1 How to cultivate students' aesthetic interest in Chinese teaching in primary schools
Grasp reading and experience the beauty of rhythm
Mr. Ye Shengtao creatively put forward the method of "beautiful reading", emphasizing that through the feeling of the beauty of sound rhythm, he put himself in the deep emotional thought of the text and "connected with the author's heart", that is, God meets, connects and blends with God. Therefore, it is a practical and effective method to induce students to have synchronous association when reading works, to stimulate aesthetic feelings, and to move from perceptual intuition to rational understanding and aesthetic appreciation. When reciting, you need to use different intonation according to the content of the article and your own experience. The way of reciting depends on the emotion expressed in the article.
Generally speaking, depressed and lingering articles should be read alone to appreciate the rhythm of femininity; Only when the passionate words are read aloud collectively can we appreciate the unrestrained beauty of the rhythm. For example, if students don't understand the background that Liu Bocheng, as a soldier, needs a clear brain for the revolution, it will not be effective for teachers to guide reading only from the technical level. Only by grasping the emotional line can we understand Liu Bocheng's spiritual beauty. Practice has proved that reading can not only make students understand the ideological connotation of the article, but also appreciate the emotional beauty of the article, and the personality characteristics of the characters are more vividly reflected.
Let your imagination fly and taste the beauty of artistic conception.
Artistic conception is the artistic realm formed by the combination of the life picture depicted in literary works and the thoughts and feelings expressed. As the saying goes: "There are pictures in poetry, feelings in poetry, and intentions in painting." Literary works selected into primary school Chinese textbooks are poetic and picturesque, which can give readers a broad imagination space. To understand the artistic conception, students must grasp the scenery described by the author under the guidance of teachers, combine the author's feelings, contact their own reading experience, let go of their imagination and go deep into the artistic conception described by the author. This is the process of imagination reconstruction. For example, in the teaching of "Grassland", the text reads "There are thousands of miles under the sun, but it is not endless"
"The sheep went up the mountain for a while and then came down. Wherever they go, it is like embroidering big white flowers on an endless green carpet. " "Everything is green." In order to make students feel this situation and reproduce the beautiful scenery of the grassland, the teacher can ask students to close their eyes, follow the recording of the text and make a daydream trip, and then ask them to draw an imaginary picture. The students rode forward freely, as if they had visited the prairie thousands of miles away. Let students be in a beautiful artistic conception, and students will recall the process of appreciating the beauty of artistic conception while feeling it. This is the beauty of imagination.
2 to cultivate students' aesthetic taste
Feel the emotion expressed by the author from excellent prose and cultivate students' aesthetic ability.
Take junior high school Chinese textbooks as examples, such as Yueyang Tower and The Last Lesson. Family ethics in Back and Walking; The relationship between teachers and students in My Teacher and Mr. Fujino: The ardent love for the motherland in Spring in Jinan and Winter in Jinan is endless. When guiding students to read and analyze articles, teachers should gradually improve the quality and level of students' inner emotional experience through the internalization process of emotions, distinguish truth, goodness, beauty from falsehood, evil and ugliness in life, form good moral cultivation and behavior habits, and promote the improvement of listening, speaking, reading and writing abilities. Therefore, it is best to specify a passion point in a text, which can fully mobilize students' excitement motivation and stimulate their enthusiasm for learning. For example, the article "Yueyang Tower" can help students learn the lofty spirit of "worrying about the world first, and enjoying the world later", and help students establish a correct outlook on life and lofty goals; Blessing can help students understand the evil of "cannibalism" in feudal society; Humble Room Inscription and Ailian Theory can cultivate students' good moral sentiments and so on. In teaching, we should let students "walk out" of the textbook, let students talk to the characters in the textbook, let the lofty spiritual quality of the characters in the text purify the students' souls, and let every student gain something; Some combine Chinese teaching with aesthetic consciousness.
From excellent classic works, we can understand the author's personality charm and cultivate students' noble sentiments.
When studying the high school text Li Sao, let students understand Qu Yuan's feelings of worrying about the country and the people, and discuss how to treat Qu Yuan's patriotic feelings, so that students should not be harsh on Qu Yuan at that time and worry and cry for the future of the country and the people's lives. This is a sign of patriotism. Because in his mind, Chu is his motherland and the people of Chu are his compatriots, we can't criticize his patriotism. Thus, students' patriotism and concern for the people's thoughts and feelings are cultivated, and the noble integrity of the poet's persistent pursuit of ideals is learned.
In composition teaching, students are required to be good at discovering and observing the beauty in life and improving aesthetic taste.
Romain rolland said: "Life is not a lack of beauty, but a lack of eyes to find beauty." Then, I want to say: it is not difficult to write a composition, but it lacks life materials and true feelings. For example, in the eyes of some students, the campus feels unremarkable, while in the eyes of others, it has become colorful and varied: the flower beds, paths, publicity windows and class announcements of the teaching building have become their writing materials. Why has it changed so much? The reason is that one is good at discovering beauty and the other is not good at it. Therefore, in teaching, students should be encouraged to observe life, capture flowers, trees and things in life with their own eyes, write my words with my pen, express my feelings with my words, and touch people with my feelings. In this way, students can write a composition, and the article will be shocking to read. Written articles will knock others' hearts.
