1. Flat tongue can be basically distinguished, but not all, such as Chu (Su), Shi (Si), Shu (Su), Zheng (Zen) and Ugly (Ce);

2. Tone sandhi (depending on the tone of the words behind) is not yin. The general features are as follows:

(1) Rusheng+Pingdiao: Rusheng is an ascending tone, almost unvoiced;

(2) Rusheng+Ascending Tone or Ascending Tone: Rusheng is a falling tone, similar to the flat tone with high bass, which is easily mistaken for Rusheng.

(3) Entering tone+silence: Entering tone is the standard tone.

(4) Rusheng word is at the end of the sentence: it is also a standard sound.

(5) Rusheng+Rusheng: The Rusheng in front is a falling tone, followed by a standard tone.

3. Nasal sounds are complicated, including some original non-nasal words, all of which are nasalized (pay attention to the phonetic changes of specific words). Regardless of n and l, most of them are pronounced l; As for the nasal sounds before and after: