Liu Bei was born in the declining Han Dynasty royal family, and is the descendant of Liu Sheng, the son of Emperor Jing of the Western Han Dynasty. On seniority is the uncle of Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty.
In the warlord melee at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the strength of Liu Bei Group was relatively weak, and there was no stable base area, so it was always in a state of drift from place to place. He once lived under the great warlords Cao Cao, Yuan Shao and Liu Biao. However, Liu Bei's human nature and personality are most in line with China's traditional political ideas, so he is deeply treated and respected wherever he goes.
/kloc-in 0/88, Liu Bei, Guan Yu and Zhang Fei organized a local armed force in Zhuoxian and joined the Eastern Han Dynasty to fight against the Yellow Scarf Army. According to historical records, he is "calculating the meritorious military service" and "brave". After the war, Liu Bei established the regular armed forces of his military group and served as the county magistrate of the Eastern Han Dynasty. /kloc-in 0/96, he was promoted to Xuzhou Pastoral, served as the general of Zhendong, and worked in Yicheng Hou Ting. After Xuzhou was captured by Lu Bu, he was appointed as Yuzhou Pastoral.
In 2007, Zhuge Liang joined Liu Bei Group as a military adviser. Liu Bei followed Zhuge Liang's strategic policy: occupying Jingzhou, uniting with Sun Wu, withdrawing troops from Cao Bing and entering Sichuan.
In 22 1 year, the Shu-Han Dynasty was established in Chengdu, covering today's Sichuan, Yunnan, northern Guizhou and the old Hanzhong area in Shaanxi. Become one of the countries in the Three Kingdoms period. He married Gan, Mi, and Wu successively. Liu Chan succeeded to the throne.
In 223, he failed in the war against Wu in retaliation for Guan Yu and retreated to Shu. In April of the same year, he died in Baidicheng (now Fengjie, Chongqing), and posthumous title was named "Zhaolie". Liu Bei has two graves in China. One is the "Hui Ling" of Wuhou Temple in Chengdu; The other is Lianhua Dam in Pengshan, Sichuan.
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As an excellent politician and strategist, Liu Bei has many advantages, such as loving people and materials, being generous and kind, knowing people well and being fair and sincere. "The History of the Three Kingdoms" commented on Liu Bei: "My ancestors were generous, knowing people and treating scholars, with the style of high ancestors and heroic tools." And the whole country entrusted to Zhuge Liang, but the mind is unique, sincere monarch, minister and saint, the trace of ancient and modern prosperity is also. If you don't catch Wei Wu, you will be a chivalrous man, but you will never look down upon him. If you slap him, you will not tolerate yourself, not only for the benefit, but also to avoid hurting the cloud. "He can take a large number of outstanding political and military talents for his own use. The most typical example is Zhuge Liang. According to the Records of the Three Kingdoms, Liu Bei's last words were Zhuge Liang: "Your talent is only ten times that of Cao Pi, you will certainly bring peace and stability to the country, and you will eventually achieve great things. If the heir can make up, he will make up; If he is incompetent, you can be the master of Chengdu. "However, when Zhuge Liang was in power, he never forgot to complete Liu Bei's legacy. Finally, in the Northern Expedition, he "died with all his might". "Liu Bei's political character is the embodiment of China's traditional political concept. Confucius and Mencius' political ideas emphasize "ruling by virtue" and "benevolent governance", warning rulers to "serve people with virtue" and to influence their subjects and conquer the people with their own moral character and noble morality. In the practice of complicated political struggle, Liu Bei realized the importance of following the Confucian political ideas for competing for the world, paid great attention to his own moral cultivation, and set up a virtuous king style. When he died, he did not forget to leave a testamentary edict to warn Liu Chan: "Don't do small evil, don't do small good. "Only virtue and virtue can serve people." It is this basic political concept of "serving people with talent and virtue" that has shaped Liu Bei's respected political character and achieved Liu Bei's lifelong hegemony.
Liu Bei
Liu Bei (16 1-223), Emperor Zhaolie of Han Dynasty, was born in Zhuo Jun County (now Zhuozhou, Hebei Province). The founder of Shu Han in the Three Kingdoms period.
all one's life
Liu Bei claimed to be the royal family of the Han Dynasty and the descendant of Liu Sheng, the son of Emperor Jing of the Western Han Dynasty. I lost my father and sold shoes and woven mats with my mother for a living. At the age of fifteen, he went out to study, studied under Liu Deran and Gongsun Zan, and became friends with Gongsun Zan. /kloc-in 0/84, the yellow turban insurrectionary broke out, which was funded by businessman Zhang Shiping and Su Shuang. Liu Bei organized an uprising army, followed Zou Jing to crusade against the Yellow Scarf Army, and made great achievements. He was appointed an xiwei. Later, Du You, who went to work because of dissatisfaction, was arrested and beaten, and then abandoned his official position and fled.
Later, General He Jin sent Wu to Danyang to recruit soldiers, and Liu Bei joined him on the way. When he arrived in Xiapi, he fought against thieves and served as Xiami County Cheng, and soon resigned. /kloc-In 0/90, he was appointed as the magistrate and magistrate of Gaotang County, and even entered the ranks of crusade against Dong Zhuo. Soon, defeated by thieves, he defected to Gongsun Zan and was named another Sima to defend Yuan Shao with Tian Kai. Because of his merits, he was named as a plain county magistrate and a plain phase.
194, Cao Cao attacked Tao Qian, and Tao Qian turned to Tian Ji for help. Tian Ji went out with Liu Bei to rescue and repel Cao Jun, and Tao Qian sent 4,000 Danyang soldiers to Liu Bei. Liu Bei was attached to Tao Qian and stationed in Xiaopei, and was named the secretariat of Yuzhou. 194, died of illness, and Mi Zhu and Chen Liubei entered Xuzhou. Later, he was worshipped by the imperial court as the general of Town East and Yicheng Hou Ting. 195, Lu Bu, defeated by Cao Cao, came to vote, and Liu Bei allowed him to stay in Xiaopei.
In the second year, Yuan Shu attacked Liu Bei who met him, and Lu Bu took the opportunity to sneak up on Pi. Liu Bei had to move to Haixi and defeated Yang Feng, Han Xian, Guan Xu, Yang Xian and others on the way. Later, Lu Bu welcomed Liu Bei back, returned his wife and allowed him to live in a small place. Soon, he gathered more than ten thousand soldiers. Feeling dangerous, Lu Bu sent troops to attack Xiao Pei. Liu Bei failed and defected to Cao Cao. Later, I tried to take back Xiao Pei, but I was defeated by Gao Shun. 198, Liu Bei succeeded in destroying Lu Bu with Cao Cao. Later, Xuchang and Liu Bei were named left generals, and Cao Cao treated them with courtesy. When you go out, you are a car, and when you sit, you are a deskmate.
Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty was dissatisfied with Cao Cao, and ordered his father-in-law Dong Cheng to kill Cao Cao. Liu Bei also joined in the action, growing vegetables at home every day, so as to relieve the pressure on Cao Cao. One day, Cao Cao hosted a banquet for Liu Bei and said to Liu Bei, "The only heroes in the world today are the monarch and Cao Er. At first, there were not enough people. " Hearing this, Liu Bei was so scared that his chopsticks fell off. At this time, it just thundered. Liu Bei said to Cao Cao: "The sage cloud' Thunder will change' is not bad. The power of an earthquake is no less than this! " Soon, Yuan Shu, who was lost in the south, wanted to go north to Yuan Shao, and Cao Cao sent Liu Bei to attack Yuan Shu, but before the army arrived, Yuan Shu had died of illness.
199, Liu Bei took the opportunity to occupy Xiapi and killed Che Zhou, the secretariat of Xuzhou, leaving Guan Yu to guard Xiapi and defend Xiaopi himself. On the one hand, he sent Yuan Shao and many local forces to unite against Cao. Cao Cao sent Liu Dai and Zhong Wang to attack Liu Bei, but failed. In 200, Dong Cheng was defeated and killed. Cao Cao Dong recruited Liu Bei, and Liu Bei was defeated. Cao Cao captured Liu Bei's wife and Guan Yu alive.
