Any invention and research begins with the discovery of problems, and the defect enumeration method begins with the discovery of problems, that is, the discovery of shortcomings of things. Therefore, we think that the shortcoming enumeration method is a very important creative skill, which is easy for students to master. That is to let students actively explore the defects of things, list their specific shortcomings one by one, and then improve them, so that things can be gradually improved and technological innovation can be promoted.
Analysis of students' situation
Students have learned the contents of the chapter "Finding and Clarifying Problems" and initially have the ability to find and clarify problems. Some students may have accumulated some valuable problems, so we just need to screen these problems a little, and then rise to the height of "topic" to study.
Analysis of teaching objectives
Knowledge and skills
1, understand the significance of brainstorming, listing shortcomings and questioning.
2. Learn brainstorming, short list and typical case questioning method.
(2) Process and method
1, combined with common products in life, learn common creative techniques by discussion, and use one of them to improve products.
2. By listing and evaluating cases of product inventions, students can deepen their understanding of brainstorming, listing shortcomings and asking questions.
Emotional attitudes and values
Educate students to observe things around them and correctly judge valuable information.
Teaching emphases and difficulties
Key points: be familiar with the principles and principles of brainstorming, and understand enumeration and questioning.
Difficulties: practical transfer and value judgment of creative techniques.
Teaching strategies and methods
This course is an introduction to theoretical knowledge, so we must pay attention to teaching methods. If we teach blindly, students' thinking will become dull. We can enliven the classroom atmosphere, broaden students' horizons and stimulate students' interest in learning by organizing brainstorming practice activities and organizing more examples.
1. Make students familiar with the application of brainstorming through case analysis and deepen their understanding of the significance of defect enumeration.
2. Let students make easy-to-open envelopes, and experience the feeling of improving envelopes by enumerating shortcomings and practicing small inventions.
3. Take the group as a unit and improve the following items such as daily necessities by enumerating shortcomings.
4. Introduce commonly used invention techniques, show successful examples of students' inventions, learn from others' creative experience, and improve students' creative ability.
5. Summarize this lesson with "Everyone has creative potential", "People's creative potential can be cultivated and guided in an appropriate way" and "Everything is flawed". As long as we have a pair of eyes for discovery and improve it with our clever brains and dexterous hands, our world will become perfect and better, thus stimulating students' creative enthusiasm.
Application of teaching media
1, flexible use of physical media to strengthen students' practical ability.
2. Comprehensive application of multimedia to improve teaching efficiency and expand teaching effect.
Walk into the world of science and technology
Key points of knowledge
Generation of 1. technology
Technology comes from human needs and desires (papermaking, printing, airplanes).
2. The connotation of technology
Technology refers to the knowledge, experience, skills and means accumulated by human beings in the process of long-term utilization, control and transformation of nature in order to meet their own and social needs, and it is the sum of the methods, means and skills of human beings to utilize, transform and create artificial nature or artificial environment.
3. Basic elements of technology (through expression)
① Experience form: the experience and skills of making and operating machines by hand (acquired through the five senses).
② Physical form: hand tools, mechanical devices and automatic control devices.
3 knowledge form: knowledge is the solidification of experience, which is manifested as empirical knowledge and theoretical knowledge.
4. Natural and social attributes of technology
Natural attribute: it must conform to the laws of nature (three-dimensional agricultural ecological engineering, disillusionment of perpetual motion dream)
Social attribute: restricted or supported by social conditions (successful prevention and control of human cloning and large-scale locust plague)
5. The purpose of technology
Technology always starts from a certain purpose and forms a solution to a specific problem, thus meeting people's certain needs. The purposeful, planned and step-by-step technical activities of human beings promote the continuous development of technology.
6. The relationship between technology and science
Technology is an integral part of production, which is manifested in the skills of workers, material means, technological process and operation methods in the production process, so it is a direct productive force and practical;
Science is a natural law that exists in nature and has no direct relationship with production. Only by using the intermediary of technology can scientific theoretical knowledge be transformed into technical principles, technical designs and technical measures, into the knowledge and ability of workers, into tools, machines and technical equipment, and into productive forces.
Science is the foundation of technology and technology is the application of science; Technological development provides necessary technical means for scientific research.
7. The difference between technology and science
① Different meanings: science is a branch of knowledge system that reflects the objective laws of nature, society and thinking; Technology is the use and creation of nature.
Experience, knowledge, skills and materialized results accumulated in the process of productive labor.
(2) Different forms of achievements: scientific achievements are expressed as theories, concepts, laws, rules, papers, etc. Non-commercial; Technical achievements appear in the form of process flow, design drawings and operation methods, which can be commercialized.
③ Different tasks: The basic task of science is to know the world and make discoveries, so as to enhance human knowledge wealth; The basic task of technology is to transform the world, make inventions and creations, so as to create human material wealth and enrich people's spiritual and cultural life. Scientifically answer the questions of "what" and "why"; Technology must answer the questions of "what" and "how to do it".
④ The relationship with production is different: there is no direct connection between science and production, and technology directly serves production.
Life and production process
Save process in life and production
First, the teaching content analysis:
This unit studies the process in production and life. Compared with the other three units, the content is easier to understand. Process is one of the core concepts of technology. Process is a concept with time as the core, so this unit plate introduces and reveals the concept, significance and expression method of flow chart from the perspective of time sequence and links through lively cases. The meaning of the process is the difficulty of this section. The text starts with time and explains the meaning of the process.
Second, the teaching object analysis:
In the process of studying the themes of Structure and Design and Technology and Design 1, students have mastered the basic methods of analyzing and studying a specific problem, and can systematically and comprehensively compare and weigh a design, so they have certain technical literacy.
Three. Goal:
1. Knowledge and skills:
1. Understand the meaning of process and its significance to life and production.
2. By analyzing typical cases of work flow, production flow and agricultural production flow, we can understand the significance of loop and time sequence in the flow. 3. Learn to read simple flowcharts.
2. Process and method:
Through the introduction and derivation of the meaning of the process through the highly infectious video, combined with the analysis of typical cases, the expression of the process and its significance to life and production are explained.
3. Emotions, attitudes and values:
(1) not only teaches students about the process, but also explores the ideas and methods contained in the process and their applications in our life and production.
(2) Through the understanding of the process, cultivate students' ability to optimize the life and work process, and let students experience the success of innovation and the economic and environmental benefits that innovation may bring.
Four, teaching difficulties:
1. Teaching focus:
The meaning of the process, analyze and understand the links and time sequence of the process and its significance.
2. Teaching difficulties:
Analyze the links and time sequence in specific cases and adopt scientific and reasonable processes.
An overview of verb (abbreviation of verb) teaching;
On the basis of case analysis, combined with question-and-answer method, experiment method and discovery method, the effect of teacher-student interaction is achieved.
2 class hours.
Five, teaching equipment:
Two-color ballpoint pen disassembly small test, two-color ballpoint pen students prepare.
Sixth, the teaching process:
[introducing new lessons]
In life and study, we will consciously or unconsciously follow a certain "process" to do a thing or complete a job. So what exactly is a process? Let's enjoy a short video first.
Play the video.
Teacher: Please combine the video with your existing knowledge and experience to talk about your understanding of the process.
First, the process of understanding
The significance of 1. process
A process is an activity or a series of continuous and regular events or behaviors.
It is pointed out that any process reflects a certain time sequence and embodies a certain link.
Time series is arranged in chronological order.
There are reversible and irreversible time series.
Take immediate action:
Please list the cases in which the time series in your life is irreversible and explain the reasons. For example, the front wheel of a bicycle is mounted on the axle, fried eggs (first pour oil and then add eggs), diluted with concentrated sulfuric acid (first add acid and then add water), photo development (must be developed before fixing), circuit fault maintenance, and wire fire treatment.
Examples of reasons why time series cannot be reversed
1 Axle steel wire on bicycle front rim-weaving-front axle-upper outer tire-upper inner tube-upper valve
2 Dilute concentrated sulfuric acid, add water-guide-and stir to pour acid.
3 photo development and exposure-development-fixing-photos
4 Fried eggs and burning oil-eggs.
5 circuit troubleshooting power outage-maintenance
6 Fire treatment caused by wire fire and power failure-splashing water to put out the fire
7. Rotary table drilling should be accurately positioned with sample punch first.
Irreversible time series often reflects the inherent laws or mechanisms of things or activities, which we should respect and follow.
Link: several stages or small processes to complete a specific goal and form a production or activity process are called stages.
The division of links is relative, and the link itself can be a process, that is, the process is hierarchical.
