Argument: To explain whether heroes create the current situation or the current situation creates heroes, we must first understand two concepts, namely, heroes and the current situation. What is a hero? In Modern Chinese Dictionary, the explanation is 1, a person with superior martial arts; 2. People who have made great contributions to society; 3 groups that have made great contributions to society. The heroes we are going to discuss today refer to the latter two. The current situation refers to the development direction and trend of the times. From the explanation, it can be clear that the era of hero creation refers to the emergence of heroes mainly to make contributions and create a social form or historical change that conforms to the development of the times. To create a hero in the times is to give birth to a hero who can change the environment at that time through adversity or various factors at that time. Then create a new situation through heroes. Both of them are moving towards the same goal, so you can make the final choice as long as you judge which one is most likely to help achieve the goal. We can also know from the explanation that the hero created the current situation, and the current situation only created conditions for the birth of the hero. After a turn, the emergence of the hero finally created the current situation. So we come to a conclusion that heroes are internal causes and the current situation is external causes. Marxist philosophy tells us that the internal cause, the hero, is the basis of change, and the external cause of the current situation changes through the internal cause. The hero who creates the current situation is a foil and an aid, and the hero who creates the current situation plays a decisive role. It goes without saying which is more important. Engels profoundly expounded the dialectical relationship between the inevitability and contingency of the emergence of outstanding figures. Although the emergence of heroes is accidental, it is inevitable that the emergence of such heroes will change the situation. Finally, it is emphasized that "creating a hero's momentum" is the ultimate goal of "creating a hero by potential". On the other hand, although it is possible for others to complete a historical mission instead of a hero, not every hero can be replaced by others! Please pay attention to the difference between "substitute" and "replaced". Einstein founded the theory of relativity, which was understood by only a few people in the world. Wu Zetian became the first and only female emperor in history, and no one can replace her so far. There are many examples to illustrate the irreplaceability of heroes, which we will list one by one in the following sentences. According to the above analysis, we draw the conclusion that the situation created by the hero is more worthwhile than the situation created because of its irreplaceable historical mission.

The second argument: (explain the relationship between internal and external factors, the importance of primary and secondary factors, clarify the irreplaceability of heroes, and highlight the "era of hero creation" as the ultimate goal of "keeping pace with the times to create heroes". It is not the times that make heroes, but the reason why heroes become heroes is because every hero has his unique personality and the temperament to be a hero. They surpassed the will of ordinary people, correctly grasped the overall situation, and took advantage of the situation to board the stage of history. They have done things that ordinary people can't do, changed the social status quo that ordinary people can't change, and changed history. Heroes are uneasy about the status quo. They have long-term insight, rational brains and clear consciousness. Unlike those so-called heroes, real heroes are not completely affected by the situation. They will not only recognize the situation and seize the opportunity, but also guide and transform it. When they find that the situation is unfavorable, they will not sit still and worry about the city, but try their best to get out of trouble. When they find that their career has gone astray, they will take decisive action to set things right and put their career on the right track. When the Red Army failed in its fifth counter-campaign against "encirclement and suppression" and was surrounded by hundreds of thousands of Chiang Kai-shek soldiers, Mao Zedong stepped forward decisively and took over the command of the Red Army again. When the Red Army crossed Chishui for four times, it adopted the tactics of moving from east to west and vacillating to confuse the enemy, thus gaining the initiative. Finally, the Red Army got rid of the siege, completed the Long March and established the northwest base area. It is precisely because of Mao Zedong's outstanding art of war command that he was unanimously praised by the Red Army generals (all heroes who can be used to fighting) that he was elected as the leader of the Red Army at the Zunyi Conference and became a hero among heroes. It is with the leadership of the great hero Mao Zedong that the Red Army can be invincible after 1936. This is the irreplaceability of heroes. Our argument has been explained in our argument: groups that have made great contributions to society are also heroes. It is not individual heroes who make history, but the people. Heroes just follow the historical trend and take the lead! ! A dead individual hero may not be able to accomplish his mission, but there are still thousands of unsung heroes in Qian Qian who continue to struggle to accomplish this mission. In the end, it is still "the hero creates the situation"!

