The management and control of various stages of building water supply and drainage engineering, including the control of bidding stage, construction stage and project completion stage, as well as the control of construction details such as the quality requirements of construction personnel and project cost.
Keywords: plumbing engineering; Construction management; control
With the development of modern society, all aspects of technology are more and more perfect, and the progress of building construction technology promotes the development of urban buildings to large-scale, multi-functional, high-rise and underground. Small cities in the past have gradually become big cities, and towns are also transforming into cities. The main symbol of these changes is architecture. In recent years, a number of high-rise and super-high-rise buildings have been built in China, with novel structure, elegant appearance, rich functional facilities and advanced construction technology. To sum up, the construction of high-rise buildings has the characteristics of complex and changeable structure, many new technologies and processes, tight construction period, narrow construction work surface and frequent process crossover. Therefore, it is particularly important to strengthen construction management and close construction cooperation between civil engineering and various professions. Water supply and drainage engineering is an important part of high-rise building construction, which is generally divided into water supply and drainage engineering, heating engineering, ventilation and air conditioning engineering, gas engineering and so on. The plumbing installation project is closely related to civil construction, which directly affects the total construction period of the project, and its completion quality directly affects the safe operation, energy-saving effect and use function of the building after it is put into use, including the comfort, safety and efficiency of people's work and life.
Modern project management and control requires project managers not only to have profound professional knowledge and rich management experience, but also to accept and master the rapidly developing new technologies, new materials and new equipment. In short, managers should constantly learn from practice. With the rapid development of science and technology, this paper mainly expounds the general technical requirements of water heating construction in high-rise buildings. Combined with the problems existing in the water heating construction of high-rise buildings, this paper discusses the reasonable development road of water heating construction technology management.
A, plumbing engineering management personnel should have the quality and ability to work.
First of all, as a qualified plumbing engineer, he should be highly responsible for the technology, progress, quality and safety of the plumbing project he is responsible for, carry out standardized construction in strict accordance with relevant national norms and laws and regulations, give full play to his professional level, and do a good job in the management of plumbing projects in depth and in detail. A qualified plumbing project manager must first have comprehensive professional knowledge. Water supply and drainage and HVAC are two completely independent majors, but now real estate companies are generally managed by one person in this respect. Therefore, as a professional plumbing engineer, we should master the technology and construction specifications of water supply and drainage and HVAC. At the same time, we should also master the relevant regulations of relevant local departments. With the continuous progress of society, materials are constantly updated, and some new technologies and requirements are constantly integrated into the construction. These regulations cover a wide range and are updated quickly, which largely guides the construction and acceptance of local projects.
As a plumbing engineer, in addition to mastering professional knowledge and norms, he should also have a flexible mind and the ability to improvise. There will always be problems in construction, and solving these problems is the ability that engineers need. The duty of the field engineer is to coordinate the relationship between various types of work, construction units, construction units and supervision units.
Second, do a good job in bidding for plumbing projects.
Engineering bidding plays an important role in engineering projects. For a real estate developer's plumbing engineer, it is necessary to have a comprehensive understanding of the whole bidding process. Bidding and determining the project cost are very important. When compiling the tender documents, the project managers must timely and accurately grasp the model, specifications, suppliers and other information of plumbing materials and equipment, and grasp the basic situation of the local construction market labor force. Investigate the general situation of the project in detail, and judge the possible situations and risks in the project construction according to experience. Read the drawings carefully, for the unclear technology in the drawings,
Materials, equipment, construction technology, construction boundaries, etc. should be sorted out in detail and a clear answer should be given. Doing these preparations well can determine the quotation more accurately, calculate the approximate cost and expected profit of the project, and have a general understanding of the risks in construction. In addition, we should also know the information of each bidder, so as to know ourselves and know ourselves.
To do a good job in bidding, we must also master the relevant contents of project budget and cost control, fully grasp the terms of the signed contract, and realize the importance of this work. To do a good job in preparation for the bidding stage, project managers are required not only to have skills in technology, cost and materials, but also to have comprehensive management skills and market awareness.
