Knowledge points of Guo Qin theory
First, interchangeable characters
1. Wei Zhen Sihai (vibration, through "vibration", vibration)
2. Stubborn in the middle of the building (stubbornness, through "rising", protruding, lifting)
3. Non-resistance to the nine countries (resistance, communication "high", high, extended to strong)
4. Filial piety is neither (no, preach "death", death)
5. Combination, subordination, and alliance (from "vertical" and "combination", the strategy of the six countries to unite with Qin in the Warring States period)
6. Win the grain with the scene (scene, pass "shadow", shadow)
7. More than 100 years (yes, use the word "you" between integer and zero)
8. Chen Libing and who is he (he, through "Oh", shouts loudly)
9. From the balance (balance, through the "horizontal", Lian Heng, during the Warring States period, Qin alienated the six countries and carved them up one by one)
10. Qin has spare capacity to control its disadvantages (disadvantages, opening "our time", weaknesses, shortcomings)
Second, the different meanings of ancient and modern times
1. country
Ancient meaning: refers to vassal fiefs (vassal States) and doctor fiefs (homes); Modern significance: the whole region of a country (the whole country)
Love sb
Ancient meaning: love others and be considerate of others; Modern meaning: refers to husband or wife, or refers to one party in love.
think
Ancient meaning: take … as an example and make …; Meaning: thinking
4. Shandong
Ancient meaning: east of Lushan Mountain, that is, the eastern countries; Modern significance: refers to Shandong Province.
5. River
Ancient meaning: Yellow River; Modern meaning: refers to the general river.
6. Mimi
Ancient meaning: shield; Modern meaning: refers to a tool that looks like an oar and pushes a ship by human power.
7.swimming pool
Ancient meaning: moat; Modern significance: pond
8. Victory
Ancient meaning: forbearance, forbearance; Today's meaning: win or get.
9. Results
Ancient meaning: used to recruit soldiers; Modern meaning: conjunction, used at the beginning of the second half sentence, indicates that the following is the result of the above reasons (mostly refers to bad results).
Third, the flexible use of parts of speech
(A) the flexible use of nouns
1. Nouns as adverbials
(1) has swept the world, including, including the meaning of the four seas (mat, like a mat; Bags, like parcels; Bag, like a pocket)
(2) The response of the whole world is better than food and scenery. (clouds, like clouds; Ring, like an echo; Scene, like a shadow)
(3) Hanzhong in the south, Bashu in the west, fertile land in the east and key counties in the north. (south, south; West, west; East, east; North, north)
④ Take the land of Baiyue in the south as Guilin and Xiang Jun. (south, south)
(5) is to let Meng Tian build the Great Wall in the north and guard the fence (north, north).
⑥ Internal legislation, ... Fighting against vassals outside Lian Heng. (internally, internally; External, external)
All landowners Chen She's son urn rope pivot (urn, with broken urn; Rope, with rope)
2. Nouns as verbs
(1) the son of urn rope pivot (xuan, as a window; Pivots, such as door shafts)
(2) The eternal estate of the descendants of the emperor (the emperor, calling himself king)
(3) Warlords fighting outside Lian Heng (Lian Heng, Lian Heng's policy).
(4) Supreme to Liuhe (shoes and boards)
(5) will lead hundreds of people.
⑥ Ordering in eight states, facing the same column (ordering, incurring, manufacturing ... in order).
⑦ Alliance, seeking to weaken Qin (alliance: alliance)
(B) the flexible use of verbs
1. verb as noun
Chase death and drive north (death, escape from troops)
2. Causative usage of verbs
(1) Lian Heng fought against foreign vassals.
(2) There are a million bodies lying, bleeding and shaking their oars (floating, floating).
(3) Swallow it for two weeks and die (die, die, die)
(4) The sequence of eight states in the same column (worship, worship ...)
(5) But the Huns were more than 700 li (but, make ... retreat).
