In World War II, German and Japanese fascists did many inhuman human medical experiments on the grounds of testing chemical and biological weapons, and many people were killed at that time. This incident has aroused great concern in the medical field all over the world. In order to avoid the recurrence of this nightmare, the World Health Organization and relevant experts in the medical and legal fields have studied and published the Nuremberg Code and the Helsinki Declaration, which have imposed relevant ethical norms and restrictions on human experiments.

Medical human experiment is a necessary condition for the existence and development of medicine, especially after the emergence of modern experimental medicine, scientific human experiment has become the core of medical research and the key to medical development. So what are the basic ethical principles to follow when doing human experiments? First, human experiments must have a legitimate purpose; Secondly, human experiments must reasonably protect the interests of subjects, which means ensuring the physical and mental safety of subjects; Furthermore, human experiments must be carried out with the informed consent of the subjects, and informed consent is the premise of human experiments; Finally, human experiments must abide by strict study style, which is the basic principle of scientific research ethics, while human experiments emphasize strict scientific study style.

Clinically, we will also face some more realistic ethical problems: first, the fair choice of subjects, which mainly refers to ensuring that the burden borne by subjects and the benefits obtained by subjects are fair and balanced when selecting subjects; The second issue is the special guarantee of informed consent. Informed consent in human trials is very different from routine clinical diagnosis and treatment, which requires special ethical requirements: firstly, the subjects' right to know should be fully guaranteed, and the subjects should be informed of the purpose, methods, risks and benefits of the study, and at the same time, they should be informed that they have the right to freely refuse to participate in the study and withdraw from the study at any time without punishment, such as disability and death caused by the study; Secondly, all the procedures of informed consent must be strictly implemented, and the subjects must sign the informed consent form; In addition, it also includes the informed consent of the agent. If it is not suitable for the subject to exercise the right of informed consent, the order of agents should be: spouse? Adult children? What about other adult family members? Other personnel.