Liu Bei fled to Qingzhou, where Yuan Tan, the secretariat of Qingzhou, personally greeted him and informed Yuan Shao, who also personally greeted him outside Yecheng. After staying for more than a month, former subordinates reunited. Soon, a war broke out between Cao Cao and Yuan Shao, and Liu Pi and others betrayed Cao Cao. Yuan Shao sent Liu Bei to join Liu Pi with his army. Cao Cao sent Coss to attack Runa, and Liu Bei only returned to Yuan Shao. Liu Bei wanted to keep Yuan Shao, so he persuaded Yuan Shao to take Liu Biao to the south. Yuan Shao sent Liu Bei to join forces with Gong Duhui in Ru 'nan. Cao Cao sent Cai Yang to attack Liu Bei, who killed him.
In 20 1 year, Cao Nan, defeated by Yuan Shao in the battle of Guandu, attacked Runan, and Liu Bei was defeated and fled. He sent Mi Zhuhe to meet Liu Biao, who personally went to the suburbs to meet Liu Bei. As a gift from the above-mentioned guests, he was allowed to stay in Xinye. Although Liu Biao treated Liu Bei with courtesy, he had some scruples about him, and Liu Bei made many heroes in Jingzhou, so he didn't trust him very much and didn't accept his northern expedition. In 2002, Cao Jiang, Xia Houdun, Yu Jin and others invaded Wang Bo, and the two sides were at loggerheads. Liu Bei set an ambush and set fire to retreat. Xia Houdun pursued him and was broken by the ambush.
In 2007, Sangu Cao Lu invited Zhuge Liang to join in and reached the strategic policy of "Long-Zhong". In 2008, Cao Cao went south. In August, Liu Biao died. The second son, Liu Cong, acceded to the throne and sent Cao Cao to surrender. Knowing that Cao Cao had gone south, Liu Bei abandoned the new field and fled. Liu Cong's men and Jingzhou people fled with Liu Beinan. In Dangyang, hundreds of thousands of people and thousands of cars have gathered. They can only walk more than ten miles every day, so they sent Guan Yu to take hundreds of boats first and meet them in Jiangling. Cao Cao was afraid that Liu Beixian would occupy Jiangling and sent five thousand fighters to pursue him. The two armies joined forces in Changsaka, Dangyang. Liu Bei abandoned his wife and fled first, leaving the army. Fortunately, Guan Yu's fleet was met in Hanjin, and more than 10,000 people with Liu Biao's eldest son Liu Qi fled to Xiakou. Just when Lu Su came to inquire about the news, Liu Bei sent Zhuge Liang to form an alliance with Sun Quan, and fought against the forces of Sun Quan's generals Zhou Yu and Cheng Pu in the Wulin, crushing the enemy.
Liu Bei appointed Liu Qi as the secretariat of Jingzhou and surrendered four counties in Jingnan. kim hyun, Han Xuan, Zhao Fan and Liu Du, the prefect of Wuling and Changsha, all surrendered. Xu Lei also led thousands of people to mutiny. After Liu Qi died of illness, the generals elected Liu Bei as Jingzhou Pastor, and Sun Quan also married his sister to Liu Bei. 2 1 1 year, Liu Zhang, an Yizhou animal husbandry, accepted Zhang Song's suggestion and invited Liu Bei to help in Shu. Paifa was going to see Liu Bei with 4000 people and huge sum of money, and Liu Bei personally led the army into Shu. In Fucheng, Liu Zhang personally. Zhang Song, Fazheng and Pang Tong all proposed that Liu Beike take the opportunity to kill Liu Zhang, but Liu Bei refused. Liu Zhang pushed Liu Beihang to Fu and led the division to a captain. Liu Zhang rationed Liu Bei's soldiers to attack Zhang Lu, but Liu Bei did not send troops, but bought people's hearts.
