(1) Joining the World Trade Organization can increase China's initiative in bilateral and multilateral foreign trade negotiations, reduce the restrictions on China's export quotas by developed countries, especially the United States, and enable China to fully enjoy the benefits of participating in the international division of labor. The World Trade Organization (WTO) is a contractual arrangement based on the unanimous consent of the participants. It is an economic and democratic issue between countries with multilateral rules and disciplines and corresponding rule-making capabilities, dispute settlement mechanisms and organizations. Due to China's absence from the organization, China and developed countries are at a disadvantage in the negotiation of foreign trade agreements. Some competitive commodities that rely heavily on the international market are still restricted by quotas and threatened to withdraw from the international market. If we join the WTO as soon as possible, we can get the right to participate in the formulation of trade rules and protect the legitimate rights and interests of China enterprises. At the same time, there will be more choices when importing technology from developed countries, and China's activity space and initiative in the international economic arena will be greatly broadened and improved.

(2) China's accession to the WTO will help governments at all levels to update their concepts, correct their own behaviors, standardize the rules of the market game, improve the level and quality of administrative management, and effectively promote the all-round development of various reforms. The constitution of the World Trade Organization has clear provisions and requirements on the economic system attributes of countries applying for accession. In fact, the negotiation process of China's application in 13 was also a process of comprehensive institutional innovation. After the deregulation of the government, the market-oriented reform has made great achievements in stages, and the initial reform effect is gradually disappearing. In order to make China's market economy evolve in a quality, orderly and directional way, and to avoid the social disorder caused by the system vacuum in the process of transformation and the great decline of the overall social benefits, government innovation has become an urgent task at present. China's accession to the World Trade Organization will enable governments at all levels in China to truly experience and understand the operational norms of modern developed countries and the real details of modern civilized society, thus improving the scientificity, rationality and effectiveness of government decision-making. It is believed that soon after China's entry into WTO, the effective construction of China's government governance framework will be carried out in an all-round way, and the substantive change of the government governance framework is to vertically expand the operation of the national legal system. On the one hand, it will increase the authority of the central government in the process of establishing a country ruled by law, which is conducive to the implementation of social purification measures. On the other hand, it is also conducive to improving the administrative efficiency of local governments, clearly defining the scope of responsibilities of governments at all levels and ensuring the quality of public products provided by the government. The reconstruction of government governance framework can also promote the transformation of government ideas, make it consistent with the market spirit required by WTO, and thus promote the transformation of thinking mode in the process of marketization in China. The traditional government idea of our country emphasizes the control of the distribution right of social resources (including political power, economic resources and life factors), and its long-term result is that it blurs the understanding of the concept of social justice, makes the policy point deviate from the productive efforts aimed at increasing social wealth, and overemphasizes the "reasonable" distribution of existing wealth, which is easy to lead to the proliferation of speculative activities (politics and economy) and is not conducive to the orderly and sustained growth of the national economy. Therefore, the foothold of government's concept innovation is to reset the rules of social games, change the government's practice of emphasizing distributive efforts to ensure productive efforts, and effectively ensure that the results brought by productive efforts can be returned to producers in any case in the process of law enforcement.

(3) China's accession to the World Trade Organization will, in the long run, reshape the competitive consciousness of China enterprises and enhance the leading role of China enterprises in the knowledge innovation and application system. As the micro-foundation of national economy, enterprise is also the most important subject in market economy. The situation of enterprises is directly related to the quality of macroeconomic operation and the maturity of the market in a country. In traditional enterprises in China, the spirit of innovation is obviously insufficient, and its influence is manifested in the long-term low industrial level, obvious labor-intensive characteristics, low labor knowledge and skills, and lack of effective micro-pillar system of high-tech industrialization. How to change this situation? The reform practice since 1978 tells us that in a society lacking effective market rules, the internal quality of enterprises cannot be fundamentally improved. After China's accession to the World Trade Organization, WTO members will inevitably ask China to ensure that its domestic legal system does not conflict with WTO rules. Under this kind of external pressure, China enterprises will realize the great transformation of enterprise spirit and concept in a more open space. At the same time, China's market system construction and market mechanism design will be further in line with international practices, and all kinds of service-oriented and supervisory market intermediaries will further standardize their behaviors, which will promote the regeneration of China enterprises. The innovation of market system and enterprise system will breed a scientific and effective entrepreneur selection mechanism, create a real entrepreneur team, and effectively shoulder the functions of promoting knowledge dissemination and stimulating technological innovation, thus improving the international competitiveness of China industries.

