First, stimulate students' interest in writing.
Interest in learning is the core factor of students' learning consciousness and enthusiasm. Once students are interested in learning, learning is no longer a burden, but a diligent exploration and persistent pursuit. Einstein said, "Interest is the best teacher." Confucius, an ancient educator in China, also said: "Knowing is not as good as being kind, and being kind is not as good as being happy." ① It is the first step of composition teaching in primary schools, and it is also a guide to the success of composition teaching. How to stimulate students' interest in writing?
Ask students to write familiar content and stimulate interest with "fun".
The composition proposition should be open, with a wide range of topics, closely surrounding students' familiar life, taking people or things, scenes or things around them as the content of the composition, stimulating students' interest in writing, and making them feel a desire to express themselves and an impulse to say whatever they want. For example, according to the students' ideological status, the proposition is "XX, I want to tell you". For example, according to the characteristics of primary school students like games. We can carefully design the content of the game. Before the game, tell the students to pay attention to the progress of the game and pay attention to the words, deeds and expressions of the students. After the game, organize students to talk about the process and discuss the truth learned from the game. When students are in high spirits, they will naturally speak in high spirits, and it is not difficult to write and they are interested.
Stimulate writing desire with the joy of success.
In order to make students write persistently and consciously, the most important thing is to let students taste the joy of success, gradually form habits and enjoy learning. In practice, I will do the following work in detail: First, give students confidence with affirmation. The student's composition was taken to the class as a model essay, and the little author's eyes lit up and his face was happy. Even if students' writing is very unsuccessful, they should be given encouraging comments, and even some poor students' compositions should be revised and read aloud in class to stimulate students' interest in writing, especially poor students. Secondly, we should encourage the composition evaluation to "applaud" the advantages of the composition, even if only one word is used vividly, one sentence is written well or one place is innovative. Let them feel "I can write", from "afraid of writing" to "willing to write", step by step, and finally achieve the goal of * * *. The third is to run the class's exercise garden well, and post excellent articles and paragraphs on it for the whole class to learn and appreciate. Students can also be encouraged and guided to contribute to newspapers and periodicals.
Carry out various forms of composition activities to stimulate interest in writing.
Pupils are curious and expressive, and various forms of homework activities can arouse students' interest in homework. For example, read newspapers before class, so that students can read their excellent works on the platform, or read good articles and wonderful fragments seen in the composition selection, so that every student has the opportunity to participate and perform. In order to express themselves, they will be interested in finding or writing their own satisfactory exercises after class. Another example is to carry out composition competition activities, which is an effective means to stimulate students' interest in writing. Psychologists' research shows that most people study and work much better in the competition than in the absence of competition because of their growing interest in learning and perseverance in overcoming difficulties. Primary school students like to express themselves and are competitive. Competing gives them more opportunities to participate and express themselves. This can not only adjust the atmosphere formed by previous practice, but also stimulate students' interest in "I want to write" and improve the quality of practice in a large area.
We can also use guidance to stimulate interest and create situations to stimulate interest to cultivate students' interest in writing. Cultivating writing interest is the breakthrough of composition teaching and the basic point of guiding students' composition to success.
Second, learn to write from reading and combine reading with writing.
The Chinese syllabus for primary schools clearly stipulates: "Writing teaching and reading teaching are closely coordinated ... When writing teaching, students should be guided to flexibly use the knowledge and skills in reading." (2) Reading is absorption, writing is expression, and reading is the basis of writing. Students draw nutrition from reading, which is beneficial for students to learn to write from reading and improve their writing ability. This is also the basic way of composition teaching.
1, learn the structure and expression of the article from reading.
In the practice of writing teaching, as teachers, we should consciously infiltrate composition guidance into reading teaching, and guide students to learn the methods of observing things, analyzing things, choosing words and making sentences, connecting sentences into paragraphs and connecting paragraphs into articles. After learning a text, pay attention to analyze the structure and writing of the text. For example, when studying the text "Remember Dad", the author adopts the total score structure. First of all, he always writes about his father's good qualities, then describes his good qualities with examples, and finally summarizes them. The second part is the most specific, showing the spiritual quality of dad from several specific examples, with proper details and clear priorities. Guide students to learn this text, understand the content of the text, but also pay attention to guide students to analyze the writing characteristics and expression of this article, and understand how the author chooses materials and writes vivid characters, that is, how to plan the layout of the article. Another example is learning "Remember Jinhua Shuanglong Cave", and pay attention to the structural characteristics of learning travel notes. In teaching, we should persistently infiltrate writing teaching into reading teaching, and improve students' writing ability through long-term subtle influence.
Contact the text, imitate appropriately, and seek innovation through imitation.