Three arguments: (point out the mistakes of the other party's views with sharp examples, focus on criticizing the wrong views of the other party, and prove with examples that "heroic momentum" is the ultimate goal) First of all, it should be pointed out that without XXX, there may be a person who will complete the historical mission instead of him. Before this, our argument has clarified this point, but the debater of the other side once again proved to us that the purpose of creating a situation is to replace another role. In other words, "the hero creates the current situation" is the ultimate goal of "the current situation creates a hero". I am very grateful for this. We reiterate that the present situation only creates conditions for the birth of heroes, but not necessarily creates heroes. Take a well-known story of Song Wu killing a tiger as an example. If you think that the times can make heroes, then the tigers on Jingyanggang can make Song Wu. Can tigers create Song Wu? Obviously not. Imagine that if people only adapt to nature and the present situation, then we must still live in a primitive society that eats and drinks blood, and we cannot complete our own evolution. Just kidding, the eight debaters who may agree and disagree are still eight monkeys riding on a tree. If there is no Emperor Taizong, how can there be a famous rule of Zhenguan in history? Without the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi, how can the Indian people rise up against British imperialism? How can there be a famous non-violent non-cooperative movement? It is one-sided to think that a hero dies when he leaves the situation. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, when he first arrived in Yue, Gou Jian didn't pay much attention to him. When Fu Cha defeated Gou Jian, Fan stood up. Maybe everyone will say that times make heroes. The changes of the times really helped Fan a lot, but soon, after helping Gou Jian destroy Wu, Fan went home to live in seclusion, but he also became a national minister in Qi by his own ability, and later became a national minister. Real heroes, they are not only good at grasping the current situation, but also create the current situation themselves and make some great achievements. Therefore, the final choice is "heroes make the situation"! It is easy to teach people to think of heroes at a critical moment, so it is not just Liu Bang's feelings that think of brave people because of the strong wind, it exists in any era. Our nation is in today's crisis, and we are more eager for heroes than ever before. However, the meaning of the word "hero" has not been clearly explained since it came out, so the theme of this paper-is the hero made by the times? Or is the situation created by heroes? The true meaning of the word "hero" needs specific analysis. Although we don't regard a person who can snatch jewels from thieves for a girl on the side of the road as a hero, even people who can't do such a small thing are sometimes worshipped. Here, we want to draw the meaning of a hero. In ancient times, there was no hero who was unmoved by the world after his death and regarded it as sacred. According to the provisions of the Book of Rites, there are only five kinds of people who are eligible to be worshipped. First, the law is used by the people; second, the government is diligent by death; third, the country is determined by work; fourth, it is resistant to major disasters; and fifth, it is to prevent major disasters. Applying the law to the people is a way for the people to develop their lives according to the methods he gave them. For example, Hou Ji can plow hundreds of valleys, and the land behind him can level Kyushu, and later generations worship him as a saint. The so-called saint is actually an alias for a hero. ) Diligent death means being able to stick to one's duty and not let go, just like Shun died in the wild of Cangwu and Gun died in the flood, and he is also a saint admired by later generations. Defining the country by labor can restore the national security state by labor when the country is in danger, just like the achievements of Huangdi and Yutang. Preventing catastrophes, preventing catastrophes, is to be able to resist natural and man-made disasters in a safe way. These are the standards for our ancestors to worship heroes. Generally speaking, efforts are negative. Efforts are made to determine the country, to defend against major disasters, and perhaps to give play to one's intelligence. They are between negative and positive. Only the person who applies the law to the people is a true saint, and he must have superhuman wisdom. The real hero must be the creator of the times. The success or failure of the times is not hindered by his heroic nature, and the success or failure of things is not accurate enough for heroes. It is generally incorrect to think that every winner is a hero. Success is still due to good opportunities. There is no big fish in the river, and shrimp is king. In an era when there are no outstanding talents, you can do great things with small skills. This is also a hero created by the times. Everything else is accidental success, and the author himself never dreamed that he would have such an achievement. He has no clear understanding and uncertainty about his career. He even wanted to be conservative, but in the end he turned into a revolution because he was willing to follow the crowd. This is also a hero created by the times. Others use or extract other people's intelligence or physical strength to create their own power and status. His success and reverence are completely in front of the shady scenes of deception and exploitation. Sometimes if he can't do it, he needs his family and relatives to help him. When he took over the power of the country, he hired private people and trained his minions. Sadly, the chaotic masses will not cut him, not to say that he really has heroic skills. This is also a hero created by the times.

Wait! Storyteller, didn't you just say "heroes move with the times"? Why do you say "heroes don't wait" now?

