Online banking articles 1
Problems and Countermeasures in the Healthy Development of Online Banking in China
In the face of fierce market competition, how to innovate products and services, improve core competitiveness and promote the healthy development of online banking is a serious problem facing banks.
First, the development status of online banking in China
(A) the development of online banking in China.
The development of online banking in China mainly includes four stages. ? Virtual bank? Stage (the end of 1990s) refers to the online banking directly established on the Internet without traditional business outlets. ? Online banking combining entity and virtual? Stage (2006 54 38+0-2006) refers to the existing traditional banks connecting the existing closed private network system with the network to provide real Internet services. In the third stage (from 2006 to now), banks began to take customers as the center and change according to demand. Banks have launched new online banking products to meet the different needs of different customers. The fourth stage is the future development stage of online banking. Online banking will become the main way for banks to conduct business, and traditional banks will be fully integrated into internet finance, and even online banking will no longer be distinguished separately.
(B) the importance of developing online banking
1. Eliminate service time and space restrictions. The online banking service replaces the boundedness of traditional business time and space with the fuzziness of time and space boundary, eliminates the time and space limitation of service, and really realizes it? aaa？ Service means providing services to customers anytime, anywhere and in any way.
2. Reduce the operating costs of banks. Online banking services are provided in the form of network, and there is no need to set up special outlets and counters. Only a few people are employed to ensure that the original business volume will not be reduced. The traditional mode of counters and business outlets will gradually be replaced by network forms, and banks will realize high-quality personalized services at low cost.
3. Reduce the pressure of counter work. The development of online banking can effectively divert the traditional counter business, thus reducing the pressure on the counter. Online banking is convenient, fast and easy to operate, which enables customers to independently and quickly complete the business of account inquiry and transfer, thus effectively transferring the counter business to the Internet, reducing the work pressure of counter operators and reducing the waiting time of customers.
Second, the problems in the development of online banking in China
Lack of legal protection
1. The relevant laws and regulations are not perfect. Generally speaking, domestic laws and regulations can not provide sufficient legal protection for the development of online banking business, and can not make a fair ruling on disputes arising in online transactions and protect legitimate rights and interests. Therefore, it is necessary for China's laws and regulations to match the norms of online banking as soon as possible, and perfect financial laws and regulations should be promulgated to guarantee it.
2. The crackdown on crime is weak. Cybercriminals illegally invade computer systems, destroy the functions of computer information systems, create and spread computer viruses, cheat financial institutions, steal personal information of customers, forge transaction records, and use financial institutions to launder money. The means of committing crimes are hidden and complicated, and the degree of harm is getting higher and higher. However, the provisions of the criminal law on computer crime are relatively rough, with light sentencing and insufficient deterrence.
(B) weak internal control mechanism
Online banking has the characteristics of few management levels, short management chain, high operation efficiency and strong autonomy of customers' transactions, which is bound to have an impact on the original organizational system, management system, business process and operation mode of commercial banks. Its staff and customers engage in illegal operations in the weak links of internal control mechanism, which makes commercial banks face various risks and will inevitably endanger the healthy and rapid development of online banking.
(C) the lack of business types
1. Single business type. Due to the restriction of many factors, such as separate operation, imperfect credit system of individuals and enterprises, the types of online banking in China are relatively single and the business scope is narrow. It only provides customers with traditional services such as expense accounting, inquiry, reconciliation, internal and external transfer, online securities, investment and wealth management.
2. Lack of innovative products. There are many innovative business types of foreign online banks that traditional banks do not have or cannot operate. To a great extent, domestic banks still regard online business as a supplement to the existing service channels of banks, so it is difficult to make a big breakthrough in the overall business development ideas, with similar business varieties and serious homogenization.
(d) Lack of industry cooperation
First, domestic commercial banks have poor connectivity and lack of cooperation, resulting in repeated construction and waste of resources. Second, commercial banks themselves lack unity. Except for a few emerging commercial banks, all branches of state-owned commercial banks have their own computer systems, and the software and hardware are not unified, and the network platform system is not unified.
Third, the healthy development of China's online banking countermeasures
(A) improve the financial legal protection
1. Improve relevant laws and regulations. First of all, it is suggested to amend the Criminal Procedure Law and take electronic evidence as a new type of evidence. Then, it is suggested to clarify the legal concept, status, cross-examination rules and verification rules of electronic evidence in the unified evidence law, so as to ensure the effective establishment of the legal status and identification rules of electronic evidence to the greatest extent.