In 2 12, Liu Bei borrowed food from Liu Zhang and went back to Jingzhou to help Sun Quan, but Liu Zhang only gave half. Liu Zhang found out that his subordinate Zhang Song had an affair with Liu Bei in order to get Shu, and the two sides broke up in discord. Liu Bei killed Yang Huai and advanced on Liu Zhang. Liu? Leng Bao, Zhang Ren, Deng Xian, etc. Defend Fucheng against Liu Bei, but it was conquered. After attacking Mianzhu Pass, the garrison commander Li Yan surrendered. In 2 14, Los Angeles was blocked by Liu Xun, and the war lasted for one year. Fortunately, Zhuge Liang, Zhang Fei and Zhao Yun led the troops into Shu to help each other. Finally, Liu Zhang surrendered and Liu Bei became the Lord of Shu. In 2 15, Sun Liu began to compete for Jingzhou, and finally decided to share it equally, but the relationship between the two sides deteriorated.
In 2 17, Liu Bei led an army to the north. In the summer of 2 19, he occupied Hanzhong, claiming to be the king of Hanzhong, and at the same time occupied Shang Yong. In the winter of the same year, Guan Yu was killed by Sun Quan and the two sides officially broke up. In 220, Cao Pi usurped the Han Dynasty, and in the second year Liu Bei proclaimed himself emperor and established Shu Han. In 22 1 year, Liu Bei summoned Guan Yu for revenge and sent troops to Wu Dong, but was defeated by Lu Xun in the battle of Yiling, and finally retreated to Baidicheng, leaving only Li Yan and Zhuge Liang. He died in April 223, and posthumous title became Emperor Zhaolie. In May, the body was transported back to Chengdu from Yong 'an and buried in August.
Liu Bei has two tombs. One is Hui Ling of Chengdu Wuhou Temple; The other is Lianhua Dam in Pengshan, Sichuan.
trait
Liu Bei is seven feet and five inches tall (172cm), with his hands on his knees, and his eyes can see his ears. Little beard was once teased by Zhang Yu, an official of Liu. He doesn't like to talk much, he can't see his emotions, he doesn't like reading books very much, he likes playing with dogs and horses, listening to music, wearing beautiful clothes, making friends with heroes, and being kind to servants and people. It is said that he once touched an assassin because of kindness and gave up suicide.
Liu Bei, a teenager, dreamed of getting in the car of the son of heaven one day. Although Liu Bei is kind, he is also a group of ambitious people. For example, after living in Jingzhou for several years, Liu Bei once had a drink with Liu Biao. When he went to the toilet, he saw the meat in his moustache and lamented that he had fought everywhere in his early years and could not live without the saddle. Now he is far away from the battlefield, and the meat in his moustache is raw, so he was moved to tears. More often, Liu Biao was advised to explore the north, but Liu Biao did not accept it.
domestic
(paternal) grandfather
* Xiong Liu, promoted to Xiaolian, official to Fan Ling, Dongjun.
father
* Li Kasi, an official at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty.
Madame
* The biological mother of Empress Zhao Lie, Gan Shi and Pei Shi, was trapped in Nagsaka, but was rescued by Zhao Yun. After his death, he lost his wife, chased Zhao Lie and was buried with Liu Bei.
Mrs. Elk is the younger sister of Elk Zhu and married Liu Bei when he was in trouble in Yuzhou.
Sun Quan's sister, Mrs. Sun, married Liu Bei politically. After Liu Bei went to Shu, Sun Quan took her back without any record.
* Queen Mu, sister of Wu and Wu Yi, became his wife after Liu Bei entered Shu, and later became the queen of Hanzhong. When Liu Chan acceded to the throne, he was honored as the Empress Dowager and called Changle Palace. In eight years, Yan Xi died and was buried with Liu Bei.
son
* Liu Feng, adopted son of Liu Bei. His surname is Guan, but he was captured and killed because he didn't help Guan Yu. Liu Bei convicted him and sentenced him to death.
* Liu Chan, the eldest son of Liu Bei. After the throne.