3 Chinese classroom teaching methods
First, increase extracurricular reading. Expand students' horizons
In the teaching process, it is also an educational model to arrange an extracurricular reading class after each unit to provide students with opportunities to broaden their horizons. For example, I have prepared two extracurricular reading materials, One Mountain in Gong Yu and Three Gorges Project, for students to discuss the Three Gorges Project in China today. The Three Gorges Project can achieve the goal of "high gorge leading out of Pinghu", which is as difficult as "Gong Yu moving mountains". This project was completed by manpower and modern technology without the help of immortals. Today, students have a heated discussion on whether the "fool spirit" should be reinterpreted, and the results of the discussion are not the same. At this time, the most important thing for teachers is to guide students, give them the initiative, and be able to read, evaluate and explain what they have learned, instead of jumping to conclusions.
Second, the creation of classroom situations, so that the curriculum life
Starting from creating an optimized classroom situation, courses can be more specifically linked to our lives and experiences. Because all languages are easier to learn in practice than by rules. Therefore, in teaching, students should be immersed in the situation, hear with their own ears and witness with their own eyes, which can shorten the time to master knowledge, upgrade perceptual knowledge to rational knowledge and cultivate students' abstract generalization ability. The design of classroom teaching does not need too many procedures, but it should be simple and clear, with clear clues, focusing on students' training activities in the classroom, highlighting teaching objectives and adopting lively, creative and practical teaching methods. Any knowledge comes from life, and after induction and refinement, it finally rises to scientific theoretical knowledge. Now when we teach a theoretical knowledge, we should restore it again, let it be integrated into rich life practice, make learners feel cordial, and the closer teaching is to life, the more energetic the classroom will be. However, from theoretical knowledge to life practice, it is necessary for teaching art to think deeply about what to use as the "intimate" medium between them. Just as geometry knows the world by points, our Chinese teaching should also start with some people, put knowledge into the constructed model, and cultivate the broadness and flexibility of students' thinking.
Third, multi-angle observation, mining data significance
Traditional teaching is like a road sign erected on the expressway, flashing in front of passers-by, while modern teaching should be a shopping kiosk that can make people stop. In fact, the process of Chinese learning is a process of data collection. We pass some original materials to students, but we can't teach them how to plan the layout of such materials and how to arrange sentences, and how to give full play to the freedom of thinking to capture a novel idea. What we give students is only a representation, not a soul. Therefore, our teaching should be to cultivate a person with profound sensitivity, active insight, colorful imagination and beautiful and vital language art, so that they can consciously ponder over the information they have obtained, observe and analyze it from various angles and perspectives, dig out the internal connection and significance of the information, and then wait for the moment of being suddenly enlightened, so that our students can hold up the whole sky.
4. Create a good Chinese classroom atmosphere
Teachers' teaching attitude helps to create a good classroom atmosphere.
To some extent, the creation of classroom atmosphere is basically mastered by teachers. In the real situation, teachers also have their own secular desires, their own social circles, and their own joys and sorrows. Before class, teachers may encounter some exciting or frustrating things, but as soon as our teachers step onto the platform, they should put their feelings into the specific textbook text and classroom environment, and should not be bothered by their own trivial matters in real life. We should know that although students in primary school are young, they are sensitive by nature and will observe what they say with the uncertainty of teachers' teaching attitude. If teachers are moody and can't devote themselves wholeheartedly to the teaching class, they will inevitably deviate from the textbook text and focus on trying to figure out the teachers' psychology, thus affecting the teaching effect and failing to achieve the preset teaching objectives.
In addition, the Chinese teacher's teaching attitude is like an art performer. He should be happy or sad about the contents of the textbook. When talking about the great achievements made by the motherland, he should be full of momentum and high spirits, showing his sincere love and pride for the motherland. When it comes to remembering the revolutionary martyrs, teachers should have a long lasting charm and endless aftertaste, and be full of nostalgia and reverence for these revolutionary sages; When it comes to the history of humiliation, it is natural to be filled with infinite resentment and emotion, so that students can be sublimated in emotional attitude and values under the influence of teachers' teaching attitude and with the content of the text being happy or sad.
Games enliven the classroom atmosphere.
Over the years, under the severe bondage of exam-oriented education thought, our Chinese classroom has gradually deviated from the original track, a little putting the cart before the horse. One of its concrete manifestations is that the classroom is lifeless, and students either write or recite in Chinese class. In the teaching process, teachers no longer start from the age law and cognitive characteristics of students, but blindly instill and practice, either analyzing the theme or summarizing the general idea, which has a serious impact. In view of this situation, starting from the playful nature of primary school students, the author suggests that more game activities be introduced into the Chinese teaching classroom, and the classroom atmosphere can be activated through lively game links to improve the teaching effect. For example, in the collocation teaching process of initials and finals, the author organizes boys in the class to act as initials and girls to act as finals, and organizes students to make different collocation combinations by displaying different syllables on the blackboard. In this way, students naturally deepen their classroom knowledge, optimize the classroom effect and enhance the effectiveness of teaching in an active and wonderful classroom atmosphere. In the teaching of new words, we can also use this method to teach, and all have achieved good results.
In terms of using games to enliven the classroom atmosphere, what I feel most is that many teachers are afraid of affecting their teaching achievements, so they turn all class hours into lectures and teach in constant excavation and repeated practice. In my opinion, we don't have to do this. Chinese is different from science, and it is impossible to improve teaching results and students' ability only by repeated practice. We should put students in a certain teaching situation and attach importance to oral activities and comprehensive practice classes. Because of their novel forms, these courses are of great benefit to enliven the classroom atmosphere and students are interested in them. These activities themselves are excellent ways to improve students' comprehensive ability and Chinese literacy. If it is combined with reading class, it will certainly achieve complementary teaching effects.