Violation of scientific ethics

China Association for Science and Technology's Code of Scientific Ethics for Scientific and Technical Workers (Trial) stipulates that academic misconduct that violates scientific ethics is manifested in the following seven types:

(1) deliberately making false statements, fabricating data or results, destroying the integrity of original data, tampering with experimental records and pictures, making false statements in project declaration, achievement declaration, job application and promotion application, and providing false award-winning certificates, paper publication certificates and document citation certificates (Article 19);

(2) Infringing or damaging the copyright of others, deliberately not quoting other people's publications, copying other people's works, and tampering with the contents of other people's works; Unauthorized publication or disclosure of unpublished works or research plans of others to others or for their own use by using the information in the manuscripts or funding applications reviewed by themselves; Give the results to those who have not contributed to the research, exclude those who have made substantial contributions to the research work from the list of authors, and arrogate or unreasonably claim the identity of the author or co-author (Article 20);

(3) When the results are published, more than one article is submitted (Article 21);

(4) using improper means to interfere with or hinder other people's scientific research activities, including intentionally destroying or detaining necessary instruments and equipment, documents and other scientific research-related property; Deliberately delaying the review and evaluation of other people's projects or achievements, or putting forward unprovable conclusions; Obstacles to reviewing competitive projects or results (Article 22);

(5) Participating in or colluding with others to conceal academic misconduct, including participating in others' academic fraud, colluding with others to conceal their own misconduct, supervising dereliction of duty, and taking revenge on complainants (Article 23);

⑥ Participate in the review and evaluation work unrelated to their major; In the evaluation of various projects, institutions, publications or research reports, awards, for direct, indirect or potential conflicts of interest, make an objective, accurate and fair evaluation; Bypassing the accreditation organization and directly contacting the accreditation object, accepting the gift money from the accreditation object (Article 24);

7. Participate in commercial advertising in the name of academic groups and experts (Article 25). Some experts pointed out that in addition to the above-mentioned violations of scientific ethics, there are also fake academic qualifications, fake diplomas, fake degrees, and fake power and money transactions.

Why does it attract so much attention?

The main reasons why scientific ethics and style of study have become hot issues of concern to governments and all sectors of society are:

First, the social role of scientific research groups is more easily concerned by the society. Scientists, as creators of knowledge and promoters of innovation, have always been regarded by the public as "people closest to God" and "people who can't lie". They have a good social image in the public and are regarded as moral models. Once there is a moral problem, it is unacceptable to the public.

The second is the inevitable result of the integration of science and technology with industrial economy and even politics. In this integrated development process, many social subjects, including scientists, participate in the decision-making, R&D and application of scientific and technological activities, but the corresponding socialized operation mechanism of science and technology is not perfect, and the corresponding norms have not been established, which leads to many anomie phenomena and attracts social attention.

Third, scientific ethics and style of study are very harmful to the country, science and individuals. For the country and science, scientific ethics and style of study will mislead the direction of scientific research, lead to inefficient use of scientific and technological resources and even lead to corruption.