After the freshmen in vocational schools enter school, many students feel uncomfortable in life, study and interpersonal communication, and are prone to negative emotions such as nervousness, anxiety, fear, depression and paranoia, which have a great impact on their studies. How to make freshmen get through the uncomfortable period smoothly under the correct guidance of teachers is an important topic in reality.

Keywords: vocational school freshmen psychological problems countermeasures

First, a correct analysis of the causes of psychological problems

1, from the change of living environment. At present, most students in vocational schools are only children, who are cared for by their parents since childhood, and their food and clothing habits have obvious personality characteristics. In the campus collective life, their daily diet and daily life are unified, just like the second weaning. Once, a female classmate called her mother to school on a long-distance call, just to repair the inner tube of an automatic car; A new boy asked his mother to tuck him in. He told his mother that the thermos was broken and asked her to call the teacher. Some students buy bottled mineral water for a long time because they are not used to drinking water from tea stoves; Some students have insomnia because they are not used to bunk beds. Students' maladjustment in life will cause psychological tension and anxiety, and they are always looking forward to going home to relax, which has a great adverse effect on normal study.

2. From the change of learning environment. First of all, at present, many middle schools have not completely got rid of the exam-oriented education mode, especially before the middle school entrance examination, students are in a sea of books, and parents and teachers supervise the whole learning process of students in real time, and the learning time every day is as long as ten hours. After entering the technical school, the pressure of further education is reduced, and the supervision of parents and teachers is relatively relaxed. This change in learning environment is likely to have a negative impact on learning results. Psychological research shows that reasonable internal drive can improve learning efficiency, while excessive tension or relaxation will reduce learning efficiency. Secondly, the learning contents and methods in technical schools are very different from those in middle schools. Many majors set up professional ethics and teaching practice courses in the first semester. These courses are closely related to practice, and it is impossible to obtain good learning results only by memorizing some knowledge points. The teaching personality of vocational school teachers is also more obvious. It is common to leave the teaching materials and go beyond the syllabus, which is a severe test for junior high school graduates who are used to cramming teaching.

3. From the perspective of the role change of the class. For various reasons, among the students in vocational schools, students with poor academic performance in junior high schools account for a large proportion. After entering the vocational school, the role relationship has changed, and the students are basically on the same starting line. Under this specific background, some students quickly adapted to the new role, from ugly duckling to white swan; At the same time, some students can't get rid of the mindset, and it is difficult to adapt to the position of the protagonist for a while, becoming confused and easy to become freshmen with poor academic performance. There are two kinds of freshmen with academic disabilities: one is that the IQ value caused by genetic factors is too normal (lower than the norm); Second, the IQ is normal, but there are emotional defects, mainly manifested in the deviation of value orientation and the weakening of learning motivation. The former's problems are mainly lack of self-confidence, low learning efficiency, neglect of skill training, and even inability to form corresponding professional ability; The latter kind of students are mainly influenced by bad social thoughts, and do not explicitly take the acquisition of professional ability as their learning motivation, so they often use some improper means in their study and life.

4. From the perspective of age growth factors. The school age of vocational school students is generally around 16 years old, and they have entered the early stage of adolescence. The basic feature of students in this age group is that their physical development is basically mature, but their psychological development is not yet mature. Vocational school students change from the "opposite sex alienation period" to the "opposite sex approaching period" in junior high school, which is easy to have a good impression on the opposite sex and even have a fanatical pursuit, thus leading to various mental troubles and affecting the completion of their studies. Due to the popularity of the Internet, the communication scope of technical school students has been greatly expanded. According to an incomplete survey, 50% of vocational school students have more than one netizen (usually of the opposite sex) from different places or schools. On the one hand, the Internet has increased the channels for vocational school students to obtain information and enhanced their interpersonal skills; On the other hand, this new thing also has a negative impact on vocational school students, and even some students have network dependence, leading to bad psychology. The author once witnessed a girl talking on the phone with a remote netizen in her spare time for more than an hour, which had obvious influence on her studies. Due to psychological naivety and lack of experience, vocational school students' yearning for friendship and love is more ideal and fantasy, and it is easy to produce severe emotional fluctuations after encountering setbacks in practice.

5. From the change of family economic situation. A considerable number of students in vocational schools come from poor rural areas or families of laid-off workers. Their lives are already poor, and further study increases the burden on families. Most of these students study hard, live frugally and get excellent grades. However, there are also a few students who have a heavy psychological burden and are tired of studying, especially the current poor employment channels, which have brought strong pessimism to these students.

Second, the psychological adjustment countermeasures and measures

The psychological adjustment of freshmen should be combined from two aspects: first, teachers should give targeted psychological counseling to students; Second, students take the initiative to carry out self-psychological adjustment. Teachers' psychological counseling is embodied in the following aspects:

1, strengthen life study guidance. Class teachers and psychological teachers should strengthen students' awareness of independent life, teach students some necessary life skills, and encourage students to help each other in life. At the beginning of entrance education and each course, relevant teachers should guide students in learning methods, so that students can understand the training objectives and main learning contents of their major and enhance their professional awareness and autonomous learning ability. When registering new students, the school should organize students to participate in the reception of new students, so that new students can get familiar with the learning environment as soon as possible and feel the warmth of the school family.

2. Put forward reasonable evaluation and requirements. When a certain desire can't be satisfied, or when it encounters difficulties and setbacks, it will produce negative emotions. Therefore, teachers should make appropriate evaluation and requirements for vocational school students. Excessive evaluation and requirements are like bubbles, which easily make students suffer setbacks; Low evaluation and requirements are like a pot of cold water poured on students, which makes them lose the opportunity to develop their potential. Only when teachers fully understand the demand of talent market and students' learning ability, determine reasonable teaching requirements and give students enthusiastic encouragement can they receive satisfactory educational results.

3. Actively carry out psychological counseling and career guidance. Vocational schools should set up psychological counseling rooms, carry out psychological counseling activities under the premise of protecting students' voluntary and privacy rights, restore and maintain students' positive emotions, and improve students' self-regulation ability. Psychological counseling includes two forms: individual counseling and team counseling. The former mainly solves students' psychological obstacles in cognition, emotion and interpersonal relationship, and helps students get rid of their troubles. The latter can help students know themselves, rebuild their cognition, restore their self-confidence, tap their potential and promote their psychological development. After freshmen enter school, the psychological counseling room should conduct a comprehensive psychological measurement of each student and establish psychological files. At the same time, the school should set up vocational guidance courses at the early stage of students' enrollment, so that they can establish a correct concept of career choice and values, strengthen their learning motivation and improve their learning efficiency.

In order to improve their psychological adjustment ability, students should not only actively participate in psychological counseling activities, but also make more efforts from the following aspects: First, learn to speak. Express your troubles clearly to teachers, classmates or relatives, or write them in a diary, and then you may find a solution to the problem yourself; The second is to learn to rule out. Put aside your troubles, play a game, watch a movie, or go for a walk in the suburbs, and your troubles may disappear; The third is to learn to transfer. If you put all your energy into your lessons, you won't have time to pay attention to those trivial things; The fourth is to learn to give up. Vocational school students should quickly eliminate the original "university complex", correctly understand themselves, face the reality and find their own unique life path. At the same time, we should learn to give up temporary enjoyment, make full use of precious time at school and strive to improve our own quality; The fifth is to learn to cultivate one's morality. Reading more good books, listening to more healthy music works and consciously resisting the influence of various negative cultures can continuously improve cultural literacy and maintain a positive attitude towards life.

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