About from the balance (away from, make ... discrete)
(C) the flexible use of adjectives
1. adjectives as nouns
(1) the firmness of the letter (solid, dangerous, solid terrain)
(2) Take advantage of the situation and kill the world (benefit, favorable situation)
2. Adjectives as verbs
And the world is not weak (small, smaller; Weak, weak)
3. The causative usage of adjectives
(1) The warlord was afraid and formed an alliance to weaken Qin (weak, make ... weak, weaken)
(2) Burn a hundred words to be stupid (stupid, make ... stupid).
(3) Scholars dare not bow their heads and complain (bend over, bend over ...)
Fourth, the word is polysemy.
1. system
Hungry if you don't eat for a day, and cold if you don't make clothes at the end of the year.
(2) its teeth are clever, all hidden in the "Zhang Hengchuan people" manufacturing and production.
(3) It is impossible for me to put the land of hundreds of thousands of people in Wu under the repression and control of Battle of Red Cliffs.
(4) Qin has spare capacity to control its disadvantages.
(5) Liao Wang, Tian Ji, Lian Po and Zhao She made their soldiers direct operations in the Qin Dynasty.
⑥ It is to rebuild Yueyang Tower and increase the scale of its old Yueyang Tower.
die
(1) From the road of death, it belongs to the desperate escape and escape mentioned in Zhao's Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru.
(2) Wu Qin lost the arrow and left the price of the arrow. The princes of the world have fallen, and Qin Shu has lost it.
Although Yan is a small country, she is dead. Six kingdoms perished.
(4) Today, Liu Biao died, and his second son, Battle of Red Cliffs, died.
(5) Chasing the dead to the north, millions of deserters and fugitives lay dead in the Qin Dynasty.
⑥ The death of Hequ Zhicuo should be interpreted as "nothing" in "Yugong Yishan", and there is nothing.
All landowners swallowed it for two weeks and died. Warlords in Qin dynasty used it to ... perish.
3. Solid
(1) The unexpected abyss thought Qin Shu was solid and solid (terrain)
(2) The country was not consolidated by Mencius, but a steep mountain stream.
(3) The King of Qin refused to stick to Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru for fear that he would hit the wall.
(4) It is true that people are inherently mortal, or it is more important than Mount Tai or less important than Hong Mao's "Report to Ren An"
⑤ Being single-minded is becoming more and more arrogant and stubborn in Epang Palace Fu.
6. If you buy fish to cook, you will get a book in the fish's stomach, which is a strange thing. The "Chen She family" is both
4. Benefits
(1) So the wood is straight by the rope and the gold is sharp by the tip.
(2) It is not enough to practise jobbery, but also to "persuade students" quickly.
(3) The weather is not as good as the geographical position, and the geographical position is not as good as people's harmony. Mencius' sun and ugliness are favorable and the conditions are good.
(4) Take advantage of the situation to stifle the world and split the favorable situation of Guo Qin Theory.
(5) People with Chiang Kai-shek devoted themselves to the interests and benefits of The Snake Catcher for the third time.
Who is the profit of Pipa Opera? Pay attention to money first, and don't care how he leaves her.
5. Legacy
(1) Wu Ya heritage arrowheads, the world has been trapped "On Qin" lost.
(2) Don't close the door at night, and don't pick up things lost in the Romance of the Gods.
(3) primary school and great legacy, I did not see its clarity and "teacher said" omission, negligence.
(4) these three, my resentment is also left over by the dead in the preface of the actor's biography.
⑤ It is the legacy of the first emperor's stick figure giving and giving to your majesty's model.
6. Degree
(1) Ning is reliable and not confident, which is about the same size as Han Feizi.
(2) When you are born, but you don't overuse it, material resources will bend the degree and limit of "on accumulation and storage"
(3) Domestic legislation, farming and weaving, and maintenance of the rules and regulations of Guo Qin Lun.
(4) Suddenly, I lost my poise and normality in Jing Ke Stabbed the King of Qin.
