First, the manuscript of the paper
The paper is a summary of the author's investigation, experimental research, clinical research results and clinical work experience on a specific topic, and sometimes some assumptions or opinions are put forward. It is the response of the scientific research level of specific units and individuals, and it is also an important part of medical journals. This kind of paper is novel in content, reasonable in design, correct in method, clear in argument and credible in conclusion. Generally include the following types:
experimental research
Most of them are studies on etiology, pathology, physiology, pharmacology, microbiology and parasitology. Including all kinds of animal experiments, new technology and new method experiments: extraction or synthesis of new drugs, pharmacology and toxicity experiments; Animal surgery experiment: an in vitro experiment of soldiers or the causes of certain diseases; Antibacterial and antiparasitic experiments of some drugs: experimental research on disinfection, insecticidal and rodent control.
(2) Case analysis
Analyze, discuss and summarize the experience and lessons of a certain number of diseases in clinical departments (generally 100 cases or more is better) in order to improve the curative effect.
(3) Observation of curative effect
Using new drugs or new methods to treat diseases, double-blind or set up a control group to compare the curative effects of old and new drugs (therapies), including the curative effect level, advantages and disadvantages of therapies and drugs, types and degrees of adverse reactions, and put forward opinions on whether they have popularization and application value and dosage course.
(4) Investigation report
In a certain population range, the incidence, pathogenic factors, pathology, prevention and control methods and effects of a certain disease (infectious disease, epidemic disease, endemic disease and occupational disease) were investigated and studied by epidemiology. Analyze and study the materials obtained from the investigation, ask questions, analyze problems, solve problems, find out the laws of problems, evaluate them, and make suggestions on the treatment of disgust.
Second, the summary draft
Literature review is a special academic paper that collects a large number of medical original documents in recent 3-5 years, and is digested, analyzed, summarized, synthesized and sorted out. Its content areas include historical review, current situation, focus of debate, existing problems, future outlook and latest development. Generally, it reflects someone's latest progress, academic views, future prospects and suggestions in a certain field, and can reflect the new trends, new trends, new levels, new discoveries, new principles and new technologies of related issues, and provide readers with the latest medical and health research information. It is a valuable literary paper and should not be a simple literary dialogue. Many lines are usually written by experienced experts and help to ask questions and research directions. For graduate students and young medical staff, writing an article summary is a good learning method. Through writing, we can have a comprehensive understanding of a topic and lay a good foundation for guiding scientific research and clinical teaching.
Literature review is characterized by comprehensiveness, novelty and integration. The so-called integration refers to the integration of objective data and supervisor's judgment, which is discussed through literature review. His writing format generally consists of four parts: preface, text, summary and references.
Third, the medical record report manuscript
Medical records can generally be divided into case reports, clinical case discussions and comprehensive case reports.
(1) case report
This is the so-called paper form in clinical work, which mainly reports special cases encountered in clinic (including rare cases, cases with special manifestations that are difficult to diagnose, cases that are misdiagnosed and mistreated, cases with typical symptoms and clear teaching value, etc.). ) in the form of a case report. Generally, only one or two cases, not more than five cases, are selected for this kind of manuscript, the purpose of which is to deepen people's understanding of the disease and gradually accumulate experience after publication. The writing format of case report is generally title, case summary discussion and so on. , about 1000 words in length.
The key of case report is that the diagnosis must be clear and correct. Rare and difficult cases should be formally examined by surgery, biopsy and autopsy, or supported by other currently recognized monitoring results. To determine the side effects of a drug, it is necessary to rule out the possibility of taking other drugs at the same time. Only when the symptoms disappear after stopping the drug and reappear after taking the drug can the diagnosis be reliable.
(2) Clinical case discussion
When discussing clinical cases, we will discuss the diagnosis and treatment of clinically difficult, severe or complex cases collectively, and strive to get correct diagnosis and good treatment effect, and then organize the discussion briefly into a draft. Through discussion, we can learn from experience and lessons, improve the clinical thinking ability of analyzing and solving problems, thus enlightening and improving readers' diagnosis and treatment level. This kind of manuscript is a true portrayal of a hundred schools of thought contending, expressing their opinions, brainstorming and improving together, and it is also an important way to enliven academic atmosphere and thoughts.
Clinical case discussion includes the following contents: case summary, clinical discussion, pathological examination, case discussion and summary, etc.
(3) Comprehensive case report
It is used to summarize the characteristics of clinical manifestations and treatment results of one or more cases in order to find out certain regularity. According to the number of cases, the paper forms are different, and the form of large sample cases is close to clinical works. The general writing format is: questions, introduction, clinical data, discussion and references.
Fourth, peer review.
The review draft is mainly to make ideological, theoretical, logical and academic comments on some scientific research projects, research topics or an article in a journal, a chapter or a section of a book or the diagnosis and treatment methods of a disease, and put forward the commentators' views, propositions, viewpoints and opinions, so as to make the original work more logical, academic and theoretical. Comments are usually written by experts in a certain field, which can guide the research work in this field. The general format of summary writing is preface, theme and abstract.
