There are many requirements for writing a thesis, and the requirements of each school are different. What are your requirements? The following is a standardized interpretation of the graduation thesis format, which I compiled. Welcome to refer to!
abstract:
Relevant national standards, self-made format requirements and templates are the main basis for standardizing the format of graduation thesis, which requires both writing format and typesetting format. Standardized graduation thesis format is helpful to accurately express scientific research achievements, facilitate information exchange and the processing and evaluation of academic achievements, and make the writing concise and the layout beautiful. By understanding the function of format specification, we can accurately grasp the meaning of format specification requirements, recommend reading previous papers, increase thesis writing practice, and implement the requirements of graduation thesis format specification.
Keywords: graduation thesis; Format specification; Function; National standards; template
First, the significance and standard of graduation thesis format specification
In university teaching, graduation thesis (design) writing, like professional practice, is a part of comprehensive practical teaching and an important way to improve students' practical ability, ability to analyze and solve problems and innovation ability. The "graduation thesis" mentioned here is just an expression of research results (conclusions). Graduation thesis is "an academic paper to be evaluated when applying for conferring a corresponding degree", "a scientific record of new scientific research achievements or innovative ideas and knowledge obtained in an academic subject by experiment, theory or observation, or a scientific summary of new progress made by applying known principles to practice" (table 1, GB/T77 13-87). In order to express the research results (conclusions) scientifically and rigorously, the graduation thesis must have a standardized format. However, the standard paper format is often compared with the "eight-part essay" format and is questioned or judged. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the understanding of graduation thesis format specification and its function, so that it can play a greater role in teaching and learning.
Since the mid-1980s, a series of national standards (table 1) related to the format specification of dissertations and academic papers have been issued one after another, which provides a basis for standardizing the format of graduation thesis, and the format of graduation thesis is gradually becoming standardized and standardized. At the same time, the research on graduation thesis writing is gradually increasing. ① These studies mainly focus on topics, writing (design) methods [1], defense, management and evaluation [2] and problems and countermeasures in writing [3]. However, there are few special discussions on the format specification of graduation thesis. Among them, there are discussions on the significance of standardizing the writing format of academic papers to the exchange and dissemination of scientific research results [4], on how to make the format of papers revised faster and more standardized [5], and on the significance and requirements of writing specifications for graduation papers of a certain major [6]. These discussions provide ideas for the standardization of graduation thesis format. In addition, according to the table 1 in GB/T 77 14-2005, Chen Haoyuan introduced the description formats of various references, and suggested the matters needing attention in the description. [7] On this basis, this paper interprets the format specification of graduation thesis and its function, and puts forward some suggestions on how to implement the format specification requirements of graduation thesis.
Second, the basis and requirements of the graduation thesis format specification
1, the main basis of graduation thesis format specification
The basis of graduation thesis format specification mainly includes relevant national standards, thesis format requirements and "format templates" drawn up by various schools. The national standard of paper format standardization has certain universality and universality, which is the main basis for standardizing the format of university graduation thesis. See table 1 for the main existing national standards applicable to paper format specifications. These standards are proposed or drafted by special committees, written by experts and approved or promulgated by relevant state organs, which are instructive, exemplary and authoritative. In addition, in order to promote the electronization of graduation thesis information, CAJ-CD B/T 1-2006 (table 1) can be used as the reference standard for the paper format specification. Based on these standards, each school will generally put forward relevant requirements for the format of graduation thesis in combination with the actual situation of the school and the actual discipline, and will draw up specific and operable paper format templates to standardize the writing and typesetting format of graduation thesis. For example, Huazhong Normal University not only put forward relevant requirements for the format specification of undergraduate graduation thesis in its "Work Regulations for Undergraduate Graduation Thesis (Design)" (revised in 2004), but also made specific provisions for the typesetting format of graduation thesis through the "Specification for Writing, Typesetting and Printing of Undergraduate Graduation Thesis (Design)" (template). In fact, the graduation thesis format template is often the embodiment of the requirements of the thesis writing format and typesetting format specification, and it is a supplement to the unfinished matters (such as annotation format requirements) in the thesis format specification standards and graduation thesis format requirements of various schools, and it is another important basis for the graduation thesis format specification.
2, the main requirements of graduation thesis format specification
The format specification of graduation thesis mainly includes two requirements: one is the requirement of writing format specification, and the other is the requirement of typesetting format specification. The standards listed in table 1 are mainly the requirements of writing format specification, and GB/T77 13-87 file also involves the requirements of typesetting format specification, but the requirements of paper typesetting format specification are mainly reflected in the paper format template.
(1) writing format specification requirements. The standard requirements of graduation thesis writing format mainly include two aspects: one is the formal composition of the thesis, and the other is the technical regulations on the composition of the thesis. Table 2 shows the projects in the form of graduation thesis, in which the projects marked "when necessary" can be selected according to actual needs. These multiple-choice questions are sometimes necessary in graduate students' graduation thesis, but generally not needed in undergraduate students' graduation thesis. As can be seen from Table 2, the graduation thesis mainly consists of title, abstract and keywords, introduction, text, conclusion, thanks and references. The format of the main part can also be decided by the author, but it usually begins with an introduction and ends with a conclusion or discussion. The body part is the core part of the paper, which is mainly composed of chapters, articles (sections) and charts (if necessary). Chapters and articles require uniform format, clear hierarchy and strict logic. However, the relevant technical specifications have made specific requirements for various formats, such as "Chinese titles generally do not exceed 20 words", "Chinese abstracts generally do not exceed 200-300 words" and "choose 3-8 words as keywords", as well as detailed provisions on the sequence coding, description format and description symbols of references after the text.
