? As a higher vocational college, this paper discusses the existing problems of graduates majoring in international trade practice in higher vocational colleges, and puts forward substantive methods to cultivate practical talents.
Keywords: practical teaching in higher vocational education
With the deepening of China's reform and opening up and world integration, more and more countries have set foot in or will set foot in international trade. China's foreign trade entered a period of rapid growth marked by its accession to the WTO on February 65, 2006. From 2002 to 2007, the total import and export trade of China increased by 265,438 0.8%, 37.65438 0% and 35.7% respectively. Although the subprime mortgage crisis in the United States triggered the strongest economic crisis since World War II, the total value of China's foreign trade import and export still reached $256163 million in 2008, an increase of 17.8%, while the total value of China's foreign trade import and export in 2009 was $2,207.27 billion, a year-on-year decrease of 13.9%. With the recovery of the world economy, the demand for foreign trade professionals will also expand rapidly.
1 Problems faced by graduates majoring in international trade practice
1. 1 Lack of applied knowledge and poor practical ability.
The personnel recruited by foreign trade enterprises mainly tend to be graduates with strong operational ability and are very familiar with the application of import and export business, because such graduates can start working without foreign trade enterprises investing too much energy in training, with strong working ability and easy to open up the situation. At present, a considerable number of fresh graduates have no practical ability except solid theoretical knowledge, and can't even draft and invoice.
1.2 lack of language communication skills.
People who do international trade clearly know that every step of commodity trading, from the initial inquiry, offer and counter-offer, to the acceptance and signing of contracts, is completed through the exchange of languages between the two sides. It's hard to imagine that two people who don't know each other's language at all can negotiate business well. Therefore, foreign languages are a very important issue for foreign trade enterprises and candidates. Many foreign trade enterprises report that there are very few candidates who can really talk fluently in foreign languages.
1.3 do not know the business and social etiquette customs of major trading partner countries.
Business social etiquette is a code of conduct that people should follow in the process of business activities or other social activities. In today's society, etiquette not only reflects the personal quality, but also reflects the professional ability of an excellent foreign trade personnel, and has become an extension of the image of a foreign trade enterprise; And also shows respect for the culture of one's own country and other countries, especially when dealing with businessmen in international trade. The root of some international trade failures lies in their ignorance of the customs and habits of trading partners, so foreign trade enterprises pay special attention to this. However, in the teaching of higher vocational colleges, few schools offer relevant content, and students do not pay attention to the learning of customs and business etiquette of major trading partners.
1.4 overall sensory comprehensive ability is low.
For graduates' comprehensive ability, this is a key issue for foreign trade enterprises to consider when recruiting, including self-confidence, sincerity, willpower, execution, loyalty to the enterprise, good psychological quality, communication skills, sense of responsibility, sense of teamwork, professional ethics, independent problem-solving ability and continuous learning ability. In today's increasingly fierce competition in the international market, only having certain professional knowledge can't meet the requirements. Therefore, comprehensive ability is also an important measure for foreign trade enterprises. Due to the rapid development of China, almost all international trade is now completed through the Internet. This requires students majoring in international trade practice to learn the operational skills of import and export business under the business model. IJC, for example, said that foreign trade companies themselves are all completed on computer systems, which requires not only making a complete set of documents accurately, but also completing them quickly on computers. However, a considerable number of graduates majoring in international trade practice do not have such operational skills.
2. Training methods of applied talents majoring in international trade practice
The development trend of higher vocational education is to train all kinds of professional and applied talents for the society, which requires students to master high-level vocational skills as well as various professional theoretical knowledge. The core of talent training lies in realization? Zero transition between graduates and jobs? That is, students can go to work after graduation Reduce or even eliminate the gap between the requirements of enterprises for professional skills and the practical ability of graduates. Therefore, for higher vocational colleges, only by establishing a set of high-quality and reasonable teaching mode system of combining work with study can we improve students' comprehensive quality and ability more effectively and continuously improve their ability to adapt to social development and changes. This is to aim at the social needs, aim at the actual needs of enterprises, take the cultivation of professional technical application ability as the main line, strengthen professional skills training, and enhance students' practical operation and hands-on ability. Cultivate useful and useful senior skilled personnel for enterprises. In order to achieve this goal better, we adopt the following methods. 1 Hire foreign trade professionals to teach.
For the new students, in order to let them have a perceptual knowledge of international trade practice, we invite experienced foreign trade personnel to give lectures. Let students know that as a foreign trade salesman, in addition to the knowledge of international trade, he should also have language skills (foreign languages), lofty ideals and ambitions, professionalism, down-to-earth, hard-working, communication skills, teamwork spirit, rigorous work style, ability to avoid risks and ability to solve problems. 2. Strengthen the application of cases in teaching.
The biggest difference between case teaching and traditional teaching methods is that teachers play the role of designers and motivators in teaching and encourage students to actively participate in discussions. On the one hand, case teaching can help students to strengthen their deep understanding of key points and difficulties; On the other hand, it can also help students accumulate practical experience. When using case teaching method, teachers should be fully prepared. The choice of cases is not in quantity, but in content, and try to highlight the authenticity and typicality of the selected cases and reflect the course content.