* Liu Yong, the second son of Liu Bei. First the king of Lu, then the king of Ganling. Disagreement with Liu Chan minion Huang Hao, alienated by Liu Chan. After moving eastward to Luoyang, he became the captain of the car and was named the head of the township.
* Liu Li, the third son of Liu Bei. First Liang Wang, then Wang Anping. Early death, mourning for the king.
granddaughter
* Liu Xuan, the eldest son of Liu Chan,/kloc-became a prince at the age of 0/5. After the death of Shu, Zhong Hui made an insurrection in Chengdu and was killed by mutinous soldiers.
* After the death of Shu, the second son Liu Yao surrendered. Yu Yongjia was killed in the rebellion.
* Liu Cong, the third son, surrendered after the death of Shu. Yu Yongjia was killed in the rebellion.
* Liu Zan, the fourth son, surrendered after the death of Shu. Yu Yongjia was killed in the rebellion.
* Liu Chen, the fifth son of the Northern Emperor, opposed Qiao Zhou's surrender to Wei, was expelled from the palace, and committed suicide after Shu died.
* Liu Yao, his sixth son, surrendered after Shu's death. Yu Yongjia was killed in the rebellion.
* Liu Kun, his seventh son, surrendered after Shu's death. Yu Yongjia was killed in the rebellion.
* Liu Li's eldest son, Liu Yin, was named king of mourning. Nineteen.
* Liu Li's second son, Liu Ji, moved eastward to Luoyang, served as a captain in the car and sealed the township.
great-grandson
* Liu Cheng, son of Liu Yin, was named Shang Wang and died at the age of 20.
* The grandson of Liu Yong, who surrendered after the death of Shu, escaped the Yongjia Rebellion and lived in Chengdu, Sichuan.
Liu Bei, the first emperor of Shu Han, is said to be a descendant of Liu Sheng, the son of Emperor Jing of Han Dynasty. Liu Bei lost his father and made a living by selling shoes and weaving straw mats with his mother. During the Yellow Scarf Uprising, Liu Bei organized volunteers and government forces to wipe out the Yellow Scarf. He used to be a county commandant in Anxi county, and soon abandoned his official because of flogging Du You. After the warlord regime, Liu Bei was weak and often relied on others. He has taken refuge in Gongsun Zan, Cao Cao, Yuan Shao, Liu Biao and others. After many twists and turns, he still has no place of his own. Battle of Red Cliffs, Liu Bei and Wu jointly fought against Cao Cao and won. He borrowed Wu Dong to Jingzhou, which developed rapidly, annexed Yizhou, occupied Hanzhong and established the Shu-Han regime. After Guan Yu died, Jingzhou was seized by Sun Quan, and Liu Bei conquered Wu after he proclaimed himself emperor. The battle of Yiling was defeated by Lu Xun and died in Baidicheng, leaving Zhuge Liang alone in his sickbed.
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"The History of the Three Kingdoms" commented: "My ancestors were generous, knowing people and treating scholars, with the style of high ancestors and the tools of heroes. The whole country entrusted to Zhuge Liang, but the heart was unconcerned, sincere to the public, and the ancient and modern track was also prosperous. If you don't understand Wei Wu, you are too narrow-minded. However, if you don't bend or scratch, you won't be next. Suppressing each other means not tolerating yourself, not only for the benefit, but also to avoid harm. "
Liu Yuan: "It is very human to have this son in my family."
Chen Deng: "Outstanding posture, slightly Wang Ba, I respect Liu Xuande."
Yuan Shao: "Liu Xuande Hongya has a letter, and Xuzhou is happy to wear it today. I really hope so. "
Cheng Yu: "Seeing that Liu Bei is very talented and won the hearts of the people, it is better to think clearly as soon as possible."
Cao Cao said: "The only heroes in the world today are the monarch and Cao. At first, there were not enough people. " "Today, you can't kill one person and lose the heart of the world." "Husband liu bei is an outstanding man. If you don't stop today, you will have endless troubles and you will be worried about me. " "Liu bei, I'm sorry, too. But it's too late. "
Ye Liu: "Liu Bei, an outstanding man, is a little late."
