Abstract: At present, China is in an important development and transformation stage of social and political system reform and economic development model transformation. The state administrative departments, enterprises and institutions are now facing the dilemma of slow innovation, difficult transformation and long promotion period. The development of public utilities management specialty is facing unprecedented challenges and important strategic adjustment and development opportunities.
Keywords: public enterprise management major; Professional orientation; break through
? China Library Classification Number: G420 Document Identification Number: Part A Number:1006-026x (2012) 07-0000-01.
Chapter 1 Chapter * * * Career Management Tasks in the Career Era.
? 1. 1 professional connotation
? The major of public utilities management is a new major in China. From 1998, when the Ministry of Education officially listed it in the catalogue of undergraduate majors in ordinary colleges and universities, it was clearly stipulated that the training goal of this major is to cultivate the knowledge of modern management theories, technologies and methods and the ability to use these knowledge, which can be used in the fields of culture, education, sports, health, environmental protection, social insurance and so on. Through the construction and development of professional subject knowledge, we will cultivate new compound management talents for public enterprises to meet the requirements of China's social system reform and economic development, and to meet the needs of public affairs handling and public enterprise reform and development.
? Over the past 30 years of reform and opening up, with the gradual maturity of the socialist political system, the gradual improvement of the market economic system and the obvious improvement of people's lives, the diversified needs of all social strata have also shown an inevitable development trend. The decentralization of social public power and the multipolarization of interests make social public affairs increasingly complex, and this change in social affairs management further promotes the reform of the original public utilities and their management system in China.
Chapter two: Problems in the development of public utilities management specialty.
? 2. 1 Fuzzy professional orientation
How to make the professional orientation clear and reasonable has always been a bottleneck for the further development and expansion of this major, improving the level of professional education and further enhancing social recognition. Judging from the development degree, it still belongs to a new major, and many colleges and universities are still not very clear and reasonable about its nature, objectives, tasks, positioning and other contents, although it has developed for more than ten years. Since 1998, this major has been officially listed in the Catalogue of Undergraduate Education Major in Colleges and Universities by the Ministry of Education. Its goal is too ambitious, the starting point is too high, and it is difficult to grasp its landing point. Although this has given colleges and universities more room for the development of professional characteristics to a certain extent, in the long run, especially in the first ten years of this major, it is easy to cause many adverse consequences such as excessive expansion of school scale, jumbled professional orientation, unclear employment direction, lack of unified and scientific curriculum system, etc., which leads to low recognition of students and society.
From the perspective of training objectives, the author thinks that this major should train more public managers and service providers for the grassroots and modern citizens with modern public awareness, theory, responsibility and ability for the society. The grassroots and universality of the training objects determine the regional and particularity of the professional orientation, and cultivate professional management talents for local social development based on local conditions. More specific professional orientation and training objectives will be more conducive to the social development of the major, thus enhancing the overall image and strength of the major more quickly.
2.2 Excellent teaching resources are scarce.
2.2. 1 The level of teachers is not high.
? From the perspective of professional orientation, where does the career management major fall? Public * * * career? Four words, what is the core? Management? . However, the current situation is that most teachers who undertake management courses in colleges and universities have a solid theoretical foundation in professional knowledge, but at the same time they are extremely short of the most important management practical experience. Pure theoretical education and formal final exam will seriously endanger the enthusiasm and initiative of students' professional learning, and at the same time, it will also deeply affect the implementation of management courses and the development of other professional education, so that students can not really understand the core charm of this major.
? 2.2.2 The curriculum system is chaotic.
Curriculum system is the core content of talent training, and it is a system of various teaching subjects composed by schools and colleges according to students' psychological state and teaching requirements, taking into account the internal dynamic relationship of scientific knowledge. It reflects the objective development law and characteristics of a major, and is an important work coordination fulcrum for running a major well, realizing the training goal and running a major with characteristics.