Iii. Matters needing attention in the stage of design review and blue prints.the design
Design review and design with blue prints.the design are the most important preparations before construction, the best platform for communication between designers and managers, and the important link of technical disclosure for designers. If the work is not rigorous and serious, it will have a great impact on the later construction, and even bring great economic waste and unnecessary losses. Design review and blue prints.the design include two aspects: one is the discussion and research on the applicability and economy of each system; The second is the technical review of each system.
For plumbing specialty, the products designed and selected should be open, with strong compatibility and large market share, which is convenient for system expansion, interconnection and information sharing. According to the specific functions of the project, define the functional orientation of the project to avoid the phenomenon of lagging design and construction.
The design should not only reflect the economy and applicability of the project, but also reflect the rationality and advancement of the system technology. Whether many mature and advanced technologies and materials are embodied and used in this project. Avoid increasing project investment due to conservative and backward design.
Review whether the design drawings conform to relevant specifications or technical quality standards, and whether the design is reasonable and optimized. For example, the following points should be paid attention to when reviewing drawings:
(1) Whether the position and elevation of the embedded casing in the house are reasonable; ② Whether the parameters of power equipment are consistent with other related majors.
(3) The location and elevation of plumbing equipment and pipelines are reasonable and easy to install, so as to avoid crossing with other disciplines and horizontally.
(4) The reserved casing and hole are arranged reasonably, and the elevation and size are clearly marked. In a word, there is still a lot of detailed work to be done in drawing review. Design review and blue prints.the design are important preparation stages before construction, which should be highly valued.
Fourth, the quality control of plumbing engineering
Engineering quality is the core issue of the project, and it is a matter of principle, which is related to the interests of all parties. The quality control of plumbing engineering should be pre-control and process control.
1, material equipment control. The quality of materials and equipment used in the project directly affects the quality of the project. Without good materials and equipment, there will be no high-quality engineering quality. Select high-quality materials and equipment. First, in the long-term procurement process, gradually eliminate some suppliers with poor reputation and poor quality, and choose suppliers with good market reputation and large scale as long-term partners. This can not only ensure the quality of supply channels and materials, but also ensure the reasonable price, and to some extent, it can also alleviate the pressure of capital operation of purchasing units. Secondly, for important equipment, bidding is adopted, which not only reduces the cost, but also ensures the quality.
2. Organization of construction personnel. Good engineering quality is completed by high-quality and high-level construction personnel, which requires the assessment and evaluation of construction teams and personnel before construction, and the scientific and reasonable organization of construction personnel. Special types of work should be certified, but not partial to the certificate. Combined with the actual situation of the project and the actual operation level of the personnel, everyone's ability can be fully and effectively played.
For the overall technical disclosure of the construction team and personnel, due to the high mobility of the construction personnel, the disclosure should be carried out in stages according to the progress of the project. Explain the current actual specifications, operating procedures and sequence. Understand the data tables and related technical documents, requirements and standards required by the project. Check and confirm the materials and equipment used in the project to create conditions for the next work.
3. Quality control in the construction stage. The construction stage is an important link of quality control. It must be carried out according to the design drawings and relevant technical documents, in accordance with the current national norms for construction and acceptance of plumbing projects, local regulations and documents related to engineering construction, and the approved construction organization design (construction technical scheme). The drawing problems found in the construction should be put forward and handled in time, and the design should not be changed without consent.
Strictly implement standardized operating procedures, process standards and engineering construction procedures, and strictly implement the handover system of construction process. The post division of labor is clear, the responsibility is implemented to people, and everyone involved in the construction should have a sense of responsibility. Concealed works and key processes must be accepted by the construction, construction and supervision units. In special circumstances, please ask the competent department for on-site guidance and make hidden records and other related materials.
Before system debugging, a scientific, feasible and safe debugging scheme must be worked out, and it can be implemented only after it is approved by the management department. Before debugging, we must fully understand and be familiar with the performance and parameters of the equipment, conduct comprehensive training for debugging personnel, and make feasible plans for possible situations to ensure personal safety. The debugging process should be carried out together with the technical personnel of the equipment supplier. Experienced debugging personnel are realistic and do not rely entirely on experience.