2. Strengthen crime supervision. In order to ensure the steady development of online banking business, we should further formulate more specific and operable legal provisions on online banking crimes and intensify the crackdown on online banking crimes. In foreign countries, freedom punishment, property punishment and qualification punishment are usually used comprehensively for cyber crimes, while in China, only freedom punishment is stipulated, and the statutory maximum punishment for the crime of illegally invading computer information systems is three years. China can add the provisions of charges in the criminal law, and the provisions of conviction and sentencing for online banking money laundering, counterfeiting and copying electronic money to attack the online banking system.
(B) the establishment of a scientific internal control mechanism
1. Supervise banks to use online banking. First of all, supervise the internal personnel of the operation management system, make clear the division of responsibilities and rights of each post or employee in business operation, and undertake corresponding work responsibilities according to their respective work nature and authority. Secondly, supervise the internal staff who handle online banking business, and put an end to all aspects of any individual's business.
2. Supervise customers to use online banking. Firstly, the identity of bank customers is verified by applying digital certificates to ensure the reliability, integrity and confidentiality of customer transaction information. Secondly, according to the needs of customers, combined with internal management needs, the operation authority is managed. Including service content and fund limit.
(3) Increase the types of banking business.
1. Expand business scope. According to? Law of 28? , subdivide and aim at the China market, strengthen publicity and marketing for these high-yield customers, and expand VIP services, including professional financial consultants, fund change tips, important holiday gifts, etc. And keep their loyalty.
2. Improve profitability. Differentiated pricing is adopted for customer groups, and individual customers are mainly free, supplemented by bundled sales. Relationship pricing is implemented for enterprise customers, that is, differential pricing is implemented according to customer credit and business strength. Analyze the credit situation and adopt a preferential charging system for companies with strong operating strength.
3. Develop innovative products. First, innovate online financial products and services with customers as the center to meet the needs of different customers. Secondly, learn from foreign experience and develop high-level innovative intermediary business, such as collecting and paying on behalf of customers and financing on behalf of others.
(4) Strengthen cooperation in the banking system.
1. Build an information network platform. Through the improvement of their own software and hardware facilities and security technology, banks should formulate relevant systems, designate special personnel to supervise, release information in time, and build a safe and unified information network platform.
2. Realize the joint promotion of products. Customers who buy online banking services are mostly rational in consumption psychology, and only online banking brands recognized by consumers can become their final choice. Banks can jointly promote their online banking products, set up a promotion team and hold a promotion meeting to let customers better understand online banking products. Joint product promotion will make online banking, a high-tech product, go deep into customers' hearts and improve customers' awareness. At the same time, the popularity and loyalty of the brand promoted by * * * is not only a considerable intangible asset, but also the source of continuous profit creation in the online banking industry.
3. Enjoy credit rating resources. Major domestic commercial banks should * * enjoy their own credit rating resources, formulate unified credit rating indicators, analyze the credit ratings enjoyed by * *, enjoy the credit status and credit-related data of existing customers of each bank, and integrate relevant information by professionals.
Online Banking Papers II
On the Risk of Online Banking and Its Supervision
First, the problems in the development of online banking
The popularity and wide application of the Internet not only enriches people's lives, but also promotes the emergence and development of online banking. However, in the development of online banking, due to its short history and rapid development, various problems have also appeared.
First of all, the development of online banking can not get rid of the restrictive role of Internet technology. Because online banking is the product of the application of information network technology to a certain extent, it has the inherent virtuality of information network system and the risk of network; Secondly, under the network environment, the security problem of online banking financial business is more serious. There are a lot of credit risks and payment and settlement risks. For online banking, we should pay special attention to controlling all kinds of risks in online banking operation and how to prevent them. Thirdly, under the current legal system and regulations, it is difficult to effectively supervise online banking. The virtuality of network system increases the uncertainty of online banking financial business, and the laws, regulations and means of financial supervision can't keep up with the innovative development of online banking, which leads to the phenomenon that online banking supervision is out of touch with the development of online banking.
Two. Risk types of online banking
Online banking, also known as online banking, refers to the virtual banking counter based on the network platform, which provides customers with convenient and fast services such as information consultation, transaction transfer, credit, investment and wealth management through internet technology.
