Causes of bronchitis in children
Children's bronchitis is called bronchiolitis. The main pathogen of bronchiolitis is respiratory syncytial virus, which can account for more than 80%. Others include adenovirus, parainfluenza virus, rhinovirus and influenza virus. A few cases can be caused by mycoplasma pneumoniae. After being infected by the virus, the tiny bronchioles are congested, edema and mucus secretion increase, and the necrotic mucosal epithelial cells fall off and block the lumen, leading to obvious emphysema and atelectasis. Inflammation can usually involve alveoli, alveolar walls and interstitial lung, so it can be considered as a special type of pneumonia.
Capillary bronchitis, different from ordinary bronchitis or bronchitis, has similar clinical symptoms to pneumonia, but it mainly occurs in children under 2.5 years old, 1 year old accounts for 80%, and children under 6 months are mostly. Typical bronchiolitis often occurs 2-3 days after upper respiratory tract infection, accompanied by persistent dry cough and fever. Body temperature is characterized by moderate to low fever and wheezing. On the 2nd and 3rd day after wheezing, the patient was seriously ill, and his breathing was obviously accelerated during wheezing attack, reaching more than 60-80 times per minute, accompanied by prolonged breathing and wheezing. Severe children are obviously characterized by nasal congestion and "three concave signs" (that is, supraclavicular fossa, suprasternal fossa and upper abdomen depression when inhaling), pale face, blue mouth, or cyanosis, and children are often agitated and groaning; Children with severe illness may be complicated with heart failure or respiratory failure, and most cases can be relieved after treatment, with fewer deaths.
Most of them are infected by viruses and bacteria. According to epidemiological investigation, there are rhinovirus, syncytial virus, influenza virus and rubella virus. Common bacteria are pneumococcus, hemolytic streptococcus, staphylococcus, influenza bacillus, salmonella and diphtheria bacillus. In addition, sudden temperature change, air pollution, anatomical and physiological characteristics of children's respiratory tract, allergic factors, and low immune function are all causes of this disease.
Symptoms of bronchitis in children
The age of 1 is more common in children under 1, especially in infants under 6 months.
2. It can occur all year round, but it is more common in winter and spring.
3, the onset is more urgent, with symptoms before catching a cold, such as coughing and sneezing. 1-2 days later, the cough became worse, and paroxysmal dyspnea, wheezing, pallor, cyanosis of lips and three concave signs appeared. Early signs of lung were mainly wheezing, followed by wet sound. Severe symptoms may be accompanied by congestive heart failure, respiratory failure, hypoxic encephalopathy and water-electrolyte disorder. Generally, the body temperature does not exceed 38.5℃, and the course of disease is 1-2 weeks.
4. White blood cells are normal or slightly elevated. Blood gas analysis showed hypoxemia, and arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide decreased or increased. Chest X-ray shows thicker lung texture, enhanced transparency of both lungs or small shadows and atelectasis. If possible, the respiratory secretion virus can be quickly diagnosed to determine the virus type.
What tests should children with bronchitis do?
What examination should children with acute bronchitis do? Chest rales, thick or light, are mostly moderately moist rales, mainly scattered in the lower chest, which can be temporarily relieved after coughing up secretions. Occasionally, due to excessive sputum accumulation in the bronchus, the breathing sound can be reduced, but it will return to normal after coughing up sputum.
1, chest X-ray examination: the lung texture is thickened or normal, and occasionally the hilar shadow is thickened. Severe bronchi are difficult to distinguish from pneumonia at an early stage. If deep rales or twisted sounds are heard and rales do not decrease obviously after coughing, chest X-ray examination should be considered to diagnose pneumonia.
2. Blood biochemical examination: the total number of white blood cells in peripheral blood is normal or low, which is caused by bacteria or complicated with bacterial infection.
Treatment of bronchitis in children
1. Control infection: If acute bronchitis is a bacterial infection, the following antibacterial drugs can be selected: compound sulfamethoxazole 0.05/kg/ day, penicillin 30-50 thousand U/ mg/ day, intramuscular injection twice, midecamycin and erythromycin 30-50mg/kg/ day, 3-4 times.