Chinese and foreign writers have always emphasized creation, but they can imitate it appropriately in their writing. For example, when writing "Visiting XXX Park", students can be asked to describe the weather before the tour at first, and then they can be guided to imitate the first paragraph of the text "Skydiving for the first time". Although there are no scenery such as "airport" and "airplane" in the park, there can be "white clouds floating in the blue sky, sunrise rises in the east …", and students can be guided to imitate the first natural paragraph in the text "Visiting Liujiaxia Hydropower Station" and directly ask when and with whom to visit XX Park happily. Under such guidance, students will soon learn it, which will make a good start for this composition and lay a good foundation for the further development of the theme. While guiding imitation, we should also pay attention to innovation and write exercises with our own characteristics.
3. Strengthen reading and reciting training to cultivate a sense of language.
As the saying goes, "Reading can break thousands of volumes, and writing is like a god", "You can recite poems by reading 300 Tang poems". There is a profound truth in this: articles originate from accumulation. Only when the language has accumulated to a certain extent can there be a flood of ideas and flowers in the pen. Otherwise, even if there are a lot of thoughts, it is difficult to have a few words on the pen. In ancient times, some scholars, such as Han Yu and Su Dongpo, never studied grammar, rhetoric and logic at all, but they can write good articles that have been passed down through the ages. The secret is that they read and even recited a lot of excellent works, forming a keen sense of language. Therefore, the accumulation of language and the formation of language sense are lazy to read more and recite more. Practice has proved that the formation of writing ability in using language also requires reading more and remembering more, reading more in class and reading more and remembering more outside class. In teaching, we must strengthen reading training. It is required to read words and phrases correctly, so as to achieve eye reading, oral reading and mental reading, and appropriately increase the amount of reciting. Through reading and reciting, students can convert the language of textbooks into their own language, so that it is not difficult to write.
4. Take reading notes.
Reading notes refer to some written records made by people when reading books and newspapers. Writing reading notes is a good reading method. Writing reading notes can improve our thinking ability and writing ability and form good reading habits. Therefore, in order to improve students' writing ability, it is necessary to guide students to take notes and take notes of texts in class, but this is far from enough. We should also guide students to read a lot of extra-curricular books and make good reading notes. The specific method is to extract beautiful words, witty sentences and wonderful fragments from the book and recite them repeatedly. Only after long-term accumulation, the language will be enriched, and a large number of vivid sentences will flock to the pen when writing.
Third, practice is the key, practice speaking and writing.
The general requirements of the new syllabus for exercise teaching are: "You can write your own experiences, feelings and imagination, so that the content is specific, the feelings are true, there is a certain degree of organization, the sentences are fluent, the handwriting is neat, and you should be careful not to write typos, and you can use common punctuation marks. Develop a good habit of paying attention to observation, thinking seriously, writing diligently, and seriously revising your composition. " ④ In the general requirements of this exercise teaching, the nature of writing exercises is highlighted. To improve students' writing ability, practice is the key to teaching, and practicing speaking and writing is the golden key to help students open the door to composition. How to guide students to practice?
1, stick to life, practice speaking and writing colorful life materials.
Life is the source of writing, and countless new things happen around us every day, so we should be good at recording life. Mao Dun told us: "You should take a pencil and a herbal book with you. No matter where you go, you should erect your ears like a sentry, be vigilant and write down what you see and hear at any time. " However, some students turn a blind eye to this and turn a deaf ear. It can be seen that the fundamental reason why there is nothing to write is that you are not good at observing, just a bystander of life.
In rural areas, a teacher said: "Rural information is blocked, students' knowledge and experience are limited, and there is a lack of extracurricular reading materials, so composition students feel that there is nothing to write. "In fact, rural areas have the characteristics of rural areas. Our teachers should guide students to give full play to the advantages of rural areas and tap the source of composition. The rural world is vast and endless in content. In training, we should actively guide students to capture what they see, see, do and feel, such as the scenery of the four seasons, poultry raised, crops in the field, used furniture, farm work, flowers and trees on the mountain, birds, animals, fish and insects in nature, relatives and friends coming and going, etc ... The key is to be good at observing and analyzing people, things, scenery and things around us. Guide students to live attentively and practice speaking and writing this colorful life material.
2. Practice telling the truth and writing true feelings.
The composition tells the true story and true feelings, but in writing, students sometimes make things up in order to complete the task, or copy others, or moan without illness, and the composition has become a lie for many students. In the students' pen, all the classmates can't afford to pick up money, all the teachers work with illness, all the neighbors are helpful, and all the hometowns are beautiful and rich. The content is the same, lacking new ideas, and sometimes it is even difficult to give students an evaluation, but I just feel that something is wrong. In this regard, when guiding students to practice, I pay attention to cultivating students to form the habit of telling the truth and telling stories in practice, which is very important for cultivating students to be a practical person.