Technical risks of online banking: online banking is a virtual financial service model and a virtual counter based on information system or network operation. Therefore, the technical risk and management risk of electronic information system have become the inevitable natural risks of online banking itself. Specific technical risks include: the risk of technology selection, the risk of unstable network system, the risk of computer being hacked, and the risk of computer virus destruction.
B. Business risks of online banking: In the process of online financial services, the financial services provided by online banking are obviously fictitious. This virtual feature makes both parties to the transaction or payment or the party enjoying financial services only conduct various financial transactions, payments or settlements through the network. Therefore, in the operation of online banking, there will be major business risks including online banking credit risk and payment and settlement risk. Business risks include: credit risk, settlement risk, operational risk and market choice risk.
C legal risks of online banking: at present, online banking is in a high-speed development stage in many countries, and most countries cannot establish corresponding laws and regulations in time for various reasons, lacking corresponding laws and regulations for the protection and management of online consumers' rights and interests. Even if there are laws and regulations, there are law enforcement officers who can't effectively enforce the law, which leads to the lack of compliance with laws and lax enforcement of laws in online banking, and the legal environment of online banking is chaotic to some extent. So, online banking.
Third, the risk analysis of online banking
Because the risks of online banking are generated under the background of the development of network technology, the reasons are complex and involve a wide range, but there are mainly the following reasons: the lack of experience of online banking itself leads to risks; Customer credit creates moral hazard; Risks caused by lagging legislation and imperfect laws; The virtuality and changeable service mode of online banking increase the difficulty of supervision; Defects in the internal control system of banks lead to risks.
Fourth, the supervision of online banking.
The importance of online banking supervision is mainly manifested in the following aspects: 1) Optimize the development environment of online banking and promote the development of commercial banks. 2) Prevent moral hazard caused by lack of credit. 3) Ensure the smooth implementation of the central bank's monetary policy. 4) protect the interests of customers.
According to the above analysis, governments and central regulatory agencies can take the following regulatory measures when dealing with the financial risks of online banking.
(A) to strengthen the policy and legal construction of online banking
The vacuum of the legal system, the insufficient construction of existing laws and the ineffective implementation of laws are one of the fundamental reasons why many governments lack sufficient supervision ability for online banking. The development of online banking has only been more than ten years, and the legal system is not perfect, and the national conditions of different countries are different. In addition, the laws involved in online banking are very complex and extensive, which makes it difficult to formulate and implement the relevant legal system of online banking quickly and effectively in a short time.
(2) Improve the off-site supervision system.
Off-site supervision has the characteristics of wide coverage, strong continuity and difficult supervision. Financial supervision authorities should conform to the development trend of online banking, and gradually change from on-site audit supervision to the combination of on-site audit supervision and off-site supervision, focusing on off-site supervision, broadening the inspection scope of off-site supervision and shortening the inspection period.
(3) Strictly regulate the information disclosure requirements of online banking.
Because online banking financial institutions are in a favorable position in online banking transactions, they unilaterally grasp a large number of financial transaction data and record and analyze statistical results, and consumers and customers are in an obvious passive position of information asymmetry. Online banking institutions shall timely release relevant information about their business and financial status to the public and customers. In short, virtual financial services on the Internet need flexible information disclosure methods to maintain effective information supervision.
(D) the establishment of a unified financial certification center
In the financial business of online banking, in order to ensure the authenticity and reliability of financial transactions and payment activities, a unique mechanism is needed to verify the true identities of both parties in business activities. At present, the most effective method is to issue certificates to the relevant parties of e-commerce by authoritative certification bodies or central bank supervision authorities. The financial authentication center is an authentication institution established to guarantee financial transactions. Its main function is to authenticate individuals, units and events in financial activities to ensure the safety of financial activities. In the process of online banking financial transactions, certification bodies are third-party institutions that provide identity verification. It is not only responsible for both parties to the transaction, but also responsible for the transaction order of the entire online banking.
In short, the internal supervision of online banking and the supervision of the central bank's financial supervision authorities are indispensable for the steady and sustainable development of online banking. In addition to the original regulatory measures, some innovative measures can be introduced, such as paying real-name registration system, that is, using ID number and corresponding password to log in or confirm personal information. The real-name registration system is more conducive to the convenience and effectiveness of online banking and financial supervision. You can also apply for insurance and handle insurance business in the process of online banking financial transactions, so as to reduce the risks arising in the transaction process.
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