This paper mainly introduces Kuhn's scientific development model: pre-science → conventional science → abnormality and crisis → scientific revolution → new conventional science. The core of Kuhn's model is the change of paradigm. In Kuhn's model of scientific development, science develops in a periodic cycle and transits from one conventional science to another through scientific revolution. There is not only the general knowledge accumulation process in the conventional science period, but also the paradigm replacement process in the scientific revolution period.
First, the pre-scientific stage. The so-called pre-science is the primitive scientific stage that has not yet formed the "paradigm" of this discipline. Before computer science forms a concrete theoretical science, computer science should belong to the pre-scientific stage. At this stage, in the pioneer era of mechanical computers, those so-called "computers" are all based on mechanical operation mode. Although some products begin to introduce some electrical contents, they are all subordinate and mechanical, and have not yet entered the flexible field of computer: logical operation.
Second, the stage of conventional science. Scientists have formed a recognized "paradigm" after long-term research and debate, and rely on the * * * paradigm to unify everyone into a scientific * * * body. It can be said that the formation of this paradigm is the great achievement of predecessors' continuous exploration and theoretical research, and the result of the combination of theory and practice on the basis of predecessors' theories. After that, computer science formed a complete theoretical system, which provided a clear direction for future generations to continue scientific research on computers. It also makes computer science stand proudly in the field of natural science. Provide incredible help for people's production and life.
Third, the metamorphosis stage. New things emerge one after another in scientific exploration. When scientists discover new things, new phenomena and new phenomena beyond the expectation of the paradigm, it is difficult to explain them with the paradigm. This is an abnormal phenomenon. The emergence of anomalies has prompted more scientists to collect more anomalies through observation and experiments to confirm anomalies. In today's society, we can clearly see that people's needs are no longer simply to learn to use computers and understand what computers are. But how to make people feel comfortable and convenient when using computers again, how to combine computers with other disciplines better, and how to solve the problems of other disciplines. Computer researchers should combine computer-related theories with the characteristics of other disciplines to conduct in-depth research. The wave of new technological revolution is both a challenge and an opportunity for computer science. Computer scientists should seize the opportunity, not limited to the academic views of predecessors, boldly raise objections and promote the renewal and revolution of computer science theory.
Fourth, the crisis stage. When a large number of abnormal phenomena appear and become a difficult problem that conventional science cannot solve, people begin to doubt the paradigm, lose trust in the paradigm, and the same body of science begins to split, so it is possible to break the rules of the old paradigm and turn to accept the new paradigm. Because the conventional science dominated by the old paradigm is facing the test of life and death, deformity will inevitably lead to crisis. With the emergence of abnormal phenomena, the development direction of computers has become the most concerned issue for computer workers. The computer industry has not yet reached a consensus on the future development direction of computers. People of insight realize that only the infiltration and combination of computers with other disciplines is the only correct way for computer development and can keep pace with the development of the times. There is no point in developing computers just for the sake of developing them. Therefore, in the face of the crisis, computer workers must establish firm beliefs and do a lot of hard and meticulous work to meet the arrival of the computer science revolution.
Fifth, the stage of scientific revolution. The emergence of large-scale and ultra-large-scale computers is the product of the combination of computer science and the most advanced natural science and social science at that time, and its achievements play a very important role in the future development of computers. The era we live in today is different from the era of large-scale and ultra-large-scale computers, but it is also very similar. We have the guidance of Marxist philosophy, the most scientific philosophy in modern times, the rapid development of natural science and the increasingly extensive relationship between disciplines. Especially in recent decades, natural science has turned to the trend of re-integration on the basis of high differentiation. The rise of modern system theory, information theory, cybernetics, synergetics, dissipative structure theory and other marginal and comprehensive disciplines, the transformation from the initial computer hardware to computer software and hardware, and the emergence of "artificial intelligence" and "communication engineering" have provided possible and favorable conditions for the revolution of computer science.
Sixth, the new conventional science stage. After the scientific revolution, science has become a new conventional science and entered a gradual development under the guidance of a new paradigm. The history of science is an endless process in which conventional science and scientific revolution alternate constantly. The new theoretical system (new paradigm) of traditional Chinese medicine that keeps pace with the times will continue to develop with the development of social science and natural science. This new theory is described in modern language, so it is easily accepted by people all over the world, widely welcomed because of its overall dialectical characteristics, and makes the subject itself contain unlimited development potential. The new computer theory system will also have feedback and far-reaching influence on the future social science and natural science, thus contributing to the future development of social science and natural science. As a computer science system with practical application as its main research goal, in the process of development, it will also find more and more intersections and combinations with other disciplines. On the premise of learning from each other's strengths, after repeated scientific revolutions, we can finally achieve complete integration.
Since computer science is about to face a crisis, we must find ways to solve it. To solve the crisis, we must carry out revolution, abandon the old paradigm and establish a new paradigm. To create a new paradigm, we need critical spirit and creative spirit. To revolutionize computer science, we can start from the following aspects. First of all, we should continue to deepen the development of this discipline to a high level and a deep level. It is necessary to greatly deepen the development of computer science. Secondly, we should broaden the development direction of this discipline and establish new development directions, such as emerging artificial intelligence and communication engineering. Finally, it is necessary to strengthen the connection with other disciplines, infiltrate the efforts of computer science into other natural science fields, and make computer science continue to exist, develop and be powerful in today's society where natural science is changing with each passing day.
References:
[1] Yuan Deyu. A brief history of the development of science and technology [M]. Shenyang: Northeastern University Press, 2000