In many aspects of personal growth, when it comes to papers, everyone is certainly familiar with them. A paper generally consists of title, author, abstract, key words, text, references and appendix. So how to write a general paper? The following is my careful analysis of the difference between management accounting and financial management, hoping to help everyone.

Analysis of the differences between management accounting and financial management;

With the development of China's economy, the accounting discipline has been changing in recent years. The main job of financial accounting is to provide financial statements for users inside and outside the enterprise. Its main job is to summarize the work according to the daily business activities of the enterprise, and then prepare financial statements. The main job of management accounting is to provide the necessary decision-making information for the management of enterprises, so that the management can make correct decisions accordingly, and at the same time, it can also play a role as the basis for decision-making of various departments.

I. Importance of management accounting and financial management

Management accounting is a new comprehensive interdisciplinary subject based on modern management science, a subsystem of enterprise management information system and an important part of decision support system. The main function of management accounting is to improve the economic efficiency and benefit of enterprises, establish various accounting control systems, and compile various data and materials needed for internal management accounting of enterprises. In other words, management accounting is to use appropriate concepts and techniques to process the historical or predictive economic data of a single enterprise, so as to achieve the purpose of anticipating economic prospects, participating in economic decision-making, planning business objectives, controlling economic processes and evaluating business performance.

Financial management is the requirement of enterprise internal management. Formal and orderly financial management can help enterprises manage the whole process of production and operation activities from the perspective of value, reduce production costs, improve the efficiency of capital use and the competitiveness of products, thus being in a favorable position in the fierce market competition. Secondly, financial management is the requirement of the realistic environment. With the continuous development and maturity of the capital market, investors have higher and higher requirements for the quality of enterprise financial accounting information. Without a standardized financial management system, it is impossible to meet the requirements of stakeholders for enterprise financial accounting information, which will only lead to the failure of enterprises to survive and develop in a standardized market policy environment. Therefore, the financial management function and financial accounting information of private enterprises must be in line with international standards.

Second, the role of accounting management analysis

1, which is conducive to improving the enterprise management system.

The construction of modern enterprise management system can be promoted by establishing and perfecting various financial management systems, and accounting management is an important part of enterprise management. If the examination and approval and auditing systems are established, and the financial openness and democratic management systems are established, the operation of enterprises can be more standardized and institutionalized, enterprises can accept top-down financial supervision, and violations of laws and regulations can be effectively eliminated.

2. Conducive to the maximization of investment income.

Starting from the feasibility, rationality and economy of the project, enterprises can use accounting to compare different investment schemes, and choose the best investment scheme according to the overall development of enterprises, such as comparing the expected investment results with the total investment, and dynamically analyzing and calculating a series of indicators by using the net present value method to find out whether the return on investment meets the expected investment objectives, so as to maximize the return on investment.

3. It is beneficial to improve the quality of accounting information.

Management is the accounting work mode of modern enterprise accounting management. In this working mode, not only the quality of accounting information can be improved, but also the economic business of enterprises in the past period can be provided to accounting information users. It changes the traditional accounting work mode, makes accounting information dynamic and effective, realizes the integration of accounting management and enterprise production management, and provides a reliable basis for enterprise managers to make correct business decisions.

Three, the main characteristics of financial management objectives

1 operability

The premise of the implementation of financial management by objectives is financial management objectives. The financial management objectives of enterprises can play the role of mobilizing organizations, thus decomposing the formulated economic indicators, realizing employees' self-control and scientifically and reasonably evaluating employees' performance. Only in this way can the financial management objectives of enterprises have certain operability, including controllability, traceability and measurability.

2. Relative stability

With the change of enterprise management mode, the change of macroeconomic system and the deepening and development of people's understanding, the financial management objectives of enterprises have gradually changed. However, the management mode and macro-economic system of enterprises are gradual, and only after a certain period of real development can qualitative change occur. After people's knowledge rises to a certain height, it is also inseparable from a process that is generally accepted and reaches * * * knowledge. Therefore, as a summary of objective laws, financial management objectives are relatively stable.

3. Hierarchy

The important basis for the normal operation of enterprise financial management system is the financial management goal, which is also a system. Various financial management objectives form a network, which can fully reflect the internal relations among many objectives. The reason why financial management is hierarchical depends largely on the diversity of financial management methods and contents and the hierarchical relationship between them.