(2) typesetting format specification requirements. The requirements of graduation thesis typesetting format specification mainly include page setting and description (writing) format. Page setup mainly includes paper model, paper center size, margins, binding line position, page number, etc. The description format mainly includes the font size, font size and paragraph spacing of preface, title and text, as well as the format requirements of header, footer, formula, illustration and insertion table, and reference description. Table 1 document GB/T77 13-87 requires page setup, such as "The upper (ceiling) edge and the left (seam) edge of each surface should be reserved for more than 25mm, and the lower (foot) edge and the right (cut) edge should be reserved for more than 20mm". The requirement of typesetting format specification is mainly to operate through paper format template. For example, Table 3 is the main content of the typesetting format specification in the format template of Fudan University's graduation thesis in 2006, which makes technical provisions on the page setting and description format of the thesis, which is of great significance to unify the typesetting format of the thesis.
Third, the role of graduation thesis format specification
1, which is helpful to accurately express scientific research results.
The format specification of graduation thesis is like a symbol or language, and its essence is an agreement between readers and authors. Because this format is familiar and recognized by both authors and readers. With the help of this agreement, the author can accurately express his scientific research achievements or ideas to readers. Judging from the formal composition of graduation thesis (Table 2), it is a complete expression system of scientific research achievements. If written according to this expression system, the author can accurately express his scientific research achievements, and readers can also accurately understand and evaluate the author's scientific research achievements. According to GB/T77 13-87, the abstract of graduation thesis should be independent and self-sufficient, that is, the content of the thesis should be briefly stated without comments. Similarly, the chart in the paper should be self-evident. Therefore, if the author can write the abstract and prepare the chart as required, the reader can get the necessary information only by reading the abstract and chart, instead of reading the full text of the paper. A remarkable feature of scientific research work is inheritance and relevance, and almost all scientific research achievements are the continuation and expansion of previous work. [8] According to the document GB/T77 13-87, the introduction part of the paper must review the relevant research history and make a comprehensive comment on the previous studies; According to the requirements of GB/T77 14-2005, the citation of papers must be marked with references, and the references of papers must indicate the exact source of the documents. These requirements can not only reflect the real scientific basis and reflect the inheritance of scientific research, but also distinguish the author's' data, opinions or achievements' from others, thus accurately expressing the author's own scientific research achievements.
2. Promote information exchange and processing.
Standard paper format is also a tool for information exchange and processing. The purpose of document GB/77 13-87 is to unify the writing and compiling formats of papers and reports, and "facilitate the collection, storage, processing, processing, retrieval, utilization, communication and dissemination of information". There should be data and conclusions in the abstract, that is, a complete paper, which can be used independently, quoted, used for process promotion, and can also be used by readers to determine whether it is necessary to read the full text, and can also be used as the second document of the abstract to improve the efficiency of information exchange and processing; Keywords (subject words) are words or terms selected from papers for document indexing, which are used to express the information items of the full text theme. Their appearance and development make computerized paper retrieval possible, thus making paper retrieval more convenient and fast. Tables 1 documents GB/T77 14-2005 and CAJ-CD B/T 1-2006 also have clear and detailed provisions on the description methods of references, which is the need of electronic literature description in the era of knowledge economy and is also convenient for readers to use references to find original documents. More importantly, the standardized paper format "helps the computer scientific research information system to collect, store, process, retrieve and use it, and helps researchers to query the achievements of others with computers and reduce duplication of work". [4] In addition, referring to the use of foreign keywords such as ISO690 and international standards, it is convenient for papers to participate in international academic exchanges and achieve the purpose of sharing literature and information resources. In a word, the standardization of paper format not only improves the quality and speed of paper information exchange and processing, but also expands the geographical space of paper information exchange, which plays a very important role in the exchange and dissemination of scientific research results.
3. It is convenient for the evaluation of academic achievements.
Standardized graduation thesis format is helpful to objectively and fairly evaluate the scientific research achievements expressed in graduation thesis. As mentioned above, the normative description of references can reflect the real scientific basis, distinguish one's own data, opinions or achievements from others, and reflect the inheritance of scientific research, that is, respect for the intellectual property rights of others. In the process of topic selection, experimental research, theoretical analysis, summary and writing, the author should refer to and use a large number of documents, absorb other people's research results, determine his own research direction and work content on the basis of digestion and absorption, and then obtain creative research results through further research. [9] Therefore, the types and quantity of summary documents in the introduction of the paper and the references cited in the paper reflect the breadth and depth of the author's understanding of the research field. The graduation thesis keyword retrieval computer provides a convenient and fast platform for the retrieval, download or citation of graduation thesis. Standardized reference description is also conducive to the computerization of citation analysis and citation statistics of graduation thesis, which is conducive to the evaluation of academic achievements.
References:
[1] method, Ph.D., on the writing and guidance of undergraduate graduation thesis [J], Journal of Changshu Institute of Technology (Education Science Edition), 20 10, (6):9 1-93.
[2] Li Junlong et al. Exploration and practice of improving the quality of undergraduate thesis (design) [J]. china university teaching, 2006, (8):4 1-42,
[3] Hui Gao et al. Problems and Countermeasures of Undergraduate Thesis [J], Heilongjiang Education (Research and Evaluation of Higher Education), 20 10, (7):77-78,
[4] Lu Huadong, On the Format of Academic Papers [J], Scientific Consultation, 20 10, (4): 1 19,
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