A horse can travel thousands of miles and eat a stone at a time. People who eat horses don't know that they can travel thousands of miles and still eat. This is a horse. Although it has the ability to travel thousands of miles, it is beautiful only if you don't have enough food and physical strength, which can't be obtained with ordinary horses. How can it walk a thousand miles?
If you don't follow its path, you can't make the best use of it, but you can't understand its meaning, so you can stick to it, which is called "there is no horse in the world!" Oh! Is there really no horse evil? I really don't know anything about horses.
First, the overall perception
"All things are not equal, but sound" (preface to seeing Meng Dongye off by Han Yu). In Han Yu's prose, there are many chapters expressing grievances, among which Ma Shuo is one. "Shuo" is an ancient argumentative style, which is used to state the author's views on some issues. Although it is argumentative, it pays attention to literary talent. "Ma Shuo" means to support things. Metaphor means that talented people can't meet wise masters. The author hopes that the rulers can identify and reuse talents so that they can give full play to their talents. The full text reposes the author's sense of resentment and poverty, satirizes, criticizes and accuses the rulers of burying and destroying talents.
These views and feelings of the author are expressed through concrete images. Based on the legends of Bole and Maxima, this paper compares talents to Maxima, compares ignorant and stupid rulers to horse eaters, and describes Maxima's experience of "being humiliated by slaves and dying in a trough", describes the failure of talented people all his life, and describes Maxima as "not having enough to eat and not having enough beauty"
This article is similar to the story of the dragon. I suggest you have a look.
Second, the problem research
1. What are the meanings of Bole and Maxima and the relationship between them?
A swift horse is a metaphor for a talented person, and Bole is a metaphor for a person who can find and appoint talents or a wise monarch. A horse eater is a metaphor for a person who buries talents or an ignorant ruler. Bole comes first, then swift horse, which is common, but Bole is not. It is necessary to find and care for talents, otherwise talents will be buried, and talents are equal to no talents. In Han Yu's view, what the world lacks is not talents, but people who find talents. So what is revealed in the lecture is the author's resentment and dissatisfaction with the feudal rulers' burying talents.
2. What are the structural features of this article?
Although this article is short, its structure is exquisite. Ask the previous question first: "There is Bole in the world, and then there is a swift horse." Then, I mentioned that "a swift horse is common, but Bole is not common" and discussed it from the opposite side. Maxima and Bole are closely dependent on each other, but Bole is not common, so it is inevitable that Maxima will be buried for life. Then, naturally, I wrote about the experience that Maxima was buried and the reason why its beauty was not obvious. I strongly condemn the ignorant "horse eater" and make a bitter ridicule. Although this article is short, the center is very prominent. It begins with "Bole is unusual", and in the middle, it writes about the ignorance and consequences of the horse eater with "I don't know it can travel thousands of miles" and "just beauty", and then denounces the ignorance of the horse eater, and finally boils down to "It really doesn't understand horses!" This central sentence runs through the whole text.
Practice note
Get familiar with the text first, then recite it, and talk about the author's thoughts and feelings when he borrowed a song "Maxima" from Bole.
The purpose of designing this topic is to implement the requirements of Chinese curriculum standards on reciting classical Chinese. The practice of speaking requires students to express the thoughts and feelings entrusted by the author orally in the article, that is, the resentment of not meeting talents and aiming high. It not only exercises the oral expression ability, but also deepens the understanding of the text content. What different students say also has the function of mutual inspiration and in-depth thinking.
Translate the following paragraph and pay attention to the meaning or usage of the underlined words.
If you don't follow the way, you can't make the best use of it, but if you sing it, you can't understand its meaning. If it is implemented, we must face it and say, "There are no horses in the world!" Oh! Is it really innocent? I really don't know anything about horses.
This question aims to guide students to be familiar with the text and understand the key sentences. For the translation, see "Reference Translation" in "Related Materials". The usage of the added "strategy" and "device" can only be understood. As for grammatical meaning, students are not required to master it.
Third, what kind of talents does today's society need? How can we cultivate more talents and make the best use of them? These topics are always new, please talk about your own views in connection with reality.
This is a completely open exercise. It is intended to guide students to contact with the current social reality and re-examine the ideological content of this work with modern concepts, so as to further deepen their understanding of the text content. Several questions in this topic design are "always talking about the new", so there is no standard answer. Students only need to express their understanding and talk about their own views. It doesn't matter if individual students have extreme views. Try to let students speak freely. I believe that through the confrontation of different viewpoints, most students can distinguish right from wrong.
Teaching suggestion
This article is short and readable, and the words are not difficult. According to previous teaching practice, students not only love reading, but also are easy to recite. The key is that teachers should guide students to read carefully. Students can read aloud repeatedly. The content should also be discussed, but not too deep. We should seriously consider students' life experience and acceptance at this stage, and take a general idea as the standard. The teacher's story should be concise and clear, and don't quote a lot, so as not to deprive students of reading time. In the long run, only by reciting this short passage skillfully can students really benefit.
1. Lead reading, that is, the teacher (or choose 1 ~ 2 students) leads the whole class to read sentence by sentence, so that students can feel the tone of the article emotionally. Readers should be fully prepared in advance and be able to recite the full text smoothly.
2. Carefully taste the author's thoughts and feelings in combination with the function words in the text (see the article "Five Characters" in Related Materials), and read while discussing. You can also deepen students' understanding of these function words in a comparative way. For example, if you replace the following underlined words with words in brackets, the effect will be different:
This is a horse, although it can walk 1000 miles.
It is also (almost) required to take Wan Li Road.
I really don't know anything about horses.
3. Analyze the change of intonation layer by layer, with clear focus.
Three. Understanding annotation
The meaning of "Ma Shuo" is written in the form of token (Bole is a metaphor for feudal rulers to identify talents. Maxima is a metaphor of talent. Horse-eating people are compared to ignorant and shallow feudal rulers and layers of in-depth structure. First put forward the argument from the front: "There is Bole in the world, and then there is a swift horse." It shows that Bole played a decisive role in the fate of Maxima. Judging from the dependence between Maxima and Bole, Maxima was inevitably buried. Then, I mentioned that "a swift horse is common, but Bole is not common" and discussed it from the opposite side. Reveal the author's sense of cynicism and incompetence. Then it describes the specific circumstances of the burial of Maxima, which is also the history of Maxima's life humiliation until his sad death. Then it reveals the fundamental reason why Maxima was buried: it really doesn't understand horses. Direct cause: Lack of food and strength is the only way to become beautiful. Use three "no's" and a set of parallelism sentences to describe the smug appearance and pretentious psychology of people who eat horses. Write down the characteristics of mediocrity and ignorance of horse eaters. Finally, it comes down to the central sentence "He really doesn't know horses". It expresses the author's strong indignation that the rulers can't identify, destroy and bury talents.