At present, most colleges and universities generally lack scientific curriculum arrangement and perfect system, especially in the design of curriculum content, which generally lacks practicality and continuity. Especially in terms of combining the advantages of their own colleges and universities, the overall image of superior disciplines, professional orientation and training objectives has not been well, specifically and carefully constructed and planned. Fundamentally speaking, public enterprise management still belongs to a comprehensive discipline with interdisciplinary nature, which is different from other professional management disciplines such as education management, administrative management and enterprise management. The advantages of public enterprise management, in my opinion, are? Male * * *? In fact, how to reflect it? Male * * *? The word "two characters" has inherent curriculum advantages. How to say it? Male * * *? It shows the rich connotation and characteristics of "two characters", which is an urgent need for breakthrough and improvement in the future development of this major.
Chapter III Breakthrough Direction of Public Utility Management Specialty
3. 1 The training objectives are popular and concrete.
Starting from 1999, Northeastern University and Yunnan University took the lead in recruiting undergraduate students in public administration. Up to now, more than 500 colleges and universities have opened this major, but most of them still retain the training objectives of the Ministry of Education 1998. The author thinks that the talent training goal of the public administration specialty proposed by the Ministry of Education is too ambitious, and the specialty setting is unrealistic, leaving room between theory and reality. Blank? . In the long run, from the professional point of view, this has greatly affected the implementation of professional courses. Generally speaking, this has seriously affected the society's special attention to professional understanding. Therefore, in the future, this will also be an important turning point and take-off point for the development of public enterprise management.
? 3.2 Rational allocation of teaching resources
The practice and social practice of this major has always been an important aspect of its criticism, and the limitation of teacher resources has also seriously affected the practice construction of this major to some extent. From a professional point of view, the construction of management practice base and the application of management knowledge in practice have always been difficult to solve, but even from the perspective of attitude and effort, most universities in China still do not do enough. At the same time, colleges and universities should attach importance to the construction of professional teachers, create professional teachers to quit the team, and on the basis of effectively controlling the teaching scale, not only should we train young teachers and professors reasonably, systematically and pertinently? Send it out? We should also sincerely and regularly invite successful management talents to the class, establish long-term strategic cooperation with them, and truly provide students with the most practical and ultimate management experience in the class.
3.3 Focus on the transformation of community positioning
In China, the market economy system has further matured. Is it important for the country? Twelfth Five-Year Plan? Under the background of implementation, with the transformation of social roles of most social members and the further implementation of the national policy of transferring agriculture to cities, the community-based lifestyle has gradually become the basic unit of social life in China. Most of people's life after work will be in the community, and more and more political and social activities will be organized by community management institutions. Therefore, the role of the community is becoming more and more prominent. But at the same time, compared with the vigorous development of urban communities in China, there is a serious shortage of high-quality management talents needed by community management institutions, and the education, age and professional background of community managers are extremely unsuitable, and the management methods are also seriously unable to meet the modern needs of community people. This problem is particularly prominent in western China and most second-and third-tier cities.
3.4 to meet the needs of social development
The development characteristics of public utilities management specialty should be both professional and knowledgeable, and understand both theory and practice. Although the expression is simple, the challenge is self-evident. But in any case, the emergence of a major is still an important embodiment of the country adapting to the development of the times, improving the level of national education and integrating existing educational resources, and it is also an important transformation and development mode of the country's improvement and innovation. How to understand the national development model more rationally, how to better grasp the development opportunities of the times, and how to fully meet the needs of social talents are still the most basic and important breakthroughs in the future development of public utilities management.
?
refer to
[1] Ministry of Education of People's Republic of China (PRC). Catalogue of undergraduate majors in national colleges and universities [EB/0L]. ( 1998-7-6)
[2] Cui. Introduction to Public Utility Management, 2nd Edition [M]. Beijing: Higher Education Press, 2006.
