The characteristics of individualized treatment at drug metabolism level are divided into two aspects, namely detection technology and clinical service. Detection technology has developed rapidly in recent years: 1) The popularity of high-throughput sequencing technology has greatly improved the accuracy and coverage of gene detection, which can better explain the differences among individuals and improve the clinical significance of the detection results; 2) Liquid biopsy technology is also a new clinical detection technology that is gradually popularized, especially in the field of tumor, which has a good guiding role in the curative effect, prognosis and drug resistance of patients; 3) More and more attention has been paid to the role of omics in clinical detection. Compared with the results of single omics, the integrated application of multi-omics results provides a new model for individualized medication; 4) Molecular imaging technology is also going to clinic, which is used for pharmacokinetic study and exposure detection of tissues and organs, making it possible to detect drugs in target organs. The clinical service level mainly includes the interpretation of test results and the formulation of treatment plan, the establishment of model based on population pharmacokinetics, the establishment of dose model based on physiological model, and the establishment of dose model integrating multiple factors. So as to better simulate the process of drugs in vivo, recommend the dosage of drugs, formulate the appropriate administration plan, and realize individualized drug treatment.

4 Suggestions for future individualized drug therapy research

With the wide application of biological drugs, especially monoclonal antibodies, the individualized use of these drugs has become the focus of attention. National and academic levels have issued relevant management regulations, technical guidelines and expert knowledge on clinical application of biopharmaceuticals, but there are still few data on clinical effectiveness and safety, which poses new challenges for individualized treatment of such drugs. In addition to single drug therapy, the combined application of biological drugs and chemical drugs, biological drugs and traditional Chinese medicine is gradually increasing in clinical application, so it is of theoretical and clinical significance to study the efficacy, safety and mechanism of action caused by their drug interaction.

With regard to individualized drug therapy, a multidisciplinary medical diagnosis and treatment model has been formed, but there is still a long way to go to interpret the results of gene testing and the concentration of therapeutic drugs in combination with the clinical indications of patients and determine the safe and effective dose. At present, most of the related research is single-center, with little data and lack of verification. It is urgent to establish research on gene detection and therapeutic drug monitoring based on multi-center and big data to obtain the target gene and effective drug concentration range of China population; Comprehensive multiple factors (including physiological and pathological factors of patients, target genes, in vivo exposure, etc.). ) Establish an individualized medication plan for different drugs and formulate a recommendation model.