Fourth, the difference between management accounting and financial management

1, from the concept of both.

Management accounting, also known as internal accounting, is an important part of enterprise management information system. Through the determination and calculation of cost, planning and analysis of decision-making, preparation of plan and budget, implementation of budget and evaluation of implementation process and results, the management efficiency can be controlled and improved. Conceptually, both of them are components of enterprise management, but management accounting serves enterprises on the basis of decision-making, planning, budgeting and execution control; Financial management is an economic management work to organize enterprise financial activities and deal with financial relations. Financial activities include fund-raising activities, investment activities, business activities and profit distribution activities. Financial relations include those between enterprises and owners, between enterprises and creditors, between enterprises and invested units, between enterprises and debtors, between enterprises and employees, and between enterprises and tax authorities. Therefore, financial management is more comprehensive and extensive.

2. From the research object of both.

Both management accounting and financial management study capital, but they are different aspects of capital movement. Management accounting provides corresponding information for the organization of financial activities and the handling of financial relations. For example, in the investment and financial management activities, the senior financial manager of the enterprise determines the long-term development goals of the enterprise according to the internal and external financial environment of the enterprise, and puts forward the investment strategy accordingly. Around the investment strategy, management accounting should collect information extensively, make prediction and decision analysis, and provide decision-making basis for senior financial managers. After the investment plan is determined, the senior financial manager should formulate the financing strategy according to the decision-making plan and put forward various possible financing plans. The financial manager is responsible for arranging the implementation, coordination and control of the budget. The content of financial management should involve the formulation of financial system, the establishment of financial institutions, the arrangement of financial personnel, the adaptation of external financial environment, the coordination of internal financial environment, the collection, use and distribution of funds, and the implementation of financial methods such as financial forecasting, decision-making and financial control should be organized in detail.

3. From two ways.

Management accounting usually carries out technical treatment on the basis of financial accounting, absorbs and draws lessons from some theories and methods of modern mathematics in management and microeconomics, and its characteristics are mainly analytical, with great flexibility and diversity. Management accounting is usually studied in the form of difference analysis. The research methods of financial management include induction, deduction, analysis and synthesis, qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis. When making financial decisions, we can use mathematical models of statistics and optimization theory, such as portfolio theory and option valuation model. Financial management is increasingly introducing mathematical methods for quantitative analysis. Modern financial management is a science guided by system theory, cybernetics and information theory, and based on summing up financial work experience, comprehensively applying the theories and methods of political economy, mathematics, accounting, finance and monetary finance, and taking electronic computers as tools to study the basic laws and methods of financial management activities under modern conditions.

4. From the point of view of their customers.

The basic goal of management accounting is to serve the internal management of enterprises, aiming at improving economic benefits and obtaining as many profits as possible. The overall goal of financial management is consistent with the overall goal of the enterprise, while the theoretical circle has different views on the goal of the enterprise, such as maximizing profits, maximizing shareholders' wealth or maximizing the interests of stakeholders. But no matter what the goal is, it can be defined as the service object of financial management, not only the managers inside the enterprise, but also the external users of the enterprise, such as shareholders, creditors, regulatory agencies and so on.

5. From the new development of the two.

The history of management accounting is very short, sprouting in the early 20th century. However, with the development of social economy and science and technology, great changes have taken place in the environment where enterprises are located, the speed of product renewal has accelerated, and the development and wide application of information technology have made many new developments in activity-based costing, target cost calculation, production system implementation, quality cost and quality management since the 1980s, and have developed into an independent discipline. With the development of society, some new requirements have been put forward for financial management. For example, more and more enterprises put forward the concept of "people-oriented", then financial management and human resource management will be inseparable, and social responsibility will also be the content to be considered in modern financial management concepts.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) conclusion

There are many differences between management accounting and financial management. With the development of society, they will gradually develop into independent disciplines with the direction of this discipline.

On the difference between management accounting and financial management. Management accounting is the information system of enterprise management, and it is also closely related to financial management. In China's higher education, these two courses are the main courses of accounting major, and they are offered separately. Therefore, it is a theory worth discussing to clarify the relationship between management accounting and financial management. Serving enterprise management is the same basic function as management accounting and financial management. Both of them are based on the actual situation of enterprise management, look at the future development of enterprises, and take measures to plan.

First, the similarities between financial management and management accounting

According to the regulations of the Ministry of Finance, financial management is "a part of enterprise management, and it is a" management work "about the acquisition and effective use of funds. This note emphasizes that financial management is about how to obtain funds and how to use them effectively.

From the comparison of definitions, we can see that financial management and management accounting have the same management attributes, and their basic functions are to serve enterprise management and meet the needs of enterprise development. In addition to this basic nature, financial management and management accounting have some similarities: from the perspective of management theory, method system and management procedures, they are all carried out in the order of planning, decision-making, implementation and control of sub-bureaus; The two sources of information analysis are the financial accounting data of enterprises, and on this basis, planning, decision-making and control are carried out; Both of them have no legal effect on the management of text carriers such as report texts and data; Both of them are based on reality, take active measures for future planning and focus on the future development of enterprises.

Second, the specific comparison of management accounting and financial management

There are many overlaps between management accounting and financial management. Moreover, management accounting and financial management are consistent in short-term business decision-making, inventory control and long-term decision-making, capital operation and so on. However, although management accounting and financial management overlap in many aspects, their roles and positions are different and irreplaceable. Financial management is mainly about managing funds, focusing on how to obtain funds at a lower cost and how to use them effectively. It is an important key to connect the inside and outside of the enterprise, and it is inextricably linked with the operation of the financial market. In other words, prudent financial management is a management activity that pays close attention to the current situation and dynamic trend of the financial market, considers the actual situation of the enterprise itself, opens up a relaxed capital operation space for itself, and realizes the goal of maximizing enterprise value or shareholder value. Management accounting is an information system about enterprise management and operation. It not only considers how funds can operate effectively, but also considers how materialized resources can be allocated with the best efficiency in operation and management. On the other hand, the object of management is people, and it realizes indirect management of people through responsibility accounting, performance evaluation and control accounting; In addition, management accounting and financial management have different perspectives. Financial management is to manage accounting information from the perspective of decision makers, while management accounting provides information to decision makers from the perspective of accounting. This can be proved by the division of responsibilities between enterprise financial managers and management accountants.

Third, thinking about the present situation of management accounting and financial management.

Management accounting is known as a discipline that can strengthen the internal management of enterprises and improve the economic benefits of enterprises. Some western experts and scholars believe that management accounting is still not perfect, which is also because there is still no complete theory and method system that can be explained, guided and applied to practice, and the boundaries between management accounting, cost accounting and financial management are still unclear. In recent years, management accounting theory has only been applied unilaterally and loosely in some fields and enterprises in China, and there is a serious lack of necessary connection between them. There are still some difficulties in forming a real application system of management accounting, and the problems faced by enterprises in improving management have not been really solved. It is still a long way to achieve the goal of improving enterprise management and improving economic benefits, and the situation in practice is also very unsatisfactory. However, enterprises also lack the awareness of applying management accounting. It can be seen from these situations that management accounting has not attracted enough attention in China. On the other hand, the quality of financial management directly affects the competitiveness between enterprises and the potential of enterprise development. With the constant change of economic situation, the increasingly fierce market competition, the standardization of operation and monitoring, and the adverse consequences caused by the neglect of accounting work by small and medium-sized enterprises, it is particularly necessary to strengthen the financial management system of small and medium-sized enterprises.

Fourth, summary.

At present, most financial management textbooks focus on forecasting analysis, decision-making control analysis and ignore the entity management of financial activities. On the one hand, it is full of a large number of mathematical models introduced from western financial management, which are often based on some assumptions and difficult to apply in practice; On the other hand, financial organization, financial implementation, financial control and coordination are not involved much, and the theory and practice of financial management are seriously out of touch. In other words, most financial management textbooks should study management accounting. In order to avoid duplication, financial management should focus on the specific implementation contents of financial system, financial organization setting, financial forecasting, decision-making, control and coordination, as well as the methods and processes of fund-raising, investment, income distribution and performance evaluation of various departments. Only in this way can we straighten out the relationship between financial management and management accounting and avoid their duplication.

For the economy, the first thing to do is to combine management systems and methods, so as to be scientific, rigorous, advanced and flexible, and constantly improve management level through innovation in all aspects of management. Managers must participate in practice, constantly learn and summarize, adhere to the concept of scientific management and enlighten people with wisdom, and give full play to their abilities, wisdom and spirit to achieve the ultimate goal of idealization. As an employee, we should also hold a broad and open-minded heart, do our job well in economic projects, and work with a positive and good attitude to realize our life value.

Analysis on the difference between management accounting and financial management Chapter III Financial management plays an important role in the development of enterprises. Because it is an important center to obtain economic benefits, more and more managers begin to attach importance to financial management, especially management accounting closely related to it. In order to make it easier for enterprises to distinguish the relationship between them and make full use of their respective advantages, the author makes a detailed analysis of their differences, which provides theoretical guidance for improving the financial management level of enterprises and making optimal decisions in time and effectively. The following will be the following.

I. Concept

management accounting

Different researchers have different definitions of the concept, and each has its own views. At present, the accepted concept is "to serve the current and future capital operation of enterprises, to improve the economic benefits of enterprises as the ultimate goal, to provide scientific basis for the management of related enterprises, and finally to promote the financial activities and management activities of enterprises to obtain better benefits". The ultimate goal of management accounting is "management", which is to further manage the financial management of enterprises and make the financial operation of enterprises safer, more scientific, more reasonable and more efficient.

financial management

Financial management, as its name implies, is the management of finance, including all financial matters within the enterprise, with the focus on finance. As a part of enterprise management, financial management is more about the budget and control of costs, accounting and settlement, and the control of funds to ensure that the capital chain of enterprises is not broken, so that enterprises can obtain economic benefits. In addition, financial management has a certain control over the overall operation of the enterprise, integrating investment, financing and working capital, and striving to achieve the optimization and scientific layout of financial structure.

Second, the basic assumptions and principles

(A) the assumptions and principles of management accounting

Assumption 1: accounting entity and going concern assumption. Management accounting assumes that accounting is an entity and continuous operation. "Entity" means that the object of management accounting is definite, with a fixed scope and workplace, especially the hierarchy of management accounting. "Continuous operation" means that the subject of management accounting is in a state of continuous operation, that is to say, all funds and activities of the enterprise are in normal operation, which in turn drives the normal work of management accounting. These two hypotheses closely link management accounting with the daily activities of enterprises and influence each other, which highlights the important role of management accounting.

Hypothesis 2: Accounting Staging and Unit of Measure Hypothesis. As far as the literal meaning of staging and measurement unit is concerned, we can understand that accounting staging requires management accountants to limit the time of various capital activities operated by enterprises within a certain time range to ensure timely access to the latest information and facilitate enterprise decision-making. The measurement unit reminds us not to be too rigid, but to learn to be flexible. When designing and evaluating various fund activities, we can not only use monetary units of measurement, but also use units of measurement such as time and unit quantity.

Hypothesis 3: Cost behavior can be divided into assumptions. This assumption is the cost classification assumption, which emphasizes that cost classification should be based on the business nature of the enterprise and can be divided into direct cost and indirect cost, fixed asset cost and variable cost. Therefore, the types of cost division are dynamic, but in general, there are concrete methods to distinguish costs, try to divide them objectively and reduce subjectivity.

Hypothesis 4: the hypothesis of maximizing profit target. Profit maximization is what every entrepreneur pursues. They often think that the quality of a scheme mainly depends on the profit target of the enterprise after the scheme is implemented, and enterprises often adopt these schemes in the hope that the profit target in the scheme can be realized. But in practice, we will find that the profit goal is only a goal, and its realization will be affected by many factors. It is worth noting that enterprise managers should not take the profit target plan so beautifully, its feasibility and self-subjective will will will limit its development.

Principles: Some scholars have pointed out that the principles of management accounting should match or even be equivalent to those of management accounting information quality, such as following the principles of reliability, objectivity, operability and cost-effectiveness. Practice is the criterion for testing truth. Some scholars have pointed out that the principles of management accounting should include the principle of paying attention to cost-effectiveness, the principle of relevance, the principle of information reliability and the principle of timeliness of information acquisition.