Look at the official and listen to the breakdown. He who bides his time may be a hero, but he is not a great hero. The heroes made by the times are not really great heroes. The man who can create the current situation is a great hero. Therefore, the phrase "the times make heroes" is flawed, and a more reasonable statement should be: "heroes make the times." Facing the unfavorable situation, the great hero does not wait passively, complain about others, sigh "no confidant", or act blindly, but tries to transform the situation and create a favorable situation for himself. To give a simple example, there is an ancient art of war in the military called "hiding people's eyes and ears and revealing them." This is an example of creating motivation. When the enemy's deployment is tight and impeccable, you can hide your own strength, lure the enemy to readjust their deployment by means of false redeployment, let you see the enemy's emptiness and create a fighter plane that is beneficial to you.

The task of great heroes is to defend their country, so their battle cannot be described by an art of war. Its content is richer and wider, including politics, military affairs, economy and culture. It is extremely difficult and requires clear goals, complete and thorough plans and superb organizational and command skills. It takes a long time, because the advantages should be accumulated bit by bit. Without quick success, it is impossible to do it overnight. Because we must overcome the strong with the weak, we must be flexible. Give in when you give in, and retreat when you retreat, just like taking the initiative in chess.

In Mao Zedong's Selected Works, there is a modern mode in which heroes create situations. Mao Zedong adopted slogans and strategies such as mobilizing the masses, beating local tyrants, dividing fields, encircling cities from rural areas, united front, giving preferential treatment to prisoners, three disciplines and eight attentions, and establishing and consolidating base areas. These are all aimed at winning the hearts of the people, accumulating strength, and finally attacking Chiang Kai-shek at an appropriate time. Chiang Kai-shek is also a hero, but only belongs to Shixiong and Shixiong. Compared with such a great hero as Mao Zedong, we can only admit defeat.

Unlike those so-called heroes, real heroes are not completely affected by the situation. They will not only recognize the situation and seize the opportunity, but also guide and transform the situation. When they find that the situation is unfavorable, they will not sit still and worry about the city, but try their best to get out of trouble. When they find that their career has gone astray, they will take decisive action to set things right and put their career on the right track. When the Red Army failed in its fifth counter-campaign against "encirclement and suppression" and was surrounded by hundreds of thousands of Chiang Kai-shek soldiers, Mao Zedong stepped forward decisively and took over the command of the Red Army again. The Red Army crossed Chishui several times and adopted the tactics of shifting eastward and westward to confuse the enemy, thus gaining the initiative. Finally, the Red Army got rid of the siege, completed the Long March and established the northwest base area. It is precisely because of Mao Zedong's outstanding art of war command that he was unanimously praised by the Red Army generals (all heroes who can be used to fighting) that he was elected as the leader of the Red Army at the Zunyi Conference and became a hero among heroes. It is with the leadership of the great hero Mao Zedong that the Red Army can be invincible after 1936. Therefore, if the average hero is a trendsetter, then the real hero is the man behind the trendsetter. It is these great heroes who have created trends, fashions, opportunities and a group of heroes. As the saying goes, "the winner is king, and the loser is a thief." Great heroes have made their own careers, and those who have followed them and made great contributions to Hanma certainly have the opportunity to be crowned king and become heroes. Times make heroes, heroes make times?

On the Personal Role of American President

The American presidential election once every four years is not only a major event in the United States, but also attracts worldwide attention and becomes a hot topic of media tracking, analysis and speculation all over the world. Does it really matter who is the president of the United States? How big is the role of the president? Are some influential presidents in history "making heroes with the times" or "making heroes with the times"? Looking back at the history of 43 American presidents, it should be generally said that "the times make heroes." The American system determines that the individual's power and role are limited. Therefore, more than one president was assassinated or died suddenly in office, or was forced to resign and was hastily taken over by an inexperienced and unprepared vice president, which did not have a significant impact on the policy. President Wilson is very knowledgeable, thoughtful and has a world vision, but because the time is not ripe, the League of Nations can't get the support of most Americans. His successor, Harding, personally considered to be one of the worst presidents in American history, but he successfully hosted the Washington nine-nation conference, which was of great significance to the United States and international relations. As far as George W. Bush is concerned, times make heroes. Without 9. 1 1, the legitimacy of his first election would be controversial, and it is even more impossible to have enough support for re-election.

