An excellent children educator said: "Only when children are still in the cradle can there be hope for excellent character and the seeds of morality be sown in children's hearts as soon as possible." Makarenko, an educator in the former Soviet Union, said: "It is much easier to educate children correctly, reasonably and in line with standards than to re-educate." Therefore, it is necessary to educate children with proletarian morality and let them grow up healthily along the requirements of the proletariat from an early age.
First, the content of children's moral education
(A) the seeds of children's love for the motherland
Loving the motherland is the virtue of mankind, the glorious tradition and precious heritage of the Chinese nation, and a great driving force for success. The great power of patriotism can be seen from China scientists and mathematicians Li Siguang and Hua.
For young children, to cultivate their love for the motherland, we should start from the side. Suhaolingji asked his students to love their mother first. He said: If a child doesn't even love his mother, will he still love others, his hometown and his motherland? My own mother is also very easy to understand and do, laying the foundation for patriotic education in the future. "
Therefore, parents should educate their children to bring joy to their mothers, fathers, grandfathers and grandmothers, share their sorrows and misfortunes, care about adults' diseases, and let their parents and relatives eat delicious food first. Through sightseeing, visiting and traveling, children can be exposed to the beautiful scenery of the mountains, rivers, oceans and rivers of the motherland, and know the vast territory, rich materials and long-standing culture of the motherland, which can cultivate their love and sprout their love for the motherland.
We can also adopt lively formal education activities. Such as festivals, stories, paintings, birthdays, etc. Let the children feel the joy of being children in China, and know that their happiness today is gained through the struggle and sacrifice of the older generation of revolutionaries, heroes and scientists.
(2) Let children develop the good habit of being polite.
Civilized and polite behavior is the symbol of socialist spiritual civilization. Civilized and polite behavior habits are formed by long-term practice from childhood.
Therefore, from an early age, children are required not to swear, not to swear, to be kind, warm and polite, and not to interrupt others when they are talking; Respect the old and love the young; Visit other people's homes, don't rummage around, have a good meal, and so on.
(3) Cultivate children's good qualities of honesty and telling the truth.
Teach children to hand in whatever they find, not to hide their mistakes, and to be brave in correcting them. The most important thing for children to do this is the educational attitude of parents. It is difficult to cultivate children's quality by blindly accusing them of their faults. When parents find their children lying, they should analyze the reasons for lying and solve them in a targeted way. If a child wants to buy a colorful brush painting, his parents refuse, and as a result, the child takes the neighbor's behind his parents' back. Some children do something wrong and lie for fear of being scolded and beaten, while others lie to satisfy their vanity and so on. If parents criticize their children indiscriminately, it will not solve the problem.
Parents should be role models for their children. Some children are dishonest because of the bad behavior of adults, take other people's things privately and lie. This subtle influence will make children form deep-rooted bad habits. Parents should not take it lightly and set an example everywhere.
(4) Cultivate children's industrious and thrifty qualities.
Children's hard-working and thrifty quality is cultivated through labor, and children's labor mainly starts from the following aspects:
First, self-service labor, do your own thing. Dress yourself, wash your face, brush your teeth, eat, make your bed, toys, etc. Self-help labor can cultivate children's orderly life and ability to live independently, and lay a good foundation for children to participate in housework and social welfare labor.
Second, housework can help children care and cherish their families, take the initiative to care for others in adulthood, and maintain good relations with all kinds of people. At the same time, through the ability of working and living, I will create happiness, harmony and family with my own hands when I grow up.
Enhance children's participation consciousness and labor concept through housework. Children can wash dishes, chopsticks, clean the room, pick up vegetables and buy small things nearby.
Through labor. It can cultivate children to cherish the fruits of labor and cultivate children's good qualities of loving labor, saving and frugality. Don't waste water, electricity and food, don't compare clothes and toys with others, and girls don't wear makeup or jewelry.
(5) Cultivate children's generosity, hospitality and selflessness, and restrain themselves from getting along with others.
Now there are more only children, children live alone and eat more. It is very important to cultivate children to be generous and selfless and get along well with others. Ask them to play with their children, share food and toys, abide by the rules of the game, and tidy up toys. Let children get along well with other children through various activities. Cultivate children's life rhythm, get up on time, sleep, eat and learn to play games.
(six) to cultivate children's brave, strong, lively and cheerful personality.
Courage refers to a psychological quality that people are not afraid of dangers and difficulties and have courage. This quality is combined with people's self-confidence and the ability to consciously overcome fear, and must be cultivated from an early age. It is necessary to educate children to dare to speak and perform in front of strange groups; Encourage children to participate in sports activities and other various game activities within their power to cultivate their self-confidence; Let the children hear loud talk in the dark.
