For a house in a general sense, different local spaces may correspond to different life scenes and home behaviors, and this home behavior will change with the changes of the occupants themselves. However, the implementation and transformation of lighting design scheme need to shift the power supply line more or less. In order to reduce the cost of later changes, it is necessary to make some predictions about possible changes at the beginning of interior design. The strict definition of lighting choice in home decoration should be called "lighting design" in interior design. Different colors and brightness of light, different lighting ranges and angles, different lighting modes of light sources and different reflection coefficients of surface materials of objects all determine the lighting effect of specific indoor scenes. The following are the lighting design skills of interior design that I brought to you. Welcome to read, I hope it will help you.
The most common lighting requirements
Meet the basic lighting requirements of functional areas.
The first thing to consider is the functional requirements of local space, such as the basic lighting in the entrance area, the illumination requirements in the reading area, the illumination and color rendering index requirements in the cooking area and dining area, the illumination requirements in the clothes storage area, and the color rendering index requirements of the light source near the washstand. Before buying lamps, you must predict the scene.
Improve comfort
Lighting in non-functional areas should try to avoid glare and reduce light pollution caused by unnecessary light sources. The low color temperature light source with indirect lighting can bring soft light and help to relax.
Form a reasonable match with indoor materials.
Wall-painted wallpaper, doorways, floor tiles, wall paintings, color matching carpets, pillows, dolls, and souvenirs on the shelf, which constitute the local visual focus of the living room space, have different requirements on the color temperature of the light source, the color reproduction ability, the light gathering ability of lamps and lanterns, and the spot size. Different light sources and lamps show almost completely different color effects, which need to be emphasized by grasping the key points and using light reasonably.
Advanced lighting requirements
Light and shadow segmentation
The shape choice of lamps will affect the irradiation range of light sources. Different installation angles and directions will have different electrification effects, thus affecting the distribution of light and shadow projected onto the top surface of the wall.
Layered lighting
According to different life scenes, different levels of lighting schemes are designed, including the difference between full-area lighting and local lighting, the difference between functional lighting and atmosphere lighting, and the difference between fixed lighting and temporary lighting. The light source of the same lighting layer should try to keep the color temperature and color rendering consistent.
For example, light sources with high luminous flux are set in areas such as writing desk, family workbench and kitchen operation area, so that the actual illumination of the space can reach 200~300lx, which is convenient for work.
For example, use light sources with medium and low color temperature, medium and low illumination and medium and high color rendering to assist in lighting decorative articles and narrow spaces;
You can also choose a light source with a color temperature of about 3800K-5300k, medium and low color rendering (Ra can be less than 80, of course, a high Ra light source can be used if necessary) and a single point illumination of more than 300lx for working illumination, thus forming a hierarchy of color temperature and illumination.
Material reflection and indirect lighting
In the application of indoor light, we should also consider the reflection or feedback of wall, floor, top surface and surface materials of household products, including both specular reflection and diffuse reflection. Light-colored all-ceramic floor tiles, glass partition doors, glass countertops and other bright planes can be approximately regarded as specular reflection materials, while most indoor material surfaces such as latex paint walls (including top surfaces), wallpaper walls, sofa leather surfaces and sofa fabric surfaces can be approximately regarded as specular reflection materials.
For example, for indoor doors and door covers, under the same color temperature and color rendering, the visual effects of the surface materials of white paste and white paint are different, and there are similar differences compared with paints with white and light yellow wood grain color, light yellow wood grain color and walnut color, yellow log color and dark red tone. The texture will be slightly different under the same light source.
Similarly, the lighting angle and direction of lamps should also be predicted, which should be coordinated with the position of household appliances (mainly refrigerators, which may block direct light) and main furniture, and the color temperature and illuminance of light sources and the projection effect on the surface of furniture to be purchased should also be predicted in advance. The styles and surface materials of some electrical appliances also need to be taken into account. For example, the refrigerator may be placed in the dining area, and the cupboard door may have different textures such as white smooth surface, gray metal brushed surface and champagne smooth surface. Even under the same light source, it will show different effects.
Rational use of diffuse reflection surface, such as indirect lighting by wall lamp, can reduce glare and avoid indoor light pollution as much as possible.
There are also some other indoor materials, mainly including floors, tiles, stones, indoor doors, door covers, skirting lines, balcony partitions and so on. In lighting design, we should also coordinate the factors such as color rendering, color temperature and surface reflection characteristics of materials according to the above material characteristics.
Light adjustment
The light source with higher color rendering, the lampshade with smaller irradiation range and lower intensity (100-200lx) is more suitable for displaying decorative items with lighter colors, and it is not easy to seize the visual center of a wall.
However, if the natural lighting of the house is poor and artificial auxiliary lighting is the main way, different levels of lighting schemes can be used to simulate the changes of natural light at different times of the day. During the day, when people need to work at home, they use high color temperature and high illumination. During the day, when people need to eat and rest, they can also choose low color temperature and low illumination to increase the secretion of melatonin and make residents relax until they fall asleep safely.
color rendering
By choosing an appropriate lighting scheme, the characteristics of people or household items can be restored under natural light.