? [3] People's Republic of China (PRC) * * * and China Ministry of Education. Catalogue of undergraduate majors in national colleges and universities [EB/0L]. ( 1998-7-6)
Fan Wen-er: On the theme of public enterprise management in China Abstract With the in-depth development of China's reform, there are still many new areas of public enterprise management in China that need our in-depth study to promote its gradual maturity. Among them, the discussion and research on the management subject of public enterprises is also an important part. On the basis of a brief introduction of the individual, this paper makes a simple discussion on the related issues of the subject of public utility management in China.
Keywords: discussion on the management subject of public enterprises
The major of public enterprise management is a new discipline in China, which has developed for nearly ten years and is in a period of rapid development. However, looking at the overall development of this decade, we find that there are still many problems in the construction of public utilities management specialty in China, which require us to seriously reflect and study and make an accurate understanding of the main body of public utilities management. Only by clearly understanding the main body of public enterprise management in China can it be more helpful to set up relevant professional courses reasonably and understand the way and direction of public enterprise reform in China.
First, the connotation of public enterprise management
1. Analyze the connotation of public enterprise management from the concept of public affairs.
Public utilities in a broad sense are aimed at the whole social undertakings or social public utilities, and their owners or subjects are the public. Therefore, the nature of public affairs in China is close to what is often said internationally, that is, a series of social activities and final results involving the just living standard and the same interests of the whole society. The connotation of social public affairs is mainly within the scope of social public goods and quasi-public goods, and general social products are divided into two categories: private products and public products. "Public goods" here means that the benefits of goods and services are owned by all members of society, not enjoyed by any one person alone; Public products are compulsory, non-exclusive, free and indivisible, while private products are non-compulsory, exclusive, effective and indivisible. The so-called quasi-public * * products, on the basis of having the characteristics of public * * * products, have certain private product attributes, but generally tend to be public * * * products, such as for-profit products that involve the public and have an impact on the overall quality of life and interests of * * *. It can be seen that from the perspective of international public affairs, the biggest difference in China's public affairs management is publicity, and all things closely related to public interests, such as formulating public policies, arranging systems, and implementing policies, are within this range.
2. Analyze its connotation from the causes of public utilities management.
The research on public enterprise management should analyze its connotation from its causes besides the broad and narrow concepts of public enterprise management. Public management is a means to improve the government, make up for the defects of the market mechanism, and safeguard social equity and the smooth realization of public interests. With the deepening of market economy, two completely different systems have been formed between the government and the market. The government is often a system of manual preparation, centralized decision-making and hierarchical management. The market is a spontaneous system, decentralized decision-making and encouraging free competition. They all influence the distribution of social resources in their own unique ways, and learn from each other's strengths. After a period of market economy development, China has realized that the market itself has its own defects that cannot be ignored. The main performance is that it can't spontaneously form an orderly macro-economy, and can't play its functions of improving living standards, ensuring the quality of public products and strengthening public services. These defects can be passed through the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security. The door is borne by the government. Therefore, when defining the management functions and subjects of its public utilities, the government should fully consider the market defects and give reasonable intervention to ensure the orderly development of the market economy, social justice and equality of public interests.
Second, define the main content of public management.
After roughly analyzing the connotation of public enterprise management, we basically have a clear understanding of the main body of public enterprise management. We believe that the management subject of public enterprises refers to administrative organizations and organizations that are not for profit, specialize in the production of social public goods, the provision of public services, the maintenance of public order and security, and implement effective management according to law. We can understand the subject of public enterprise management from the following aspects:
(1) There are two types of subjects in public enterprise management. One is the administrative organization, which holds the administrative power and undertakes the administrative functions of public undertakings, such as the education administrative department, the cultural administrative department and the health administrative department. The other is social organization, which we usually call administrative organization. They undertake some functions of public utilities management, but they are not government departments and do not have administrative power, such as various trade associations, charities, the Red Cross, and urban (town) public utilities (tap water, electricity, gas, public transportation).
(2) The main responsibility of public enterprise management is to provide public products, public services and public safety and order. Whether the public products, services, security and order needed by the society can be effectively provided is the foundation and legal basis for the existence and development of public management organizations. In addition, it should be noted that only the management departments that provide direct support and guarantee for public life are the main bodies of public utilities management, and those organizations that play an indirect role (such as government agencies and other administrative auxiliary institutions) are not the main bodies of public utilities management in a strict sense.