(B) Assumptions and principles of financial management accounting

Hypothesis 1: efficient market hypothesis. This assumption holds that in the investment market, the investment information and risks that investors get should be consistent with the amount of income, neither too much nor too little. Such a market is an effective market. For example, when we are trading stocks, the price of the stock we choose is highly correlated with the stock information we get, then this stock market belongs to an effective market, and vice versa.

Hypothesis 2: financial entity hypothesis. This hypothesis points out that in order to ensure the clarity and accuracy of enterprise financial management, enterprises need to set up specific financial entities and separate them from other entities such as shareholders, otherwise our enterprise financial management will be in a state of chaos and it will be impossible to identify profits and losses. Specifically, enterprises should manage all parts of finance separately and clearly define the scope of work, responsibilities and rights of employees.

Hypothesis 3: Assumption of continuous financial management and financial management by stages. Similar to the assumption of accounting entity and going concern, the assumption of continuing financial management and the assumption of financial staging also limit the time and scope of financial management, but it is pointed out that the duration of financial management depends on the completion of the activity objectives and generally lasts until the end of the activity plan.

Principle: Some scholars have put forward different financial management principles according to different assumptions, which are embodied in the following aspects: The effectiveness of the market requires us to follow the principles of both parties' transactions and information transmission. The assumption of financial subject requires us to form the principle of balance of risk, cost and income. The hypothesis of sustainable financial management and financial staging urges us to form the principles of financial staging and sustainable financial management. But in practice, the most commonly used principles of enterprises are the balance between cost and income, the time value of money and reasonable financial management.

Three. Similarities and differences between management accounting and financial management

(A) * * * has characteristics

Although the emphases of financial management and management accounting are different in concept, there are still many similarities in summary, specifically: First, both of them are committed to serving enterprises and improving their financial management level. Second, management accounting and financial management are both evaluating and correcting the bad work done in the past, and constantly correcting their own mistakes and deficiencies over time to ensure future development. The same purpose is to maximize the economic benefits of enterprises. Third, the accounting object of management accounting and financial management is the economic activities of enterprises, which can not only calculate the overall financial information of enterprises, but also only aim at a specific activity, so as to grasp the flow of funds and avoid financial risks. Fourth, the accounting methods of financial information are relatively uniform, and most of them use books and other materials for statistical analysis to help management make financial decisions. The methods are flexible and there will be no excessive requirements, as long as the results are similar.

(B) the difference between the two

First of all, management accounting and financial management are aimed at different actors, that is, management accounting is aimed at the enterprise itself serving the enterprise itself, while financial management is aimed at the enterprise, individual employees and financing market. Secondly, management accounting and financial management have different functions. Management accounting is the further management of financial management, mainly for the future planning, forecasting, evaluation and control, while financial management is mainly for the budget and control of costs, accounting and settlement, as well as the control of funds, making full use of funds to ensure that the capital chain of enterprises is not broken, so that enterprises can obtain economic benefits. Finally, because management accounting and financial management are aimed at different actors, they are different in analyzing financial information.

Fourthly, the differences between them in investment decision-making.

First, the working hours of management accounting and financial management are different. Management accounting will make full preparations before project investment and collect enough information to ensure the correctness of decision-making, while financial management will begin to collect information extensively after investment decision-making, manage investment and maintain the correctness of decision-making. Second, management accounting and financial management handle advanced processes in different ways. Financial management will comprehensively consider the cash flow of the original and upcoming projects of the enterprise, and stipulate that when the total cash flow is greater than the original cash flow, it can be determined that investment can be made. Management accounting only pays attention to the cash flow of the invested project, as long as it is positive, it can be invested. Thirdly, in the choice of discount rate, financial management usually takes the original cost of the enterprise as the discount rate of recent projects, but management accounting will not consider the cost value of the enterprise itself, and all will take the benchmark interest rate stipulated by existing projects and industries as the discount rate.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) conclusion

At present, financial management plays an important role in the development of enterprises. By comparing the differences between financial management and management accounting in functions, ideas and decision-making, the author hopes that through this comparison, managers can clearly understand the differences between them, make full use of each other's advantages, deepen their integration, and then help enterprises obtain higher economic benefits and maintain their competitive advantages.

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