For example, in the selection of lamps in the dining area, it is necessary to match the light source with continuous spectrum and color rendering greater than 80, which can make the dishes on the table look more beautiful and make people who eat under the lamp look better.
The same is true for the lighting in the washing area. The combination of light sources with low color temperature, high illumination and high color rendering can make residents see a radiant self after washing and keep happy.
Key points of selecting light source
When selecting light sources and lamps in interior design, we should not only meet the requirements of the above-mentioned functional lighting, but also consider the possibility of improving comfort with lighting schemes. On the basis of layered design, we should select light sources and supporting lamps that meet the requirements in terms of color temperature, luminous flux, color rendering index, power, shape and size, and installation mode according to the preset orientation of the visual center of gravity of each space.
In the choice of light source, the factors that need to be considered are power (W), luminous flux (lm), luminous efficiency (lm/W), color temperature (K), color rendering index (Ra), interface type, glare strobe and so on.
Everyone knows the concept of power (W), which is directly related to power consumption.
The luminous flux (lm) represents the luminous capacity of the light source. Similarly, the intensity of light emitted by the light source measured at a certain distance from the light source is called illuminance (lx), which refers to the brightness per unit area on the illuminated plane.
The higher the luminous efficiency (lm/w) value, the higher the brightness can be obtained under the same power.
The simplest expression of color temperature is that the lower the color temperature, the warmer the light color, the higher the color temperature, the closer to white, and the closer to blue and white.
Color rendering index refers to the color reproduction performance of light source. The color rendering index of incandescent lamps can be regarded as 100, while the Ra of ordinary LED bulbs is about 80. Generally, CRI 80 marked on LED bulb packaging also refers to the color rendering index, but the abbreviation of color rendering index is adopted.
General types of light source interfaces are E 14, E27, GU4, GU 10, etc. E 14 and e in E27 represent Edison threaded lamp holder, and 14 and 27 represent integer values of the threaded outer diameter of lamp holder.
Among them, E27 interface is the most common and widely used in incandescent lamps, fluorescent lamps and LED bulbs. The lamps with E 14 interface are common in crystal lamps, and GU4 and GU 10 are used in other LED light sources.
In addition, the choice of light source should also consider the attraction to insects. The visible wavelength of insects is different from that of human eyes. Relatively speaking, light bulb LED as a light source is less likely to attract insects. From this point of view, it is more suitable for indoor lighting than fluorescent lamps.
The most common light source brands on the market are:
Foshan Lighting (FSL), Opal Lighting, NVC Lighting, Panasonic, Philips, OSRAM, IKEA, NVC Lighting, TCL, etc.
Relatively less mentioned brands:
General Electric (GE), Changhong, BYD, etc.
And several smart light bulb brands:
Xiaomi, Blink, Lifesmart, etc. Other domestic brands are temporarily ignored.
Light source product parameters
Take an LED light bulb at hand as an example.
Power 9.5 W;
Luminous flux 806lm；;
The light efficiency is 85lm/w;
The color temperature of this light source can change between sunlight and warm white;
Color rendering performance CRI80；;
Here is also a photo of the product information of a plus Dell light bulb:
Generally speaking, when choosing a light source, the first thing to look at is the interface type, then the luminous flux, that is, the parameter with the largest value, which represents the maximum brightness that you intend to buy, and then the color rendering and power.
Selection of lighting mode
The choice of lighting mode mainly refers to the distinction between direct lighting and indirect lighting, and the other part is the choice of lamps.
Different lamp shapes and the adjustable range of illumination angle determine the shape and size of the light spot, and also change the illumination value of the direct plane. In the picture below, the spots formed on the wall by spotlights with different illumination angles on the same track are very different.
Therefore, in interior design, in addition to the choice of light source, the fixed connection mode of lamps and lanterns also determines the result of lighting design.
The effect of indirect illumination is related to the reflection coefficient of direct illumination material surface and the color temperature of light source. If the copper wall lamp shade in the picture below is replaced by a white bulb with a higher color temperature, the light reflected by the wall will be grayish white, which will destroy the overall color matching.
Indirect lighting can also be used to illuminate bathroom areas. In addition, a scattering point light source can be used to uniformly arrange the light intensity in the space. Whether the brightness in the bathroom room meets the needs depends not only on the number of light sources and the power of each light source, but also on the reflection coefficient of the wall material.
The lighting of bars and dining areas can also be indirect lighting, supplemented by wall and off-stage lighting.
Even desk lamps often use indirect lighting.
The collocation of lighting equipment and indoor furnishings
The proper choice of lamps can be used to balance various elements in interior design, or be unknown, integrated into the background, or conspicuous, forming a visual focus.
White, black, copper, even pink, mint, sky blue and goose yellow lamps, with wall materials, floor materials and carpets, sofa materials and cushions, if necessary, with personalized green plants and single person sofa or lounge chairs, is undoubtedly a simple and rich decorative style.
In the application of color temperature knowledge, we can also master it flexibly. If the influence of natural lighting is not considered, the effect of pure white latex paint wall with low color temperature light source and the effect of light yellow latex paint wall with slightly high color temperature light source can be adjusted to approximate in the same direct area, which also provides some reference ideas for some households who don't want to make a big fight but just want to do some local renovation.
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