There are several landmark presidents in American history. According to Franklin? Roosevelt (Roosevelt Jr.) said: "Washington's task is to create and cast a country;" Lincoln is to maintain this country and prevent it from splitting from the inside "; His own task is to "save the country and its system from disintegration due to external factors". As far as objective historical facts are concerned, it is indeed as he said. But further analysis of the role of the individual, can really be called "the hero created the situation" is George? Washington. He is not only an extraordinary great figure in American history, but also in world history. Washington's personal thought and moral character really played a decisive role in the founding and development of the United States and had a far-reaching impact on later generations. As a political leader, (1) is unusually indifferent to power. This is from the heart. He asked to retire from the countryside because he really loves this kind of life, not a frustrated choice. This does not mean that he is "selfless" and has no selfish desires, but that his personal desires are satisfied from rural life, not from power. (2) Sincerity. It is common for political leaders to preach morality in public speeches and use morality to exaggerate their political views. But what Washington said in his inaugural speech: "Virtue and happiness, responsibility and interests, honest and generous policies and social prosperity and people's happiness are inseparable unity" is convincing and makes people feel his sincerity. Including his devout religious beliefs, are sincere and not used to please ordinary people. (3) Apart from personal things, the core is his political beliefs. Many American historians say that with his prestige at that time, he naturally had a cult of personality. However, he sincerely believed in democratic politics and regarded the constitution as supreme, thus avoiding the temptation of centralization (even relative). Of course he

President Lincoln is undoubtedly a key figure in American history. As Marx said, "Lincoln will be as famous as Washington in American history and human history!" " But he is more of a "hero made by the times". On this point, Marx has a wonderful comment:

"Lincoln is not the product of the people's revolution. It is universal suffrage, a common trick that didn't realize how great the task it should solve, that pushed him-a civilian who rose from a stonemason to an Illinois senator, a person who lacked the brilliance of wisdom, special personality strength and unimportant position, and a kind ordinary person-to the highest position. The new world has never won a greater victory than this, which proves that due to the political and social organization of the new world, kind ordinary people can also undertake the tasks that the old continent needs heroes to undertake! " Lincoln went down in history for liberating black slaves, but like several predecessors, his main concern was that the country would not split and would not make many compromises on slavery. It was the situation that pushed him into civil war, and then he published the famous The Emancipation Proclamation. So he said that the result of the war destroyed the root of the war-slavery, which was an act of god. After the war, his prestige was extremely high. However, he was re-elected for less than a year, the situation was unstable, and he was suddenly assassinated. The accident that shocked the whole country did not stop the country from rebuilding along the established road. On the other hand, it also shows that the times are stronger than individuals. At the same time, it shows that the American system is the rule of law, not the rule of man.