Five, plumbing engineering construction safety work
Hang in there? Safety first, prevention first? Conduct policy, safety technical disclosure and three-level safety education for construction personnel, prepare safety technical measures and safety organization measures for this project, and set up full-time safety officers with certificates.
The construction team is required to make safety disclosure according to the work arrangement of the day before going to work every day. Safety tools and facilities should be in place.
Project management and control is a complex and profound subject, which has been discussed and studied by several generations of construction workers. Although the form and content of project management are basically the same, the results are different. This requires a comprehensive, systematic and scientific management model and organizational structure. Project management is a dynamic management, not a static management.
With the progress of society and science, new contents are continuously injected into engineering, and the previous experience management is gradually eliminated. With the upgrading of engineering personnel, engineering materials and equipment, engineering technology and construction technology, the methods and contents of project management are also updated, and more and more scientific and technological contents are injected into management. Engineering management has become a discipline, which needs more people to participate in the research.
As project managers, we should abandon outdated stereotypes and actively absorb new and more scientific knowledge and apply it to our work. A new generation of project managers should keep pace with the times, conform to social development trends and trends, and actively explore and innovate.
refer to
1.GB50243-2002, Code for Acceptance of Construction Quality of Ventilation and Air Conditioning Engineering [S].
2.GB50242-2002, Code for Acceptance of Construction Quality of Building Water Supply, Drainage and Heating Engineering [S].
3.GB50268-97, Code for Construction and Acceptance of Water Supply and Drainage Pipeline Engineering [S].
4.GB500 15-2003, Code for Design of Water Supply and Drainage in Buildings [S].
The second part of the defense skills of thesis topic is an important part of the defense skills of thesis topic, which is divided into thesis defense, professional questioning and quantitative scoring. Now I only talk about my thesis defense experience for the reference of professional and technical personnel who apply for professional titles.
Thesis title defense is an important part of title evaluation, and most comrades feel a little nervous. Here are some experiences.
Thesis topic defense is a form of comprehensive examination of the applicant's level and ability. Therefore, the defense score plays an important role in his professional title evaluation. The thesis defense team is generally composed of three experts, who raise unclear, detailed, incomplete and inappropriate points in the article at the defense meeting. Generally speaking, the questions raised by experts only involve the academic scope of the article or the problems expounded in the article. The main purpose of thesis topic defense is to examine the authenticity of the article, the depth of the author's knowledge, and whether the article conforms to the theme format, so as to further improve it. Through the defense, the topic applicant can let the experts know more about the basis of the article and the practical ability to deal with the topic. Therefore, people who apply for professional titles should psychologically regard it as a rare opportunity to exercise and improve ... Usually, the procedure of the thesis defense meeting is as follows:
1. Title The applicant introduces his basic situation.
2. The debate group asked questions.
3. Title applicant's answer or excuse.
4. Evaluation results.
After understanding the defense procedure, the applicant can choose two or three questions to prepare for the defense according to his own reality. It is best to recite the content without reading the manuscript paper, and the language is concise and smooth.
Applicants for professional titles should pay attention to the following points when defending.
1. Bring your own papers, materials and notebooks.
2. Pay attention to the etiquette of opening and closing remarks.
Be calm and speak loudly and accurately so that everyone present can hear you.
4. Listen to the questions of the members of the defense team, concentrate, and write down the questions in the notebook.
5. Respond quickly to the questions raised in a short time, and answer every question with confident and fluent language and positive tone.
6. Answer questions carefully, answer or reply to certain questions and state the reasons; If you are not sure, you can answer realistically and be modest without excuses.
7. When answering questions, please pay attention to the following points:
(1) is correct and accurate. Answer the question directly, don't change the subject, don't answer irrelevant questions.
(2) focus. Grasp the theme, main points and key words, and be concise.
(3) clear and clear. Cut to the chase, get to the point, don't beat around the bush.
(4) answer. Have the courage to uphold the truth and correct mistakes. Not only dare to expound their original new ideas and new opinions, but also dare to defend their correct views and refute their wrong views, and also dare to admit their shortcomings and correct their mistakes.
