competent leader. After finding out the reason, the warehousing formalities can only be handled after approval.

Fourth, build an online procurement platform.

Make full use of the modern developed network world and network resources to establish a reasonable and perfect online procurement platform for enterprises. Online procurement platform refers to the bidding and purchasing platform built by enterprises based on the Internet, which uses modern network technology to carry out the information release, bidding, quotation and calibration of procurement projects on the computer network. Network procurement can realize the electronic networking of enterprise procurement data and information, greatly reduce the demand for written documents and information, reduce the dependence on traditional communication tools such as telephone and fax, greatly save office expenses and labor costs, improve procurement efficiency and reduce procurement costs; Using the characteristics of openness and transparency of the network, the procurement project has formed the most effective competition, which can better reflect the openness, fairness and justice of procurement and effectively ensure the quality of procurement; It can standardize the operation and supervision of procurement procedures, greatly reduce the human interference factors in the procurement process, and put an end to the "black box" operation and procurement of procurement.

Purchasing management is a profound management science. With the continuous development of social economy and fierce competition among enterprises, procurement management has been paid more and more attention by entrepreneurs.

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