(4) China's accession to the WTO will rapidly change the management of service trade and enliven the intermediary service market in China. Opening more fields such as finance, insurance, retail business, aviation, telecommunications, etc. can change the traditional non-commercial business model and monopoly market pattern of China enterprises in these fields, and carry out institutional innovation from within. From 65438 to 0992, the positive effects of Shanghai's first opening of the life insurance market fully proved this point, mainly in three aspects: first, it realized the diversification and continuous innovation of insurance types, prompted state-owned insurance institutions to change their business philosophy, and really learned to design life insurance products from the perspective of customers to meet the actual needs of insured households, thus realizing the inherent functions of insurance; Second, claims are timely and credible, and honesty is the creed of insurance companies. This creed focuses on timely and effective claims settlement to protect the interests of the insured. Third, the service is proactive and thoughtful, combining with the thinking characteristics of "emotion-reason-law" in China people's life concept, we have carried out business activities, expanded the scope of insurance services, and achieved good social effects. It took 50 years for the above-mentioned transformation in western countries and only 6 years for Shanghai, which shows that opening up the service market to the outside world has contributed a lot.

The possible negative impact of China's accession to the WTO in the short term;

(1) Joining the WTO may change the pattern of China's foreign trade surplus and reduce the scale of China's foreign exchange reserves. In the short term, China should first reduce tariffs, cancel export tax rebate subsidies, and open the domestic market, among which the biggest tariff reduction is consumer goods. China has a large population, and there is a huge demand for consumer goods. Due to the advantages of similar foreign consumer goods in quality, packaging and brand, it is easy to quickly occupy the consumer goods market in China. At the same time, due to the low quality of China enterprises' labor force, slow updating of technology and equipment, unsatisfactory product quality and backward operating mechanism, it is difficult for China enterprises' products to enter the international market on a large scale in the short term, which may lead to a trade deficit and reduce China's foreign exchange reserves.

(2) China's accession to the WTO may cause a considerable number of enterprises to close down in the short term, and the unemployment problem will become more prominent. After China's entry into WTO, our government must first promise to reduce tariffs and remove non-tariff barriers. At present, countries negotiating with China require China to implement zero tariffs on the import of agricultural products and chemical products. In terms of overall tariff coordination, China's average import duty is required to be reduced from 44.6% in 1992 to 8.9%, among which the United States requires that the average tariff of 4,073 industrial products in China be reduced to 6.9%, and the protective tariff of China's weak industries such as automobile industry should be controlled below 40%. At present, China implements an import quota and license system for 35 kinds of commodities, and all the negotiating countries require China to remove these non-tariff barriers. Compared with more developed countries, China's industry as a whole is still in a relatively backward position, with backward technology and equipment and high product cost. Once the tariff and non-tariff protection are abolished, it will be at a disadvantage in the price competition in the finished product market, and a large number of enterprises may go bankrupt in the short term. The abolition of trade barriers is different from the landing of foreign-funded enterprises during the reform and opening up more than 20 years ago. The landing of foreign-funded enterprises can absorb a large number of labor while crowding out national industrial enterprises, while removing trade barriers is to directly open the domestic market to foreign goods, which can not absorb labor employment while intensifying market competition. Therefore, after China's accession to the WTO, the unemployment problem will become more prominent.

(3) After joining WT0, it may aggravate the depression of China stock market and the operational difficulties of domestic securities companies in the short term. Due to the congenital deficiency of state-owned enterprises in China, under the strong impact of external forces, the benefits will drop sharply. At the same time, it will inevitably affect the trend of the stock market. The problems existing in China's stock market are as follows: ① Due to large government intervention and incoherent policies, the stock market cannot fully operate according to the inherent requirements of the market mechanism; (2) The operation of listed companies is not standardized, and most shares cannot be circulated; ③ The stock market is small; (4) Securities companies are small in scale and lack of self-owned funds; ⑤ The rules of the market game are not perfect, especially the operating system of the stock market is not perfect, such as the stock market has no hedging function. This will put China's securities industry at a disadvantage in the competition with powerful and experienced foreign counterparts.

In a word, after China's accession to the WTO, it will encounter a strong impact in the short term. If the enterprises and markets in China can learn the experience and laws of market operation from the impact, and gradually attack through short-term retreat, the quality of enterprises in China will be greatly improved.