For example, a P40 student's morning activities include brushing teeth and washing face, and brushing teeth can be subdivided into fetching water, squeezing toothpaste, brushing teeth and cleaning.
Time series and link characteristics
Act now p40:
What are the procedures for freshmen to enter our school? What are the specific items of each link? Please fill in the following table according to your understanding.
Specific matters of serial number link
1 Check your own class, check the placement table and check the class distribution map. ...
Queue up for class, register and pay the fee ...
3 Pay in the dormitory to find the dormitory where the class is located, choose beds, queue up and pay. ...
4 handle eating, queuing for water tickets, and handling cards. ...
Buy daily necessities lunch boxes, toothbrushes, toothpaste, towels, soap and toilet paper. ...
Case study: p04 1
Take immediate action:
1) Please tell us the process of assembling screws in this factory.
Time series not only has the sequence before and after, but also has the problem of interval length.
Thinking: What is the relationship between process, sequence and link?
Any process reflects a certain time sequence and embodies a certain link.
A process is an activity or a series of continuous and regular events or behaviors. Good technology can effectively guide production and life activities.
2) Give some examples of life with strict time requirements for the process.
Act now: According to your understanding, choose 1-2 activity from the above picture and explain its basic process.
Travel:
Engineering drawings:
Grafting of fruit farmers:
2. Expression of process
In order to make the description of the process clearly visible, we generally use flow charts to express the process. There are many ways to express the flow chart, including the simplest block flow chart, text expression, table expression, graphic expression, model expression, animation demonstration and so on.
Let's make a brief analysis with specific case pictures.
(1) block flow chart. The product design process in Technology and Design 1 is a process. Use arrows to indicate the time sequence, boxes to indicate events or activities, and single arrows to indicate the sequential relationship of events or activities.
(2) written expression
(3) Table expression
(4) Graphic expression
(5) Model expression
(6) Animation demonstration (start animation)
Shenzhou VI: separation of escape tower → rocket ignition → booster separation → first-stage rocket separation → fairing separation.
As can be seen from the above flow chart, some use arrows to represent time series, some use numerical serial numbers to represent time series, and some also use time to represent time series. The serial number or box in the flow chart reflects the specific situation of this link and process.
When compiling computer programs, it is often necessary to use program flow charts to represent algorithms. The boxes and diamond boxes in the flow chart indicate some links, and the arrows indicate the direction of the program flow.
Act now: The picture on the right shows the project structure of men's table tennis singles. * * * There are 16 teams, and the champion is decided by single elimination system. Please draw the link.
We can see the following links: one-eighth knockout, one-quarter knockout, semi-final and final. * * * Four links.
Thinking: Describe the flow of the following activities in an appropriate way.
1) The process of sending a letter to a distant friend from delivery to receipt.
2) The process of interior decoration of the house purchased at home.
Tip:
(1) floor laying;
(2) Paint floors, wooden furniture, etc. ;
(3) Install bathtub and toilet, and lay floor tiles and wall tiles;
(4) painting the wall;
(5) Installation of water and electricity pipelines (network cables, telephone lines, TV signal lines, wires, switch sockets, etc.). ).
3) The process of making a simple wall-mounted bookshelf by yourself.
Small experiment: installation sequence of two-color ballpoint pen. (Device competition designed for students to group)
Requirements: Each group will send one student representative to participate in the competition.
Second, life and process
1. The significance of process for daily life:
In daily life, scientific and reasonable processes can guide us to do things correctly, improve the efficiency of work and study, make our lives orderly and reasonable, and provide guarantee for our safety.
Let's illustrate it with concrete examples.
2. Case study:
Case analysis 1: Read the textbook P44, the process arrangement of washing, cooking and cooking, and analyze the different work processes in the case. How much time can you save at most?
Workflow is mentioned here to supplement the meaning of workflow and let students know what workflow is.
Workflow reflects the whole process of a series of orderly work or activities to complete a thing or a task.
Point out: it is an activity process aimed at people or production tools.
Ask the students and give the most time-saving flow chart.
This example shows that scientific and reasonable processes can improve the efficiency of life and work.
Case study 2: penicillin injection process. Read the case of P44 penicillin injection process. What does the penicillin injection process show? How to express it with flow chart?
This shows that scientific and reasonable technology provides a guarantee for our safety.
Case study 3. Xiao Huang is going to go to school by bike after eating at home. Suddenly, he found the tire flat. What should Xiao Huang do if he can only repair his bike by himself?
