Paper Keywords: college students' psychological crisis intervention mechanism
Abstract: With the rapid development of the country and the intensification of social transformation, college students are greatly influenced by the shock wave of social transformation. In addition, they are in a period of drastic changes in their physical and mental development, and students' inner conflicts are fierce. The mental health of this group is becoming an unavoidable topic in colleges and universities. Especially in recent years, college students have committed suicide frequently, and their psychological problems have become increasingly serious. In this regard, college educators should attach great importance to students' mental health education and establish corresponding
Psychological crisis intervention mechanism.
Since 1998, China has entered the era of great development of higher education, and the expanding enrollment scale has not only provided more and more young people with opportunities for further study, but also buried hidden dangers of increasing emotional conflicts and inducing psychological crisis. According to incomplete statistics, as of 2005, the incidence of suicidal ideation among college students in China was 17.64%, and the incidence of suicide planning was 2.7 1%. 29.72% students have different degrees of positive attitude towards suicide. Through these survey data, we find that contemporary college students' understanding of the value of life is sensitive and fragile. If they encounter setbacks, it is easy to cause excessive pessimism and worry too much about the adverse consequences of setbacks. One-sided exaggeration of adverse effects. It leads to low self-awareness and collapse of self-confidence, which in turn induces psychological crisis and affects normal study and life. In recent years, it is not uncommon for college students to drop out of school because of psychological problems. What's more, they even have suicidal thoughts and put them into practice. A survey of 126000 college students in 2003 showed that 20.3% college students had obvious psychological barriers. Among them, the mental health survey of Baotou Light Industry Vocational and Technical College for two consecutive years shows that the incidence of students' psychological problems is 16% ~ 23%. Therefore, it can be said that in the process of constructing the mental health education system for college students at this stage, the construction of psychological crisis intervention mechanism is necessary and arduous, which can be described as urgent.
The psychological crisis of college students has its particularity. This is because, as a special knowledge group in society, college students often face multiple pressures such as study, job hunting and love on campus. Due to the dual influence of objective environmental factors and subjective personal factors, some college students with weak psychological quality are often at a loss when facing contradictions and conflicts, and easily fall into misunderstandings of cognition, emotion and behavior, thus resulting in psychological crisis.
1 Causes of Psychological Crisis of College Students
First of all, because college students are at the peak of their physical and mental development, their psychological characteristics are between minors and adults. On the one hand, they have a strong demand for independence and are eager for independent behavior and socialization. On the other hand, because of its immature physical and mental development, it still has psychological dependence on its parents and elders, and does not have perfect psychological quality and function in essence. Independent? With what? Dependence? When two kinds of psychological needs conflict, strong inner emotional conflict is easy to induce psychological crisis. ? Who you really are? And then what? Ideal self? There are more and more contradictions in psychological crisis, and the divided emotions gradually make students at the center of the crisis feel anxious, depressed and angry, and they can't extricate themselves for a long time. Form a permanent psychological barrier.
Secondly, college students are in sexual maturity, and their sexual psychology and sexual consciousness are developing rapidly. They are eager to make friends with the opposite sex, actively conceive the ideal model of love objects and try to put it into practice. Under the influence of this impulsive demand, the proportion of student couples living together and having sex on campus has greatly increased. However, due to the extreme lack of sexual knowledge professors in China's current education system, it is difficult for teenagers to get enough scientific knowledge education from the classroom at an early age, and this shortcoming continues to the university, resulting in young college students who are in love with each other unable to solve their own sexual problems. At the same time, because of the sense of shame, there is no reliable person to talk to, and the resulting sense of helplessness often makes problem students feel confused, isolated and helpless, thus creating a psychological crisis.
Third, the development of college students' self-awareness is unbalanced, and their ability to resist pressure is weak, which is also easy to induce psychological crisis. Today's university life is rich and colorful, and the requirements for students' comprehensive quality are higher than before. In high school, the evaluation model that only emphasizes grades is no longer applicable in universities. The change of living environment and evaluation system makes college students in the stage of development and construction easily entangled and afraid to face setbacks calmly. Self-awareness is too low, and its self-regulation system does not tend to be mature and stable. Confusion easily leads to students' emptiness, and I am confused, which affects my mental health. Especially for the graduating seniors, the increasingly tense employment situation will objectively bring them heavy pressure. Once the adjustment is improper, it is very easy to produce serious psychological anxiety, physical discomfort and obstacles, leading to psychological collapse.
In this context. It is imperative to construct an effective psychological crisis intervention mechanism for college students. Psychological crisis intervention refers to adopting emergency coping methods to help clients face up to the crisis, relieve their psychological difficulties, make their symptoms ease and disappear immediately, restore their psychological function to the pre-crisis level, and acquire new coping skills to prevent future psychological crises.
2 Effective psychological crisis intervention mechanism for college students
2. 1 Popularize and strengthen mental health education in colleges and universities
Intervention focuses on prevention. For psychological crisis intervention, the best way is to popularize and strengthen mental health education. Through the course of mental health education, we can impart mental health care knowledge to college students, cultivate students' ability to resist stress, control their emotions and adapt to society, help them establish a correct outlook on life and values, master certain methods of crisis self-regulation and self-help, and enhance their psychological function. Second, the construction of professional psychological counseling teachers and crisis intervention institutions. The former is convenient for finding and mastering all kinds of realistic psychological problems among students in time, understanding students' needs, answering students' psychological puzzles at any time, and eliminating hidden dangers in the bud; The latter can promote the standardization and normalization of psychological crisis intervention for students. Among them, the latter is more important. An excellent psychological crisis intervention institution must have a fixed psychological intervention place. This fixed place. This is conducive to stabilizing students' help-seeking mentality. Making students willing to take the initiative to accept help is conducive to the normal and orderly development of psychological counseling. On the other hand, specialized psychological crisis intervention organizations can also develop into early warning centers, coordination centers and emergency and crisis handling centers in the long-term planning, which will make the mental health education in schools more comprehensive and perfect, and also make the formulation, coordination and implementation of mental health education plans more reasonable.
2.2 Building a three-tier network system of psychological crisis intervention for college students
In 2009, Jiangxi Provincial Department of Education issued "Early Warning and Intervention Program for College Students' Psychological Crisis in Jiangxi Province", which clearly pointed out that establishing a perfect three-level psychological crisis prevention and intervention system for college students is conducive to helping college students improve their crisis coping ability and self-help ability.
The three-level system is: one school, one department and one class. On this basis, we continue to refine it and subdivide it into three-layer network system of psychological crisis intervention: the first layer, that is, the first-level network of students' psychological self-help and help. Mainly in the dormitory or class as a unit, referring to the student cadre system, recruiting mental health workers and providing systematic training. Issue certificates and certificates after graduation, carry out effective work among students, and help trapped students to help themselves psychologically and help others; The second layer is the second layer network composed of political counselors. Because political counselors have keen insights that ordinary professional teachers don't have.
Their insight and ability to deal with emergencies enable them to quickly capture the potential crisis among students. When the incident happened, these comrades knew how to deal with it and how to seek professional help at the first time. The third layer, a three-level network composed of professionals in psychological counseling centers in colleges and universities, has a solid theoretical foundation and rich practical experience, and can carry out effective crisis intervention after systematic training in crisis intervention and trauma treatment. Have the ability of individual consultation and group consultation.
The construction of college students' psychological crisis intervention mechanism has a long way to go. This is a long-term work, which requires our unremitting efforts and unremitting pursuit.
References:
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