1590, Italian physicist Galileo, who was born in Pisa, made a free-fall experiment on the leaning tower of Pisa. He dropped two spheres with different weights from the same height at the same time, and as a result, two shot puts landed at the same time, thus discovering the law of free-fall and overthrowing Aristotle's previous view that heavy objects would land first and the falling speed was directly proportional to their mass.

2. It must be outside Carter.

In his research, the German mathematician Schuhuaikate questioned a theorem in Olgilvy's Principles of Geometry: the sum of the internal angles of a triangle is equal to 180.

For more than two thousand years, people have always thought that this is a universal theorem, and scientists are more convinced of the truth of this theorem. However, Hubert's question promoted a sudden change in mathematics. German mathematician Riemann was inspired by the thought of external karting, which made the non-Euclidean set break ground.

Riemann pointed out that Euclidean geometry does not apply to all spaces. For example, on the earth sphere, the sum of the internal angles of the triangle is greater than 180.

3. Bruno

Bruno, a natural scientist who shouted for the truth, ignored the ban of the church and boldly exposed religious ignorance. He organically combined the advanced natural science and philosophy at that time and established his own materialistic natural philosophy world outlook. He insisted on supplementing and developing Copernicus' theory.

Copernicus reduced the earth from the central celestial body in the universe to a planet in the solar system, thus shaking the foundation of Catholic theological rule. Bruno reduced the sun from the central celestial body of the universe to an ordinary star, which advanced people's scientific understanding of the universe. This is a more thorough denial of the "geocentric theory" advocated by the church and the resulting "anthropocentrism".

Bruno's opinion made hundreds of inquisitions declare him a heresy, and the Roman inquisition tried every means to kill him. To this end, they used despicable means to lure him back to China and imprisoned him in the dungeons of Venice and Rome for eight years, in an attempt to force him to bow his head and repent, give up his views, confess to the church, condemn himself and kneel down.

However, during his eight years in prison, Bruno was tortured, but he never wavered in his belief, never gave up his theory, and never admitted his "mistakes". 1600 February 17, Bruno was burned to death at the stake in the Rome Flower Square.

Bruno enthusiastically propagated materialism and atheism everywhere, spread Copernicus' theory to the whole of Europe, and made him the staunchest and bravest fighter against the church and scholasticism.

4.huygens

/kloc-In the second half of the 7th century, Newton was the scientific authority in the world. He thought that light was a particle flow and used it to explain the phenomena of straight-line propagation, specular reflection and interfacial refraction of light.

However, Huygens holds a different view. He believes that particle theory can't explain more complicated phenomena such as diffraction and interference, and advocates that light is an etheric wave, and it is very clear. Because of Newton's high reputation, most people supported particle theory, and Huygens became an isolated minority.

But he didn't follow the crowd, didn't believe in authority, and insisted on his own opinion. With the deepening of research, by the beginning of19th century, wave theory had defeated particle theory.

5. Zhong Nanshan

When SARS first came out, many domestic medical authorities thought it was chlamydia virus, but Academician Zhong Nanshan found something else. He boldly questioned and insisted on his point of view many times, which made great contributions to the rapid diagnosis and treatment of patients at that time.