I don't panic or be afraid when it thunders, blows or rains. Can overcome all kinds of difficulties, persist in completing tasks, and dare to admit their mistakes and mistakes.
In daily life, parents should pay attention to using correct educational methods, often encourage and support their children to participate in various beneficial activities, and don't blame, ridicule, sarcasm and intimidate their children casually, so as not to form children's timidity.
In order to cultivate children's brave quality, parents should teach their children the corresponding knowledge and skills, so that children will have enough self-confidence. Children's timid behavior is mostly due to lack of self-confidence, which is based on necessary knowledge and skills. For example, children will be afraid of lightning and storms, and feel uneasy about the darkness, all of which are caused by the lack of corresponding knowledge and ability. Parents should explain relevant knowledge to them and teach them some corresponding skills and methods, so that children's fear will be alleviated a lot.
If children are afraid of difficulties, it is often because they lack confidence in their abilities. If the child is really weak in ability and talent, parents should not only meet the actual level of the child as much as possible, but also give specific guidance and help. When he has done what he can, he should give him an affirmation at once, no matter how small or insignificant it is.
In addition, parents can also use brave images in real life to influence and educate their children, such as facts, stories, movies, plays and other literary works, to help children overcome their fears.
Children are naturally active and develop their movements, intelligence, morality and character in action. However, uncontrolled exercise and excessive exercise affect their good development of organizational discipline and attention. Therefore, parents should correctly induce and cultivate their children's self-control in various activities, so that they can become lively, cheerful and good at controlling their own personality.
Second, the methods of children's moral education
(A) give full play to the effectiveness of works of art.
It is difficult to grasp the concrete image of children's thinking with abstract first concept, so it is very important to educate children with artistic images that children like. For example, after listening to the story of "Toothless Tiger", children who don't like hygiene love hygiene and form the habit of washing their hands before and after meals.
(B) seize the opportunity of education
Timing refers to a favorable opportunity with timeliness in the process of activities or life, and there are also timing problems in early childhood education.
The opportunity of education is often manifested in the following aspects: for example, when a child succeeds, parents can put forward new requirements after encouragement, and put the toys away after playing; When children are frustrated, parents should care to help them correct their shortcomings; When children are interested in something, parents should guide them to form good behavior habits. When the child is angry and excited, parents should calm down and wait for the child to calm down before educating; Children are sick and tired, so parents had better ask less and care more, but never give in.
(3) subtle suggestion method
Suhomlinski said: "The less a child feels the intention of the educator in any educational phenomenon, the greater his educational effect." Because suggestive education can reconcile the relationship between educators and educatees. To avoid the rebellious mentality of educators and promote children's active and positive development, to sum up, the suggestion method has the following advantages: acceptability, children don't like the "naked" educational form since childhood, and don't want to be in the position of being educated and controlled all the time. Hints make them feel equal and respected, and hints make children feel happy and relaxed. For example, rich facial expressions, vivid language and specific touching scenes are easy for children to accept, digest and turn into their own actions. By means of suggestion, children can develop their moral understanding, emotional will and behavior. The methods of suggestion include language suggestion, example suggestion and so on. The most influential hints for children are body posture and expression. Such as: children love to talk, adults pout; Children do little tricks, adults wave; Children doze off, adults knock on the table, etc. Can help children overcome shortcomings.
(D) Positive induction
There are many ways to educate children. Parents need to use their brains and choose a way to promote their children's active development. They can do it if they have the heart. For example, Mr. Chen Heqin, a child psychologist and educator in China, found that his eldest son was playing games with a dirty and torn cloth and wanted to get angry, but he didn't get angry because he knew that getting angry could not solve the problem. He wanted to help his children find a clean cloth, but he didn't. Instead, he inspired them to love cleanliness and let them take the initiative to find ways to change dirty cloth. This practice did not hurt the child's self-esteem. On the contrary, it overcame the shortcomings, mobilized the child's consciousness and corrected his own shortcomings.
(5) guide the law according to the situation.
It is to induce children to distinguish right from wrong and form good moral character according to their original performance. When Mr. Wang told the story of Liu Hulan's heroic sacrifice, some children laughed when they saw other children drawing Donald Duck. Although Mr. Wang was angry, he handled the matter calmly. When he understood the situation, the children went home and asked their parents how many kinds of "smiles" there were, and under what circumstances? The next day, the children had a heated discussion and knew that Liu Hulan should not laugh when he died. This not only corrected the children's mistakes, but also made them master the knowledge of "laughter", improved their understanding and distinguished right from wrong.