1. In word, numbers with continuous footnotes exceeding 10 are indicated by circled symbols, mainly because word software 1- 10 has a default setting, but there is no default setting after 1 1. Therefore, manual setting is required. From 168. 246b——？ 246c——？ 246d——？ 246 degrees east longitude? 246f——？ 2470——? 247 1——? 2472——? 2473——? Enter the first four characters in the corresponding position, select the character (for example, select 2473), press ALT+X, and the circled 20 will come out. Supplementary method: Numbers over 20 have no codes, and Microsoft can't give them. So it can't be done like this. Here's another way: select a number with circled characters (for example, 2 1) and click on the toolbar. "Expanding the circle" means expanding the circle, so as to enclose all the words. Choose this. (2) Select the number of laps. In the Number of Circles selection box, select the circle by selecting the shape of the outer circle of the character. (3) Select the number 2 1 on the left and confirm. Then you can see the effect when you enlarge the word, and the effect is not ideal, so you choose the circled 26544. O\ac(○, 2 1)}, then you choose the circle in parentheses to choose a larger font size (like others), choose the number 2 1 to reduce the font size, and then press ALT+F9, and you can see the effect. This method is not good, such as 265438+ after this change.

2. What is the paper and how to write it? 1. Composition of a paper A paper generally consists of title, author, abstract, keywords, text, references and appendix. Some compositions (such as appendices) are optional. The order of the thesis is: title, author, abstract, keywords, English title, English abstract, English keywords, text, references and appendix. (1) Title specification The title should be concise, specific and accurate, which can summarize the specific content of the paper and help to select keywords. Abide by the relevant principles of compiling book titles, indexing and retrieval. Titles should avoid using formulas and unusual abbreviations, acronyms, characters, codes, etc. If necessary, you can use abbreviations commonly used in the industry. Titles generally do not exceed 20 words. If the meaning of the topic is not complete, you can supplement the specific content of the paper with the subtitle name. Sometimes, the paper is a phased research achievement, and the specific content can be distinguished by different subheadings. Generally, the title of a foreign book should not exceed 10 notional words. 2. Proposition method 3. Matters needing attention in English title writing ① English titles mainly appear in the form of phrases, especially noun phrases, that is, titles basically consist of one or several nouns plus their prepositions and/or postattributes; The title of the phrase type should be defined by the head word, and then modified before and after. The order of each word is very important, and improper word order will lead to inaccurate expression. (2) Declarative sentences are generally not used, because the title mainly serves as a marker, and declarative sentences tend to make the title have judgmental semantics, which are not refined and eye-catching. In a few cases (critical, comprehensive and refutable), interrogative sentences can be used as titles, because interrogative sentences have an exploratory tone. It is easy to arouse readers' interest. The English title and Chinese title of the same paper should be consistent in content, but it does not mean that the words should correspond to each other. In many cases, individual immaterial words can be omitted or changed. ④ Foreign sci-tech journals generally have restrictions on the number of words in titles, and some stipulate that titles should not exceed two lines, and each line should not exceed 42 printed symbols and spaces. Some require that the title should not exceed 14 words. These regulations can be used for our reference. ⑤ In the English title of the paper, all articles that can or cannot be used are useless. (2) The author's signature is 1. The author's signature is placed under the title, or the group of authors can be marked in the footer of the first page of the article. Sometimes, the author's name can also be marked at the end of the text. The author should indicate the full name of his work unit, province, city name and postal code, and put it in brackets below the author's signature. The names of many authors are arranged according to their contributions to the paper. The signatures are separated by commas. Authors of different work units should add different Arabic numeral serial numbers in the upper right corner of their names, and add the same number as the author's name serial number before the name of their work units; Work units are separated by semicolons. For example: Wang Jun 1, Zhang Hong 2, Liuli 1. * * Physics Department of Beijing Normal University100875; 2.** Physics Department of Beijing Institute of Education 100 1 1) 2. Precautions for translating the name of the author and his unit ① Don't use abbreviations for the name of the translation unit, and attach the address and postal code to ensure convenient contact; ② The names of translation units should be translated uniformly; (3) the author's name should be spelled in Chinese Pinyin, and the surname should be used. With the rapid development of computer technology and Internet, online query, retrieval and download of professional data has become an important means of scientific and technological information retrieval. Such as Li Hua, Zhang Xi and Zhuge Ying. Abstract index is an important tool for readers to retrieve literature, which provides convenience for the construction and maintenance of scientific and technological information literature retrieval database. After the paper is published, abstract magazines or various databases can directly use the abstract without modification or slight modification, so that readers can know the main contents of the paper as soon as possible to supplement the deficiency of the title, thus avoiding misunderstandings, deficiencies and even mistakes that may occur when others write the abstract. Therefore, the quality of abstracts is high or low. It directly affects the retrieval rate and citation frequency of papers. 1. Normative abstract is a brief statement without comment on the content of the paper, which requires a brief description of the purpose, research methods and final conclusion of the research work, with the focus on the conclusion. It is an independent and complete paper, which can be cited and popularized. Generally speaking, a paper should have an abstract. Put it after the title and author, but before the text. Abstract is usually written after the paper is finished. In order to facilitate communication, there should also be an English abstract. Chinese first, English last. The Chinese abstract is marked with "Abstract:" or "[Abstract]". The English abstract is marked with the words "Abstract:" in front of it. The contents of English abstracts should generally correspond to Chinese abstracts. Chinese abstracts of papers published in periodicals generally do not exceed 300 words (foreign abstracts do not exceed 250 real words accordingly). Sometimes, according to special needs, the length of the abstract depends on the length of the text, the scope of the topic, the importance and so on. Generally, the number of words should not exceed 5% of the number of words in the paper. 2. Precautions for writing an abstract ① Don't simply repeat the existing information in the title, avoid writing the contents of the introduction into the abstract, don't copy the text of the subtitle (table of contents) or conclusion of the paper, and don't interpret the content of the paper. (2) Try to describe it in words instead of enumerating data in the abstract; The words should be concise, exclude the content that has become common sense in this subject field, and delete meaningless or unnecessary words; The content shall not be demonstrated, not exemplified, and the research process shall not be introduced; The content of the abstract must be complete, and the main contents (or opinions) elaborated in the paper cannot be omitted, and it should be written into a short article that can be used independently. Generally speaking, it is not segmented and should not be written line by line. The statement should be objective, which is not suitable for subjective evaluation of the research process, methods and achievements, nor for comparison with other people's research. 3. Precautions for writing English abstracts The above precautions for writing Chinese abstracts apply to English abstracts. However, English has its own expressions and language habits, so we should pay special attention to it when writing English abstracts. ① The tense of English abstracts is usually the simple present tense or the simple past tense, in which the simple present tense is used to explain the research purpose, describe the research content, describe the results and draw conclusions.