For example, a domestic export company received a letter of credit from a foreign company, and the goods were 40,000 lighters with a total value of 40,000 US dollars, allowing partial shipment by sea. Later, the customer faxed us an urgent need for 10000 lighters (65438+ 0.4 of the total quantity), asking for air transportation in advance, and proposed that this part of the payment be wired to us before delivery. What should I do if I encounter such a problem?
The students got the case and didn't know how to deal with it. We analyzed the contents of partial shipment and letter of credit in class. Because the letter of credit opened by the other party allows partial shipment, first, 10000 lighters will be airlifted immediately after receiving the telegraphic transfer; Secondly, there are 30 thousand lighters left by sea within the validity period of shipment; Then submit a full set of documents to the bank for negotiation. At this time, some students will ask, the amount of $40,000 in the letter of credit does not match the number of 40,000 lighters. Can the bank refuse to pay? . It is precisely because the provisions of the letter of credit allow partial shipment that the bank thinks that the goods have been shipped in batches. As long as the documents submitted by the exporter are completely consistent with the letter of credit, according to UCP600, the issuing bank will fulfill its payment responsibility with the consistent documents. In this way, this kind of problem can be solved satisfactorily. At the same time, the problem can be extended. If the customer wants to cancel the 10000 lighter, the exporter can take a similar approach.
Through the teaching of case analysis, we can cultivate students' various abilities to use what they have learned. First, cultivate students' ability to analyze the environment and situation; Secondly, integrate scattered knowledge points into a case to cultivate students' comprehensive ability to use knowledge; Thirdly, through analysis and discussion, the abstract theory, concept and practice are combined to cultivate students' practical ability; Fourth, cultivate students' independent work, thinking ability, written and oral expression ability. 3. Specialized course teaching is closely combined with teaching.
The close combination of specialized course teaching and foreign language teaching of international trade practice specialty must take solid professional knowledge as the main body and build a complete professional knowledge structure. Offering comprehensive English, foreign trade English, foreign trade correspondence and other courses to meet the needs of students in learning and applying foreign languages. Students are required to be proficient in foreign trade English and correspondence, and write as colloquially as possible. This stems from the fact that many foreign trade companies now provide relevant products and services to potential customers around the world by establishing their own websites and relying on the platform of foreign trade correspondence, thus attracting relevant customers to carry out business. 4. Pay attention to the cultivation of foreign-related business and social etiquette
From the feedback of foreign trade companies, in the past, the training of international trade professionals only focused on professional knowledge, and the graduates had solid professional knowledge. After hard work, they finally signed the contract, but because they didn't understand foreign customs and cultural differences, the contract they got was cancelled. To this end, we offer business and social etiquette courses to familiarize students with the customs and habits of major trading partners, and often conduct drills to make students master them skillfully.
2.5 Introduction of import and export business operation simulation platform
After learning the required professional knowledge of international trade, students are arranged to enter a simulated foreign trade company. The simulation course of import and export business operation is a simulation practice to cultivate students' practical operation ability of import and export business Relying on the well-designed course platform, students enter a simulated foreign trade company, experience the whole process of an export (or import) trade as company interns, complete each operation document by themselves and submit it online, and apply their professional knowledge to practice. Pass? Doing middle school? , realize? Familiar with the process of import and export trade and master the course objectives of operational skills.
The teaching of import and export business operation simulation course has its outstanding characteristics, but it is not static. Because the operation of import and export business in real life is constantly changing, teachers should also ask themselves to keep practicing? Doing middle school? Only in this way can we accurately grasp the teaching characteristics that meet the needs of practical work and can be realized in teaching. 6. Advocate students to obtain vocational qualification certificates.
According to the feedback from foreign trade companies, more than 90% of foreign trade companies pay more attention to students' vocational qualification certificates. First of all, under the current system, measuring whether a graduate has practical ability is the primary condition for foreign trade companies; Secondly, most of the contents involved in vocational qualification certificates are linked with practice, and a lot of knowledge related to practical operation can be obtained through participation. The professional qualification certificates of international trade practice mainly include: Level 4 (or Level 6 or Level 8) certificate, exporter certificate, customs broker certificate, merchandiser certificate, voucher certificate, freight forwarder certificate, international business engineer certificate and Cambridge Business English certificate. These professional qualification certificates are closely related to import and export business, involving every link of international trade. Higher vocational colleges should let students know the importance of qualification certificates and the main contents involved in various certificates, help and guide students' learning, and build a research platform for students to pass smoothly.
3 Conclusion
In a word, in order to solve the contradiction between the export of traditional teaching talents and the input of unit talents in the past, we should start with the link of higher vocational education, establish a perfect higher vocational education model, and enhance and strengthen practical teaching. From the initial theoretical teaching and classroom explanation to the stage of combining theory with practical operation teaching. Because higher vocational education trains first-line advanced skilled and practical talents, the teaching process must be guaranteed by the technical conditions of production posts, and the acquisition of students' skills can only be better reflected in practical operation training, thus achieving the goal of cultivating international trade practice students' ability to observe, analyze, find problems and solve practical problems in import and export business.
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