2. Symptomatic treatment
(1) relieving cough and resolving phlegm: If the sputum is sticky and difficult to be sucked out, it can be inhaled by atomization, and 10% ammonium chloride mixture, Bisuping and Xiaoer Li Qiang Tanling can be selected. Frequent dry cough affects sleep and rest, and you can take a small amount of antitussive drugs. Attention should be paid to avoid overdose and long time, which will affect the physiological vitality of cilia and make it difficult to discharge secretions.
(2) spasmolysis
Aminophylline: 2-4 mg/kg/ time, 3-4 times/day.
Shuchuanling: under 6 years old, 1-2 mg/ day, 3-4 times or 0. 1 mg/kg/ time, and Shuchuanling aerosol (0.5%1mg = 0.1mg)1time.
When wheezing is severe, prednisone 1 mg/kg/ day can be added, which is taken orally for 3 times, and 4-7 days is a course of treatment. Beclomethasone propionate aerosol can also be used, and local administration can reduce the side effects of systemic administration. Babies are not suitable for cooperation. Children should press 1-2 (50μ g- 100μ g) once, 2-4 times a day.
3, Chinese medicine treatment
(1) Cough and asthma relieving: Some traditional Chinese medicine preparations can be used in the remission period, which can also relieve symptoms to some extent.
(2) External application: After many infants get sick, taking medicine for a long time will bring some toxic effects. External application of traditional Chinese medicine is a good way, safe and convenient.
4. Massage therapy: Massage the acupoints of children with bronchitis symptoms by traditional Chinese medicine to dredge the breath and achieve the therapeutic effect.
Dietotherapy for children with bronchitis
Luffa jellyfish soup:
Ingredients: jellyfish head 250g, loofah 250g, bamboo leaf vegetable15g, watermelon peel150g, lotus leaf 50g and lentil 50g.
1. Soak jellyfish in clear water for 30 minutes, remove and drain, and cut into 4 cm long sections;
2. Wash watermelon skin and loofah and cut into pieces;
3. Wash lotus leaves, bamboo leaves and lentils respectively;
4. Inject a proper amount of water into the pot, add watermelon skin, jellyfish skin, lentils, lotus leaves and bamboo leaves, and boil over high fire;
5. Continue to cook on low heat 1 hour, then add loofah and cook for a while.
Pie-food phase grams:
Jellyfish head: Jellyfish should not be preserved with sugar, otherwise it cannot be preserved for a long time.
Lotus leaf: Lotus leaf, tung oil, Poria cocos and silver.
Tri-color fried lily:
Materials: lily 100g, bell pepper 20g, celery 20g, auricularia 20g, peanut oil 15g, sugar 2g, starch (corn) 10g, ginger 5g.
1, washing fresh lily;
2. Wash the red pepper and cut it into small pieces;
3. Cut celery into strips;
4. Wash the fresh fungus and cut it into small pieces for later use;
5, add water to the pot to boil, first add lily, celery slices, fresh fungus slices, cook for a while and remove;
6. Pour the oil into another pot and heat it. Add ginger slices and red pepper slices and stir-fry a few times.
7. Add lily, celery slices, black fungus slices and sugar, stir-fry thoroughly over medium heat, and then thicken with water starch.
Production skills of three-color fried lily;
1, this dish should be stir-fried for a short time, otherwise it will not taste crisp;
2, people with oily skin eat more lilies, which is especially good for the skin.
How to prevent bronchitis in children
To prevent bronchitis in children, we should first pay attention to the child's cold and heat, don't dress too hot, and let him have proper cold-resistant exercise. When the temperature is high, don't just worry about the child being cold. More importantly, be careful not to let the child get hot at any time, lest the clothes get wet and catch a cold.
If the child has a cold, give some medicine as soon as possible, and don't delay the illness. Pediatrics of traditional Chinese medicine believes that children are prone to illness and change quickly. After a child has a cold, taking medicine one hour earlier and one hour later will have completely different results. Parents who have been in contact with their children for a long time should learn to observe whether their children have an abnormal cold and deal with it in time if they find it abnormal.
If the child is sick, it should be cured at one time, not halfway. When the child's fever exceeds 39℃, the body temperature should be lowered below 38℃ within 2 hours. If the body temperature stays above 39℃ for more than 2 hours, brain cells will be damaged and children's intelligence will be affected. Some children will have tonsillitis or cough (bronchitis) after catching a cold. Because there is no one-time cure, a cold will first manifest as tonsillitis or cough, which is difficult to be completely cured. Over time, it will turn into chronic tonsillitis and chronic bronchitis.
Finally, training.