Sun Sheng and Jia Xu: "Liu Bei is a great talent."
Zhuge Liang: "Gong Liu is the greatest talent in the world. According to the land of Jing, you will return to virtue and go to heaven and man. " "Liu Yuzhou royal family is famous for its outstanding talents, and all the people admire it. If the water returns to the sea, if things are not good, it will be heaven and peace. "
Zhang Song: "Liu Yuzhou, the imperial clan, Cao Gong is also passionate and good at fighting. If you make him ask for Lu, Lu will be broken. "
Zhao Jian: "Is Liu Beiqi bad? If you are not good at fighting, you will lose every battle and be at a loss. Why do you need people? "
Fu Gan: "Liu Bei's generosity can be fatal."
Sun Quan: "Unless you are Liu Yuzhou, you can't be Cao Cao."
Zhou Yu: "Liu Bei is fierce."
Lu Xun: "Liu Beishi's hero."
Zhang Fu: "Liu Shanliang, brave and loyal, generous and general."
Zhang Song: "Liu Yuzhou is a royal family, and Tsao Gong is also a good soldier. If you let him defeat Lu, Lu will be broken. Lu Po, Yizhou Qiang. Although Cao Gong has come, I can't help it. "
Liu Ba: "Those who are prepared, male, will be harmed if they enter, not included."
Zhong Hui: "The ancestors of Yizhou were born for the talents of the world, mobilized troops to explore the wild, and were trapped in the suburbs of Hebei and Xu. They were born for Shao and Bu, and Taizu saved them and helped them."
Emperor Zhaolie praised it in Yang's Han Jizan: "The legacy of the emperor is a blessing from all directions, not from Zhongshan, with a bell spirit, a healthy time and great achievements." Beginning with Yan, Dai, and, wuyue relied on Lai and Hope to form an alliance, relying on Ba to cross Shu, and merged with Yong Han. Gan Kun resumed his rank, only worshiping Ning, following in his footsteps and broadcasting the voice of Germany. Four beauties of China, Xibo Yin Qi, celebrate the afterlife and celebrate the happiness. "
Zhuge Liang said to Liu Chan, "Paying the great emperor to work hard to build a virtuous life has covered the sky, and he is dying. On the 24th of this month, he was suddenly promoted to a distant position after the general election, and courtiers roared. If he loses his life, he will die. It is a legacy, but it is a big event, which moves profits and losses; Liao Bai mourned for three days, undressed and returned to the mourning period as a gift; Within three days, the prefect, the prefect and the county magistrate all surrendered. I fear the gods and dare not disobey them. I ask you to declare. "
Xi gnashed his teeth and said, "Although my late master was in danger and faced with many difficulties, his beliefs became clearer and clearer, and he didn't lose his way when he was forced into danger. Pursuing the care of quiet life, you will feel the three services; Those who love righteousness are willing to die with each other. Those who look at the reasons why they love things are just asking questions about the cold. It is not appropriate to help a great cause in the end! "
Liu Bei's Description in the History of the Three Kingdoms;
Comments: My ancestors were generous and generous, knowing how to treat people, literati, high-impedance style and heroic tools. The whole country is lonely on Zhuge Liang, but its mind is innocent, it is sincere to the public, and the ancient and modern track is also prosperous. If you don't understand Wei Wu, you are too narrow-minded. However, if you don't scratch, you won't be next. The amount of restraint will not be self-sufficient, not only for the benefit, but also to avoid harm to the cloud.
Liu Bei's quotations:
Liu Bei got rid of loneliness and said to Zhuge Liang, "You are only ten times as talented as Cao Pi, and you will certainly bring peace and stability to the country and eventually achieve great things." If the heir can make up, he will make up; If he is incompetent, you can be the master of Chengdu. "
Don't do it with little evil, and don't do it with little good.
I don't avenge my brother. Although there is Wan Li, why is it so expensive?
Brothers are like brothers. Women are like clothes.