With the deterioration of the environment, China pays more and more attention to the environmental problems of small towns, and environmental problems continue to appear in the construction and development of small towns. This paper mainly analyzes the main environmental problems faced by small towns and briefly expounds the measures to strengthen environmental protection.

In recent years, the world has paid more and more attention to environmental problems, which are not only the problems of big cities, but also the surge in the construction of small towns. With the economic development of small towns in recent years, environmental problems have become more and more prominent, and it is urgent to carry out environmental management and governance of small towns. Only by better solving environmental problems can cities and towns achieve sustainable development and better maintain economic stability and progress.

1 Major environmental pollution problems

1. 1 water pollution

In recent years, with the increase of factory construction, although it provides a strong support for China's economic development, the tonnage of wastewater produced in its industrial production process is also increasing, and many pollutants in wastewater cannot be chemically dissolved. If untreated wastewater flows into rivers and lakes, it will cause serious water pollution. In the current wastewater treatment, although the state has made regulations on this, wastewater treatment is very difficult and requires a lot of investment. Many enterprises discharge wastewater without pretreatment. This situation is more serious in small towns, because the management department is not strong enough to manage wastewater, so more enterprises do not pay attention to wastewater treatment. These wastewater containing suspended solids, nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants will cause serious harm to animals in the water area and also have a serious impact on groundwater.

1.2 air pollution

With the increase of industrial production and automobile use, atmospheric emissions are also increasing. These harmful substances containing smoke and dust will cause serious harm to the atmosphere, increase the frequency of acid rain and accelerate the speed of global warming.

1.3 garbage pollution

With the development of all walks of life, the amount of garbage in cities and towns is increasing. If the control work is not done well, it is easy to take down the underground environment and cause serious damage to soil and groundwater.

1.4 noise pollution

The appearance of various sounds, combined together, will form noise, which is very harmful to human body. The noise in many urban residential areas seriously exceeds the specified requirements, which has a great impact on people's health.

2 major environmental problems in small towns

With the development of economy, the progress of small towns is very fast, but with the rapid development of small town industry, it also brings many environmental problems. Due to the lack of environmental management in small towns, environmental pollution has developed rapidly, which has seriously affected the development and health of small towns. The main environmental problems of small towns include:

2. 1 Factory garbage and domestic garbage are dumped at will. In small towns, because there is no centralized garbage disposal organization, there is no relevant standard for the treatment of industrial garbage and people's daily life garbage, and most of the garbage is dumped or buried at will without sorting treatment, which has caused serious garbage pollution in small towns. There are many non-degradable garbage in these garbage, which seriously pollutes the soil and groundwater in the dumping landfill area.

2.2 The ecological environment has been seriously damaged. When developing minerals in small towns, there will be no detailed mining plan and it will not be enough. In the process of mining, the backward mining method is easy to cause serious damage to the surrounding ecological environment and affect the ecological balance.

2.3 In industrial production, the discharged gas will not be pre-filtered, so it will cause serious pollution to the atmosphere of small towns, destroy the atmospheric environment, affect agricultural development and affect people's health.

2.4 The lack of pollution treatment facilities has brought certain constraints to the environmental protection work in small towns. In the treatment of domestic sewage and industrial wastewater in small towns, there is no good treatment method, which has caused serious water pollution.

2.5 In the process of livestock and poultry breeding, the breeder did not pay attention to the sewage generated in the process of livestock and poultry breeding. Excrement is well treated, so when these substances directly flow into farmland and other areas, it will cause damage to agriculture, affect soil quality and cause soil salinization.

3 the importance of strengthening environmental protection in small towns

From the point of view of environmental system, the transmission center of material flow, energy flow and information in the rural ecosystem of small towns is the node that connects urban and rural ecosystems. The environment of small towns is influenced by both social and natural factors. Many small towns have vast surrounding areas, large environmental capacity, strong natural purification furnaces and rich natural resources. Strengthening environmental protection can make its economy prosperous, social stability, beautiful environment and ecological balance, and realize the harmony between man and nature.

Rural industrialization and small towns are the only way for rural development. In most parts of our country, the economic development of small towns is in the primary stage, and the environment of small towns has not been seriously polluted and destroyed. In order to speed up the process of urbanization and build modern small towns, it is not the same as the mistake of "polluting first and then treating" in early developed countries and large and medium-sized cities in China. In the process of building modern towns, environmental protection and ecological construction of towns must be strengthened at the same time.

4 measures to strengthen environmental protection in the development of small towns

4. 1 Strengthen and improve the planning of small towns and optimize the layout of towns.

First of all, determine the functional orientation of small towns, proceed from the functional orientation of small towns and the basic conditions of local social and economic development, and do a good job in planning small towns. The planning of small towns should combine several aspects: immediate and long-term, local and comprehensive, economic and social ecological functions, practical and ornamental value, existing capacity level and reform and development potential. It is necessary to combine economic and social development planning, environmental planning, overall planning of village and town construction and overall planning of land use to realize several concentrations: rural population is concentrated in small towns, newly-built enterprises are concentrated in industrial parks, and cultivated land is concentrated in scale operation, so as to realize the coordination and unity of economic, social and environmental benefits and the sustainable development of rural economy.

4.2 Play the role of project EIA

New projects in small towns must carry out environmental impact assessment and check from the source. First, it must conform to the industrial development plan of the region; Second, the project should meet the requirements of clean production and circular economy and the total control target. Third, the project should be built in a suitable functional area. Strengthen public participation in project EIA and listen to public opinions carefully. Support towns with rich resources, strong ecological and environmental protection capabilities and great potential to accelerate development.

4.3 Construction of eco-environmental protection system in small towns

It is necessary to strengthen the ecological construction of small towns, vigorously improve the green coverage rate of small towns, especially the per capita public green space rate, and form the characteristics of small towns that are in harmony with the natural ecological environment. The greening of small towns can't just plant grass, for one thing, it consumes a lot of water, and for another, the ecological benefits are not necessarily good. It is necessary to scientifically mix grass, flowers and vines, and choose tree species structure with five characteristics: ecology, adaptability, economy, demand and appreciation. Form multi-species, diversity and multi-level, make full use of light, heat, soil, fertilizer, gas and other resources to form a harmonious and stable biological community. Where conditions permit, patches of forests or forest belts can be built around small towns to play the role of ecological barriers.

4.4 Improve infrastructure construction.

Establish sewage treatment facilities suitable for urban development and improve the centralized collection and treatment capacity of sewage. Small towns should implement rain and sewage diversion, and sewage treatment should take the road of combining "large, medium and small" It is necessary to broaden the gas source according to local conditions, develop clean energy, actively develop central heating, and solve the problem of scattered atmospheric non-point source pollution. Promote the use of clean energy such as electric energy, solar energy and biomass energy to further improve the quality of the atmospheric environment.

5 conclusion

With the development and progress of small towns, environmental problems appear constantly and deteriorate rapidly. If environmental problems are not properly handled, it will affect the development speed of small towns and restrict their economic progress. Therefore, in the management of small towns, managers must attach importance to environmental issues, actively formulate environmental governance programs, strengthen environmental publicity, raise people's awareness of environmental protection, and formulate sound environmental management programs to ensure the stable, healthy and environmentally friendly development of small towns.

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