(5) Eloquence skills. Speak Mandarin with accurate words, pay attention to logic, clear pronunciation and loud voice, and use gestures to explain the problem; Try to answer questions, form interaction and leave a good impression.
Problems needing attention in engineer's defense
First, the purpose of defense.
Defense is a comprehensive interview assessment of applicants, which has two main purposes: one is verification, and the other is positioning. The so-called verification is to verify the application materials and papers provided by the applicant; The so-called positioning is to comprehensively evaluate the applicant's knowledge level, work ability and work performance through defense, so as to give everyone a relatively accurate positioning, so as to determine whether they meet the qualifications of engineers.
All professional and technical personnel who apply for engineer qualification should take part in the defense.
Second, the method of defense
Before the defense, the evaluation service agencies shall, in accordance with the requirements of the Personnel Bureau, according to their own professional characteristics, in line with the principles of justice, fairness, science and accuracy, and on the basis of extensively listening to experts' opinions, formulate quantitative evaluation standards and methods for defense evaluation.
There are five quantitative assessment criteria in three aspects formulated by our senior and intermediate jury, namely:
(A) Paper evaluation
(2) Defense evaluation
(3) Comprehensive evaluation (1, including knowledge level 2, work ability 3 and work performance)
? Paper evaluation? Experts evaluate according to the evaluation criteria, and papers with serious plagiarism can be given the lowest score.
? National defense assessment? It is mainly to record the correct rate and accuracy of the applicant's answers.
There may be some overlap and repetition in the three aspects and five items, but the purpose is to accurately record the true situation of the applicant in the defense process and reflect the applicant's comprehensive level in a three-dimensional and multi-faceted manner.
According to the evaluation materials submitted by the applicant, the experts made a specific evaluation of the applicant through the defense interview and referring to the relevant quantitative assessment standards.
Third, the topic of the defense.
The defense topics are generally 2-4 (excluding additional questions), and experts can add questions according to the defense situation. The topic of defense is mainly the professional and technical work of the applicant's thesis and declaration form. Within the applicant's professional scope, the breadth and depth of coverage should reflect the professional level of senior and intermediate professional and technical personnel.
Fourth, the defense procedure.
The review committee is divided into several defense review groups according to the applicant's major, and each defense review group is generally composed of 3 ~ 5 experts.
The defense topic can be given to the applicant in advance, and the preparation time is about 20 ~ 30 minutes. Applicants can bring their own relevant materials and make some simple summaries. The defense time is generally 20 ~ 30 minutes, and there is generally no preparation time at the intermediate level.
Verb (abbreviation for verb) Review results and certificate issuance
According to the regulations of the Municipal Personnel Bureau, the evaluation results and related materials will be reported to the Personnel Bureau for acceptance and review in a timely manner, and publicized on the Internet. Whether or not to obtain post qualifications shall be subject to the opinions of publicity and personnel bureau after examination.
The certificate shall be handled by the Personnel Bureau. After the application is completed, everyone will be informed to get the certificate online and the application materials will be returned.
Precautions for the defense of intransitive verbs:
Please see? Instructions for applicants? And then what? Examples of standard clauses in defense?
Precautions for customs declarers
1, 20-30 minutes before the defense, the applicant can get the defense questions and prepare them in the waiting room.
Keep quiet, turn off your cell phone, and don't talk to others or leave the waiting room.
While waiting for the answer, you can consult your own information and make a summary.
The applicant entered the defense room under the guidance of the staff.
5. When defending, the applicant should focus on the theme, answer simply and clearly, and refer to the abstract.
6. Pay attention to expert tips and additional questions.
7. Don't greet experts too much, don't shake hands and exchange business cards, and don't talk to experts about topics unrelated to defense.
8. The defense time is 20-30 minutes, and the defense questions will be handed over to the staff after the defense. Examples of standard clauses in defense
Expert: According to your work and paper, we raised N questions. Please answer the first question: X XXXXXXX.
Declarer: The first question has been answered.
Expert: Please answer the second question: X XXXXXXX.
Declarer: The second question has been answered.
Expert: the defense is over
Applicant: Thank you, experts (the applicant leaves the defense room).