Abstract of modern scientific and technological knowledge 100 (short knowledge of popular science should be about 100 words) 1. Short knowledge of popular science should be about 100 words.
1 Weather refers to meteorological phenomena that occur in a short time (from several minutes to several days), such as thunderstorm, hail, typhoon, cold wave and strong wind.
2. What is climate climate refers to the long-term average of various meteorological elements in a long period (month, season, year, year, even hundreds of years, etc.). It is a comprehensive reflection of the basic characteristics of cold, warm, dry and wet weather conditions in a region.
3. Climate resources Climate resources refer to natural substances and energy widely existing in the atmosphere, such as light energy, heat energy, precipitation and wind energy. , can be directly or indirectly used by people, forming wealth, with use value. It is a very precious renewable natural resource and the basic condition for the survival and development of human society, and has been widely used in all aspects of the national economy and people's livelihood.
4. Microclimate Microclimate is a unique climate in some areas under the same climate background, which is formed due to the inconsistency of topographic orientation, soil conditions and vegetation. The characteristics of microclimate are mainly manifested in the drastic changes of individual meteorological elements and the differences of individual weather phenomena.
Urban climate is a local climate or microclimate formed under the macro-climate or regional climate background due to the influence of urbanization. The urban climate is characterized by five islands, namely, heat island, wet island, dry island, rainy island and mud island.
6. Heat island effect Heat island is a comprehensive phenomenon of microclimate change caused by people changing the urban surface, and it is one of the most obvious characteristics of urban climate. Due to the acceleration of urbanization, dense urban buildings, asphalt roads and cement pavements have greater heat capacity and heat absorption rate than the soil and vegetation in the suburbs, which makes the urban area store more heat and radiate it to the surrounding areas and the atmosphere, resulting in the temperature in the urban area being generally higher than that in the surrounding suburbs at the same time. The high-temperature urban area is surrounded by low-temperature suburbs, just like an island in the sea of Wang Yang. This phenomenon is called urban heat island effect.
7. Why the air pressure in winter is higher than that in summer refers to the pressure produced by the air column per unit area on the earth. The air pressure in a place often changes. When the air pressure drops, it is rainy, the weather rises and the weather turns fine. There are many reasons for the change of air pressure. The change of temperature is a very important reason for the change of pressure. When the air is cooled, the air contracts, the density increases, the weight of air column per unit area increases, and the air pressure also increases. Therefore, the arrival of cold air is always accompanied by the increase of air pressure; When warm air comes, the air pressure tends to drop. Winter is a world of cold air and summer is a world of warm air, so obviously, the air pressure is high in winter and low in summer.
2. Urgent ~ ~ ~ scientific common sense essay (100 words or less)
There are many kinds of scientific knowledge. What do you want? Such as biology, physics, chemistry and so on.
Provide some topics of scientific papers for reference. What are the types of scientific papers on weather modification? How to write a scientific paper? Why can clothes keep people warm? Electromagnetic runway color projection small magnetic needle student scientific papers model essay to be an innovative person. Don't waste rubbish. Why are shoes getting brighter and brighter? What can we do for bioenergy? Are twins really telepathic? Why do popsicles steam? How to write scientific papers according to the new theory of dark matter? Be an innovative person. Science and technology club and I can fly without opening the door, and we can see the door. Can outsiders add vinegar to the water when cleaning umbrellas and raising flowers? The invention of intelligent ground garbage collection device-the wonderful use of folding scale ash. Why didn't the Great Wall fall down for thousands of years? By studying the foraging habits of spiders, the vitality of mantis plants will also sleep. On the relationship between buoyancy and gravity when objects float, what harm does duck's magical saliva have to the experiment of oil smoke in ink kitchen? .
3. Science Story 100 Word Science
First, high heels
/kloc-a venetian businessman in the 0/5th century often went out to do business, but he was worried that his wife would go out to have an affair. One rainy day, he was walking in the street, with a lot of mud on his heels, and he walked very hard. Businessmen are inspired by this, because Venice is a water city and boats are the main means of transportation. The businessman thinks that his wife will not be able to walk on the springboard in high heels, so she can be trapped at home.
Unexpectedly, his wife felt very novel when she put on these shoes. Accompanied by the servant, she got on and off the boat and played around. High-heeled shoes made her more graceful, and fashionable ladies rushed to follow suit, so high-heeled shoes quickly became popular.
Second, raincoats.
1747, French engineer Franois Fraineau made the world's earliest raincoat.
He used latex obtained from rubber wood to dip cloth shoes and jackets in this latex solution, which can play a waterproof role.
McIntosh, who works in a rubber factory in Scotland, can't afford rain gear because he lives in poverty. Every rainy day, he can only go to work in the rain. One day, he accidentally spilled rubber juice on his clothes and couldn't wipe it off, so he had to wear this dirty clothes to go home.
It was raining outside, but when McIntosh came home, he was surprised to find that his clothes were not wet at all. He just smeared rubber juice on his clothes. This is the first rubber raincoat in the world.
Third, the phonograph
Edison was a famous American scientist and inventor. Because he has many inventions 1000, such as electric light, phonograph, film and storage battery, people call him "the king of inventions" and "the magician".
Edison's greatest achievement was the invention of the electric light. However, among his inventions, nothing shocked the society at that time more than the phonograph. /kloc-in the autumn of 0/877, the phonograph invented by Edison caused a sensation throughout new york, and reporters from various newspapers flocked to report this unusual news.
Fourth, the telephone.