(3) The management subject of public welfare undertakings is absolutely not allowed to make profits in the process of organizing production and providing products and services to the public. Public * * * career management? Male * * *? It determines the main body of public enterprise management, and the essence of its activities is to bear due responsibilities and obligations to the society, rather than taking profit as the purpose of private institutions. Although the management of public utilities cannot aim at profit, this kind of management activities also need to pay management costs, so who will pay this cost? We believe that there are three main sources of funds for the activities of public utilities management subjects: one is government financial allocation; The second is paid service income (fees charged according to the cost of products and services); The third is the funds raised through social sponsorship, funding, donations and lottery income.
(4) The differences and connections between industrial and commercial organizations, administrative organizations and public utility management organizations. The difference between industrial and commercial organizations and public enterprise management organizations is obvious. Industrial and commercial organizations are absolute social organizations, mainly engaged in the production, sale and service of social goods in order to earn more economic benefits. The management organization of public enterprises is both administrative and social, and its purpose is to plan, organize, supervise and coordinate the production of public products and the provision of public services. It cannot and is not allowed to exist for the purpose of making money. It must be noted that some industrial and commercial organizations also undertake the production and provision of some public goods and services, but they belong to the management level of public utilities, not the management level, and they are often entrusted with the management subject of public utilities, so naturally they cannot become the management subject of public utilities. The administrative organization has a strong political nature, and it is incumbent upon it to carry out and implement the political will of the ruling class and give priority to ensuring the realization of the political interests of the ruling class. Ergong
* * * The main body of business management, whether as an administrative organization or a social organization, is not to safeguard and realize the political interests of the ruling class, but to provide necessary products and services for the public's social life, and its political color has been greatly reduced, such as the administrative public utility management organization, although it still adheres to the political direction set by the ruling class in the process of public utility management. Carry out the political intention of the ruling class, but the specific affairs involved are mostly technical issues of management, not political issues. According to the above analysis, we believe that the main body of public enterprise management should have the characteristics of service, public welfare, sociality, functionality and legitimacy, which are not explained here.
From the above, we can conclude that public enterprise management has the following characteristics:
First, service. The main body of public enterprise management aims at realizing public interests and serving public life. The emergence of public enterprise management and public enterprise management subject is because the public has formed the same interests in long-term production and life. How to effectively safeguard and realize the common interests of the public? This urges people to scientifically plan, reasonably organize and effectively regulate the process of maintaining and realizing common interests, thus creating a department that plans, organizes and regulates the process of realizing common interests, that is, the management subject of public enterprises.
Second, public welfare. In the process of planning, organizing, coordinating, controlling and other management activities of public utilities, the management subject of public utilities regards how to represent and realize the public interests as the only target value, and is not allowed to take profit as the purpose, nor to sacrifice the long-term interests and overall interests of the public for short-term and local interests, which embodies the public welfare management characteristics of public utilities.
Third, sociality. Sociality of public enterprise management subject means that public enterprise management subject is directly engaged in the management of social affairs, and its fundamental purpose is to undertake social functions and serve the society.
Fourth, functionality. The complexity, diversity and hierarchy of social affairs determine that organizations that undertake social affairs must carry out professional division of labor according to the nature of social affairs. Every public utility management organization undertakes a certain specific function and is committed to solving specific social problems with professional methods and means.
Fifth, legitimacy. Although public utilities management organizations represent the common interests of the public, their production and activities cannot go beyond national laws.
Based on personal understanding, starting from the connotation of public enterprise management in China, this paper briefly discusses the related problems of the main body of public enterprise management in China. At present, the development of public enterprise management in China is not mature enough, but its discipline construction has begun to be valued and supported by the state. Therefore, it is believed that the management of public enterprises in China will gradually develop and mature under the leadership of the government.
References: