Academic papers are articles published by scientific or social researchers in academic books or journals to introduce their research results. Academic papers often emphasize original work summary, but they can also be a review and evaluation of previous work summary, which is also often called summary. With the rise of electronic format from traditional printed version to Internet, the publication of academic papers is undergoing great changes. The most important thing in a paper is argument, argument and argument, so we must pay attention to these three points in writing.

Thesis writing is simply the writing of graduation thesis in colleges and universities, including undergraduate thesis, graduate thesis and doctoral thesis, which extends to the writing of thesis topics and scientific papers. Generally speaking, thesis writing, that is, college graduates, scientific and technological workers and staff of various scientific research institutions and institutions, make academic summary and innovation on their study and work according to certain paper format and word requirements. [ 1]

A paper generally consists of title, author, abstract, keywords, text, references and appendices, some of which (such as appendices) are dispensable. The order of each composition is: title, author, abstract, keywords, English title, English abstract, English keywords, text, references, appendix and thanks.

The following are described in turn according to the structural order of the paper.

Propositional model

Concise and to the point. Methods of English titles ① English titles mainly appear in the form of phrases, especially noun phrases, that is, titles basically consist of one or several nouns plus their prepositions and/or postattributives; The title of phrase type should determine the head word and then modify it before and after. The order of each word is very important, and improper word order will lead to inaccurate expression. (2) Generally don't use declarative sentences, because the title mainly plays a marking role, and declarative sentences are easy to make the title judgmental, not refined and not eye-catching. In a few cases (critical, comprehensive and refuting), the question can be used as the title, because the question has an exploratory tone and is easy to arouse the reader's interest. The English title and Chinese title of the same paper should be consistent in content, but it does not mean that the words should correspond to each other. In many cases, individual non-material words can be omitted or changed. ④ Foreign sci-tech journals generally have restrictions on the number of words in titles, and some stipulate that titles should not exceed 2 lines, and each line should not exceed 42 printed symbols and spaces; Some require that the title should not exceed 14 words. These regulations can be used for our reference. ⑤ In the English title of the paper. Don't use anything that can or can't be used.