That was June 2nd, 1875. Bell and his assistant Watson are experimenting with multiple telegrams in two rooms respectively. An accidental accident inspired Bell. In Watson's room, there is a spring stuck to the magnet of the telegraph. When Watson pulled it away, it shook.
At the same time, Bell was surprised to find that the spring on the telegraph in his room vibrated and made a sound. It is the current that transmits vibration from one room to another.
Bell's mind suddenly broadened. He thought: If a person speaks to a piece of iron, the sound will cause the iron to vibrate; If an electromagnet is placed behind the iron sheet, the vibration of the iron sheet will inevitably produce large and small currents in the electromagnet coil. This fluctuating current travels far away along the wire, so that similar devices in the distance will not vibrate and make the same sound.
Bell and Watson made the telephone according to this new idea. In an experiment, a drop of sulfuric acid splashed on Bell's leg, which made him cry. "Mr. Watson, I need you. Please come to me! " "This sentence reached Watson's ear by telephone through wires, and the telephone succeeded! 1On March 7th, 876, Bell became the patentee of telephone invention.
Five, lightning rod
The modern lightning rod was invented by American scientist Franklin. Franklin thought lightning was a discharge phenomenon. In order to prove this point, he risked being struck by lightning on a thunderstorm day in July 1752, put a kite with a long metal wire into the thunderstorm cloud and tied a string of silver keys at the end of the metal wire.
When the thunder and lightning happened, Franklin's hand was close to the key, and a string of electric sparks burst out on the key. My hands are still numb. Fortunately, the lightning passed down this time was very weak, and Franklin was not injured.
4. Write a short scientific article and introduce some scientific knowledge.
Memory has always been regarded as a unique function of organisms, especially higher organisms. However, materials scientists found in their research that some metals also have memory function.
In the 1960s, researchers in the US Naval Ordnance Laboratory made a NiTi alloy wire with 55% nickel and 45% titanium. They wound this nickel-titanium alloy wire into a spiral coil, heated it to 150℃, and then cooled it and straightened it. When the alloy wire was heated to 95℃ again, an incredible scene appeared-the wire automatically curled into the shape of the original spiral coil. The researchers cooled it and straightened it again, but when heated to the same temperature, it would return to its original shape. Repeat the experiment again and again.
Later, scientists discovered other alloys, such as Cu-Zn-Al alloy, Cu-Ni-Al alloy and Fe-Pt alloy. , also has the function of this shape memory. They call these alloys "shape memory alloys".
This alloy with shape memory function can be widely used in satellite antenna, aircraft hydraulic system, pipe riveting, medical equipment and many other fields. For example, antennas made of them are usually folded very small. When the spacecraft is in the sky, the antenna will expand into a hemisphere with a diameter of several meters under the irradiation of sunlight; Artificial bone tie rods made of them can rely on human body temperature to assemble and fix broken bones, which greatly speeds up the speed of fracture healing. Agree 0| Comment
5. Some unpopular scientific knowledge
1. Why does sorbet get angry?
The reason why sorbet bubbles is because there is a lot of invisible water vapor in the outside air. When it comes to cold sorbet, it will liquefy into droplets when it is cold. It seems that the sorbet is bubbling.
2. Why do sunflowers always face the sun?
Sunflower stems contain a wonderful auxin. This auxin is very afraid of light. When it is illuminated, it will go to the backlight side, and the cells on the backlight side will multiply rapidly. Therefore, the backlit side will grow faster than the bright side, which will bend the sunflower to light.
3. Why do cicadas shed their skin?
Cicada's shell (exoskeleton) is hard and can't expand with the growth of cicada. When the cicada grows to a certain stage, the cicada's exoskeleton restricts its growth, and the cicada loses its original exoskeleton, which is cicada slough.
4. How do bees make honey?
Bees spit the collected sweet flower juice into an empty beehive. At night, they suck sweet juice into their honey stomachs to make it, and then spit it out and swallow it. It takes 65,438+000 ~ 240 times to make sweet honey.
5, hanging on the wall of the quartz clock, when the battery runs out and stops, its second hand often stops at the "9" position on the dial. This is because the second hand is most hindered by the large torque at the "9" position. Scientific common sense
6. Sometimes, when tap water flows from the adjacent faucet, it occasionally makes bursts of noise. This is because the water pipe vibrates when the water rushes out of the tap.
7. When taking pictures on TV, turn off the camera flash and indoor lighting to make the picture clearer. Because the reflected light of the flash lamp and the illuminating lamp on the TV screen will interfere with the transmitted light of the TV picture.
8. At the same temperature, frozen meat thaws faster in water than in air. At the same temperature, hot nails cool faster in water than in air. A cup filled with boiling water cools faster when immersed in water than when immersed in air at the same temperature. All these phenomena show that water has better heat transfer performance than air,
9. When there is cold water in the pot, the water droplets attached to the outer surface of the pot bottom can only be dried up after a long time on the flame, and will only boil when it is dried up. This is because the water droplets, the pot and the water in the pot keep heat conduction, and the temperature is almost the same. As long as the water in the pot is not boiled, the water droplets will not boil, and the water droplets will evaporate on the flame and be gradually dried up.
10, out-of-shape mirror, the farther away from the mirror, the more out of shape. Because the image in the mirror is formed by the reflection of the silver-plated surface behind the mirror, uneven silver-plated surface or uneven glass thickness will lead to aliasing. The farther away from the deformed mirror, the more the reflected light on the silver-plated surface deviates from the normal position according to the principle of light amplification, and the more deformed the mirror is.