Engels said: "It happened that a great man appeared in a certain country at some time, which is of course purely accidental. Contrary to the view that the times create heroes, historical idealism insists on the view that heroes create times. This view denies that the people are the creators of history, exaggerates the role of outstanding figures unilaterally, denies that outstanding figures are the products of a certain historical era, dresses heroes as natural wizards and regards them as people who transcend history, times and classes. 1940 The "situation" in which Britain was in danger was not Churchill's fault, but Hitler's bloody devil. However, Churchill's determination to cross the rubicon, his lofty spirit of "rather die than surrender", his heartfelt touching oath, and his gesture of erecting the V-shaped index finger and middle finger (indicating victory) really mobilized more than 40 million British people and reversed Gan Kun. There is Ruth, then Protestantism; There is Columbus, then there is Xinzhou; There is Washington, and then there is American independence; There was Bismarck, and then the German Federation. Everyone made their own choices at that moment, and group decision-making is the sum of many individual decisions, which has become a part of human history and some factors that the next generation must consider when making decisions. After all, half of human beings are their own masters, and the sovereignty of the other half belongs to their ancestors in the past, or their past selves. He sowed for himself and harvested for himself; He has a certain decision when sowing and a certain decision when harvesting. In our view, this is a more appropriate answer to the eternal debate about freedom and decision in history. Heroism is not equal to individualism. Ancient thinkers in China have made this issue clear. No matter how high a hero's personal skill is, it is still inseparable from the support of the people and the efforts of his subordinates. As the saying goes, a hero needs three gangs, and safflower needs the help of green leaves. Without support, no matter how great a man is, he will become a tiger falling in Pingyang, a dragon stranded in the beach, bullied by dogs and played by shrimp. Therefore, no matter how great a hero is, he must unite his subordinates and gather strength. One can't succeed without talent. To be a hero, we must discover talents, gather talents, make good use of talents and be kind to talents. In order to build a hard-working team, heroes should also be able to manage talents. Talented people are bound to be arrogant and difficult to control. Only a real hero can defeat the dragon and tiger, and talents also need real heroes to lead. Heroism, collective spirit and team spirit complement each other. I once had a view that without Mao Zedong, someone would have come out to save China from danger, but now I don't think so, because although history has its objective inevitability of development, it may only be reflected in a very long historical period and a very big world. Among them, for an individual like a country or a nation, history is bound to have great contingency, and the occurrence of this contingency is directly related to the role of historical figures. It is hard to imagine that China's semi-colonial and semi-feudal weakness at that time could wait until the next Mao Zedong appeared and not perish. Sun Yat-sen, several major political forces of his time, failed, not to mention who Chiang Kai-shek was. Who else in the * * * production party can get out of control? Therefore, history chose Mao Zedong, and Mao Zedong also made history. These things cannot be assumed as easily as we do. National subjugation is on the front line, and time waits for no one. Deng Xiaoping once said, "Without Mao Zedong, we might have to grope in the dark for a long time. "How long is this period of time? God knows, maybe things can't wait for you to explore. This shows that times make heroes and heroes make times. It is many heroes who have created a "troubled times" and created a current situation, and always need a leader. Therefore, the current situation has chosen a spokesman among many heroes, making him the trend leader of this era. People's efforts are, of course, heroes who create troubled times. Since mankind broke away from primitive society, there have been two classes, the ruling class and the ruled class, not only in ancient China, but also in other countries. Ruling and being ruled, as a social law for thousands of years, has become the world environment. China's heroes are the most representative. They started the troubled times in order to change their dominant position. The most representative should be Liu Bang and Zhu Yuanzhang, who came from the lower class and made a fortune in the rebellion and uprising. Typical heroes create troubled times. When they ascended the throne, they also started the strategy of governing the country by recuperation, and the world was at peace. This is exactly what makes a hero in troubled times. We just showed XXXX from both macro and micro perspectives. But these two points are actually unified, because ... Today, most heroes in the minds of ordinary people do not belong to the second category, but belong to a very narrow category of the first category, that is, only those soldiers who risk their lives to protect the people are called heroes. This kind of hero may not create the times, or even be created by the times. Because this kind of hero can't display his skill unless there is a situation in front of him first, and the weight of the situation is heavier than the hero himself. On the other hand, a positive hero will not be created until there are obstacles in human life. People can't see the pain, he saw it first, and he imagined it before people encountered difficulties. He created a new life for people when they were content with the ready-made life, and made them develop upward. Perhaps the heroes created by the times can achieve this goal, but the possibility is very small. The real hero must be the creator of the times. The success or failure of the times is not hindered by his heroic nature, and the success or failure of things is not accurate enough for heroes. It is generally incorrect to think that every winner is a hero. Success is still because of good opportunities. " There are no big fish in the river, and shrimp is king. " In an era when there are no outstanding talents, you can do great things with small skills. This is also a hero created by the times. Others use or extract other people's intelligence or physical strength to create their own power and status. His success and reverence are completely in front of the shady scenes of deception and exploitation. Sometimes if he can't do it, he needs his family and relatives to help him. When he took over the power of the country, he hired private people and trained his minions. Sadly, the chaotic masses will not cut him, not to say that he really has heroic skills. This is also a hero created by the times.

First of all, what is a hero? Heroes are also outstanding figures. We believe that the heroes we are going to discuss today are outstanding people who have influenced the historical development process. Qin Shihuang is a hero because he unified China; Lenin is a hero because he led the October Revolution and established the first government of workers and peasants. Watt is also a hero because he improved the steam engine, which directly led to the outbreak of the first industrial revolution. Throughout ancient and modern times, we find that heroes who have influenced the development of history like this abound and are too numerous to mention. Almost every historical progress, every historical situation creation, there are heroes' indelible contributions. It is because of their wisdom and historical vision that they can stand out from many lives. They often have the ability to recognize reality, find problems, solve problems and deal with problems. Therefore, heroes use the current situation to transform the current situation by exerting their subjective initiative, thus promoting the development of history. Deng Xiaoping, known as "the chief architect of China's socialist reform, opening up and modernization", is the best example. Fully aware of the situation in China at that time, he put forward the great idea that "a black cat and a white cat is a good cat that can catch mice", said what others dared not say and did what others could not do. His reform and opening-up policy has pointed out a correct development path for China. Therefore, without Deng Xiaoping, there would be no economic prosperity today; Without Deng Xiaoping, there would be no prosperity of our motherland today. Therefore, we firmly believe that between heroes and the current situation, it is heroes who create the current situation, and it is by no means the current situation that creates heroes.