⑤ Words, phrases and quantifiers in the annual autumn wind "Picking Sang Chongyang"
⑥ Learning from the past, I created this song "Yangzhou Slow".
All landowners have nothing to do with life, but go beyond the boundaries of death to pay. Therefore, the preface to the south guide is thought and pondered.
⑧ Try to make Lu and Chen She calculate "Shang Qin".
Pet-name ruby Wanli to Rongji, Guanshan degrees if flying "Mulan Poetry" calendar "crossing" also.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) special sentence pattern
A verdict.
1. These four monarchs are wise and faithful, generous and kind, and respect the virtuous.
2. However, Chen She's son, the son of Sheng Shu, is a self-protective and migratory person (... and, judging).
3. Guanzhong is solid, Jincheng is thousands of miles away, and the descendants of emperors will have a career of thousands of generations (... and, judging)
(2) Inverted sentences
1. Preposition structure postposition (adverbial postposition)
(1) Yu Wei's chastity is extremely vulgar.
(2) the status of Chen She, not qi, chu, yan, zhao, Korea. ...
(3) A large number of people do not resist the division of nine countries.
(4) The hoe is different from the long shovel of the hook.
2. Preposition object sentence
(1) and the world is not small and weak, and Yongzhou is a land of food and trust, but self-sufficient.
(2) Chen Libing and who?
passive sentence
(1) the fallen defenders, not against the nine kingdoms.
(2) Death and hand injury, laughing at the world.
elliptical sentence
(1) Business, internal legislation (provincial subject)
② Take (Zhi) as Guilin and Xiang Jun (provincial preposition object).
③ Gather in Xianyang (provincial preposition)
(4) Appointing officials (provincial preposition)
Reflections on the Comments on Guo Qin Lun
Qin Shihuang, who had a group of romantic figures, died, and his dream of a century-old emperor was shattered. Jia Yi summed him up as the result of "not giving benevolence and righteousness" in On Qin.
The development of Qin can be described as favorable weather, favorable geographical position and harmonious people. Zhou Shi exists in name only, there is no leader, and the princes kill each other, which is the right time; Qin occupied the dangerous terrain of Yishan and Hanguguan, and formed a natural barrier with Shandong countries. People have been engaged in agricultural production for a stable period of time, providing Qin Jun with sufficient logistics support. This is called geography. The persistence of monarch and subjects reflects the harmonious relationship between monarch and subjects. Xiao Gong was assisted, and later counselors Zhang Yi and Li Si made suggestions for Qin, explaining the harmony between man and nature.
Lian Heng was a vassal. Take the strategy of attacking from afar and attacking from near, and decompose the six countries. Use the interest relationship to let the six countries kill each other, thus eating into the six countries. The correct strategy is an important reason why Qin unified the world. Many monarchs are very talented, such as filial piety, Huiwen, martial arts, Zhao Xiang and the first emperor. They have made great efforts to achieve the world.
The demise of Qin lies in defending the world by taking advantage of the world. Implement a strict legal system under a foolish policy. It aroused the opposition of the lower class and the strong dissatisfaction of Shandong nobles. People's pent-up emotions erupted like a volcano in osawa Township, and the Qin Empire collapsed like a building in an instant. The country is like this, so are families and individuals. Nowadays, many family businesses founded by their fathers have declined for their children. Their parents had expected their children to inherit their legacy, but they never expected that their children would fail and their parents would not rest in peace under the grave. Yi Li, you should remember that there is a saying in the University, "From Tian Zi to Shu Ren, one depends on self-cultivation."
The central argument of Guo Qin's theory
The central argument of On Qin is that "the trend of attack and defense is different without benevolence and righteousness". This paper adopts the method of comparative argument from beginning to end, focusing on the fifth paragraph. The contrast between the past and the present of Qin State, the difference between Qin State and Nine States, and the speed ratio between Qin State's prosperity and Qin State's demise highlight the central argument of the article through comparative argumentation.