The purpose of science is to make people's understanding finally consistent with the material world, that is, to achieve the purpose of understanding the truth. Not all exploration of the material world can be called science, because science needs scientific methods. Scientific method refers to the way of thinking centered on practical knowledge. In science, we must regard objective knowledge as practical knowledge and not be too subjective. Now science is divided into many fields, and each field has many branches. Before that, science was not very professional. In the past, people used to study the material world, often involving many fields at the same time, and they might all make achievements. They are called naturalists and so on.
The development of science is actually the accumulation of people's knowledge and way of thinking. In other words, science is a process of gradual accumulation. Even though the creativity of some geniuses (such as Newton and Einstein) is amazing, both themselves and future generations must admit that a large part of this is due to the historical conditions at that time. If we put their creations into their time, we will find that their discoveries and creations are indeed ahead of that time, but their ideological sources can be traced back to that time. The development of science has never been the promotion of the understanding of a few people, but the promotion of the understanding of the whole human society. However, although quantitative change leads to qualitative change, this qualitative change may not happen without the thinking ability of a few people. Even if it can happen, it will be a long time later. Therefore, the development of science also depends on the contribution of a few elites.
Although science has a clear definition, its scope is still controversial. Some people think that science is the exploration of nature, and some unknown snooping on the spirit itself (such as religion itself) is not science; Some people think that science is very strict, and some theories that are not strict enough (for example, some people think that previous philosophy) cannot be counted as science; Some people think that science is an exploration of the world, and its purpose is to discover the truth of the world, so all explorations that can bring us closer to the truth of the world should be counted as science. In fact, these arguments come from different understandings of scientific definitions. In my opinion, science in a narrow sense refers to the exploration of the material world with strict scientific methods under the guidance of some philosophical thinking; Broadly speaking, it is the reprocessing of the understanding of the objective world, with the purpose of making one's own understanding as consistent as possible with the material world itself (here, understanding refers to understanding under various conditions and universality).
In the whole process of human cognition, science can accommodate hypotheses, but it cannot accommodate hypotheses that are contrary to reality, because its goal is to make cognition consistent with the real world. In this way, it has certain limitations. In pursuit of depth and accuracy,
Even if a person can involve several fields at the same time, he cannot make imaginative assumptions and interdisciplinary induction like philosophy. Of course, this is not to say that the scientific method is not good, but that there is specialization in the industry. There have been many attempts to bring philosophy closer to science in history, but the result has only improved other aspects (such as the classification of philosophy and the enrichment of philosophical methods). So far, I'm afraid philosophy can't be called strict science, especially the object of philosophy can't be confirmed. Science can study the material world itself, but it can't study the objects that come from the material world but are separated from it to some extent, such as the origin of the world.
Some people think that science can bring mankind to the ultimate truth, so that human understanding can generally reach the truth, and people can live the most fulfilling life. I think this is the destruction of human society. People should never regard the material world as their final destination. If people's understanding is completely equal to the material world as the ultimate ideal, it is actually a complete denial of people's spirit. It must be admitted that it is the human spirit that keeps people proud and enables people to face nature with a lofty attitude or an equal attitude. Spirit is the most precious thing for human beings, and human freedom is among them. Once people know and the material world, all knowledge reaches the material world itself, all things that are not in line with the truth are abandoned, and people's freedom is gone. Fortunately, this method is also impossible.
Although it is impossible for mankind to achieve the ultimate goal by science alone, the contribution of science to the development of human culture is obvious to all. Throughout the development of human culture, whether in the East or the West, its development is inseparable from scientific discovery. At the same time, the application of science provides a foundation for human material and spiritual enjoyment.
The above is my simple understanding of current science. Next, let me talk about the level of science.
When I say scientific level, I mean the level of human understanding involved in science. Science, what it affects, including the impression people form when they know, the inductive analysis of the impression, and the judgment of the analysis results. However, science is concerned with the final judgment. The first two items can only be regarded as icing on the cake. A series of ways of thinking brought about by the processing of impressions by science can be applied by science, and so can philosophy. My high school physics teacher once said that physics turned into philosophy in the end. My understanding of this sentence is that the thinking of physics can be used for reference by philosophy, and the achievements of physics can provide the foundation for philosophy. What are the achievements of physics? Or ask, what is the result of science? This is the final judgment. That is, the result of cognition, or knowledge.
Science, in the end, can only obtain knowledge consistent with the material world, but can't go further or further. In addition, this is a philosophical problem; Further, that's just a scattered understanding. Science aims at acquiring general knowledge, not individual knowledge.
However, science is of course based on individual cognition. Science also studies individual cognition, but science does not speculate what is behind individual cognition. That can only exist as a hypothesis. Science studies individual cognition, but the conclusion is universal cognition.
These discussions about hierarchy are not always clear. In ancient times, people were full of scientific spirit, but they often came to ridiculous conclusions now. Lack of proper philosophical guidance is one of the reasons, but his lack of understanding of science is also the reason for his individual understanding.
Science and philosophy have always been inextricably linked. Since Aristotle defined philosophy, philosophy has existed as "after science". Most of the raw materials of philosophy come from science. Even when science is not clearly established, philosophy depends on the bud of science-the understanding of separation. But science, because of its unique rigor, has been closely separated from philosophy.
Science, because it depends on the understanding of the material world, has an obvious limitation like human understanding: it depends on the essential law of universal understanding of the material world-the law of causality. It can be said that once causality is overthrown, science will cease to exist. Of course, if causality is overthrown, humans and other creatures will not survive. Therefore, this restriction is irrelevant. However, it is necessary to be clear about this.
As mentioned above, science does not lead mankind to ultimate perfection, but it plays a very important role in human development. Should we continue to develop science? The answer is obvious, yes, and it is fully developed. Although science can't cover our lives, it can let us know more about the material world. Our pursuit is not consistent with the material world, but to promote human spiritual civilization to the highest level, and this process needs the help of science. At the same time, science is also necessary to prolong human life and help people explore a wider space. Therefore, the development of science is crucial.
Scientific achievements, in its own field, only apply to the application of the material world. This is why science was invented. But in fact, science has not only played such a role. To some extent, science provides mankind with the possibility of spiritual stability. Before the vigorous development of science, God and God dominated the spiritual world of mankind. The capriciousness of human spirit needs a relatively stable, or eternal existence to give stability. This is an act of finding faith. With the development of science, people realize the materiality of law and know that God and God are more likely to be just a lie. No matter whether this lie is eternal or not, people will not accept a fake thing as a belief at will. Science has given people new stability, provided a new direction of belief, and freed people from self-denial. Therefore, science also plays an important role in the development of human history.
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