Process:
Take immediate action:
Summarize the significance of the process to daily life and illustrate it with examples.
1. Improving efficiency: personal timetable.
2. Make life orderly and reasonable: school curriculum, hospital treatment process.
3. Make life safer: skin test before penicillin injection and the use of gas stoves.
4. Improve learning efficiency: a one-week extracurricular practice schedule
……
Three. Production and processing
1. the significance of technology to industrial and agricultural production;
In industrial and agricultural production, scientific and reasonable technology can effectively organize production, improve production efficiency, ensure product quality, ensure safe production and protect the environment.
2. Case analysis
Case study 1: production technology of soft leather chair. Read the production process case of P45 soft leather chair;
Thinking: Why should the production process of soft leather chairs be arranged like this?
The reasons for this arrangement are:
1) The production process arrangement of soft leather chairs should conform to its own logic;
2) Divide similar processes into one link, which is convenient for inspection according to quality standards and ensures quality.
3) On the basis of quality assurance, parallel operation shall be adopted as far as possible to improve production efficiency.
Combined with case analysis, the operation mode of the process-the meaning of serial and parallel is explained.
Serial operations: operations performed in sequence. The feature is that the next process can only be entered after the last process is completed.
Parallel operations: operations that can be performed simultaneously. For example, if you make a soft chair, you can make a frame, fabric and sponge at the same time.
1798, such a thing happened in America. The US government requires Whitney, the factory owner, to produce 10000 muskets within 15 months. This is more difficult than Zhu Geliang's task of building 654.38+ 10,000 arrows in three days. Whitney used a new method to accomplish this task. He broke down every gun-making job into parts, and each type of work only produced one part. Then he put each part in a bag, numbered each bag, and finally took out a part from different bags to assemble a gun. Whitney thus completed the production task. His method laid the foundation for later assembly line production.
Reading: P046 automatic production line
Production line features:
1) has high production efficiency and low cost.
2) The timing on the pipeline cannot be reversed.
Case study 2: continuous quenching process. Read P47 continuous quenching process case.
Thinking: What is the technological process? What are the links in the technological process of continuous quenching? Can you omit some?
The meaning of technological process: technological process refers to the whole process of producing or manufacturing a product in sequence through a series of processes or processing links from the input of raw materials to the output of finished products.
It is pointed out that it is aimed at the manufacturing process of products.
The quenching process flow chart is given. It is pointed out that quenching includes six links. Removing any link can not meet the technological requirements of workpiece quenching, resulting in product quality problems.
In industrial and agricultural production, whether the production is carried out correctly in strict accordance with the cycle and time sequence requirements in the process will directly affect the safety production and product quality. If the process requirements are violated, economic losses will be caused, which will lead to safety accidents and heavy losses of life and property.
Supplement: The production of any product needs to go through the process from design to production, which often includes both workflow and technological process.
Case Analysis 3: P048 Reasons for Crop Failure in Li Longfei.
Thinking: Please analyze from the perspective of process, why are the crops harvested in Zhangbaotian and Li Longfei so different?
The growth of crops has its own laws, and the arrangement of crop planting management should conform to the growth laws of crops.
Reading: the characteristics and distribution of process industries.
Four. abstract
1, meaning and significance of process, expression of process:
Block diagram expression, text expression, table expression and graphic expression.
2, the process of life and its analysis.
3. The significance of process to daily life and industrial and agricultural production.
First, improve the efficiency of life
B, make life orderly and reasonable
Make life safer
D, let the quality of life be higher
……
There are processes everywhere in life. The production and living activities of human beings are carried out according to a certain process. The process reflects a certain time series and embodies a certain stage. Reasonable process arrangement is conducive to improving production efficiency and making life orderly and reasonable.
Exercise:
1. Scraping tires → leak detection → grinding tire skins around holes → grinding patches → gluing → patching → assembling tires.
In the process of tire repair, it is essential to roughen the tire skin around the hole with burrs to increase the contact area and make the adhesion between the patch and the tire skin stronger. In addition, dust particles on the surface can be removed to make the patch smooth. If you don't follow this process, it will definitely leak.
2. Tips; In chronological order, write down the direction of the car shop and the direction of pedestrians in each time period. (Expand students' horizons and explain that the time series is not all one-way and periodic)
3.
leave out