Verb (abbreviation for verb) speech manuscript
Lecture refers to the teaching of a topic or a subject. According to different objects, it can be divided into public lectures and advanced lectures. Through the systematic narration of new theories, knowledge, technology and methods of modern medical science and technology, readers can understand the new trend of medical science development, improve the knowledge structure, update technical knowledge, help grassroots medical workers to learn by themselves and promote the progress of medical science and technology.
The characteristics of the lecture are practicality, novelty and systematicness. Novelty is the core of the lecture. In particular, advanced lectures should be innovative, disseminate medical information and promote the popularization and development of medical science. The writing of lecture notes should be focused, standardized, accurate, concise and easy to understand, and the manuscript should be of high quality. A lecture generally consists of three parts: preface, text and references, and some lectures can be accompanied by thoughts as needed.
Six, the new technology and new method of manuscript
The manuscript of new technologies and methods mainly introduces the application of new technologies and methods, and explains their principles and related knowledge. This manuscript has great practicability in the medical field, which is conducive to the dissemination and promotion of new technologies and methods in Russia, to improving the level and technology of diagnosis and treatment, and to promoting and demonstrating medical research.
The writing scope of new technologies and methods is very wide, including newly developed surgical methods, new diagnosis and treatment methods, new experience technologies and other auxiliary examination technologies, the application of various new equipment, and the experience and achievements of innovation and reform on the original basis.
The feature of new technology and new method manuscript is to describe the operation methods and steps of new technology, new method and new instrument, which is also the focus of writing; It is necessary to introduce or explore the principles of new technologies and methods in detail, and in the process of practical application, summarize or explain the use and its effects in a realistic way; It is necessary to discuss and compare the advantages and disadvantages of new and old technologies or methods seriously and objectively, and put forward further improvement suggestions.
Seven, Chinese medicine manuscripts
Manuscripts of traditional Chinese medicine are academic papers that discuss academic viewpoints, theories and clinical research of traditional Chinese medicine. At present, there is no unified standard for the editing and processing of TCM manuscripts, but the writing of manuscripts should have distinct characteristics of TCM, and should be written according to the traditional characteristics of TCM and conform to the principles of TCM.
The unique medical records and medical stories in TCM manuscripts are the themes of academic exchange, dissemination and inheritance of TCM, which have the basic characteristics of TCM manuscripts and show the unique styles of various schools of TCM in form. The writing of this kind of manuscript should be based on the basic spirit of TCM syndrome differentiation and treatment and principle, method, prescription and medicine, so as to achieve clear hierarchy, complete structure, prominent focus and clear conditioning.
Nine, abstract manuscript
A manuscript is a short and accurate excerpt from an article. Information such as the theme, research methods, objectives, achievements and conclusions of the paper should be mainly extracted. Its content is actually secondary information, and individual parts can also contain secondary information. According to its use, it can be divided into four types: reportable summary, indicative summary, compressed summary and specialized summary.
X. translating manuscripts
Translation is a kind of translation manuscript that reports the advanced science and technology of foreign medicine and health. English, Japanese, Russian, German and French are often used as translation languages. The translation process includes four consecutive links: comprehension, expression, proofreading and finalization. The translation should be rich in content, novel and advanced, the topic should be suitable for the needs, and the response should be rapid and timely. The translation requires clear concepts, strict logic, accurate data and concise words, and accurately and faithfully expresses the content and style of the original text in standardized Chinese. Translators can translate according to the needs of our country and the scientific, academic, first-hand and practical nature of aid. Translated manuscripts can be divided into full-text translation, abridged translation or abstract translation and translated abstract.
XI。 Presentation
The briefing manuscript should report some scientific research achievements, a small number of cases or work experience.
Twelve, medical science manuscripts
Medical popular science manuscripts take medical knowledge and medical technology as the content, and introduce the knowledge and skills of disease prevention and health care to the masses in simple terms with popular scientific and technological language, so that human beings can understand the relationship between themselves and nature and improve their self-regulation and self-protection ability. Medical popular science manuscripts have obvious practicability and pertinence, which can be divided into the following three categories according to their contents and properties:
(A) knowledge-based medical papers
Its task is to enrich readers' basic medical knowledge, enlighten their thoughts, arouse people's interest in the mysteries of life, and acquire all aspects of medical care knowledge. The form of writing can be dialogue, shallow talk, interesting talk, historical talk, self-talk and so on according to the different contents and objects.
(2) Literature and medical science papers
It uses the artistic method of medical science to spread medical science and technology knowledge and information to readers. The writing forms are generally reportage, medical sketches, poems, fairy tales, science fiction, fables, television, biographies and other forms.
(3) medical science and technology papers
Through the introduction of various new technologies and methods, readers can broaden their horizons, understand the trends of medical science and technology and increase their knowledge. This manuscript is both advanced and practical. Based on the national conditions of China, this paper introduces the most practical and advanced medical diagnosis, treatment and health care technology, which can also be written in appropriate literary techniques.
Thirteen, medical news reports.
This kind of manuscript refers to the report of recent facts in the medical or health field, including the research results of medical science and technology and its popularization and application, the report of medical workers' ideological trends, work style, professional ethics, scientific research activities, academic exchanges, important academic conferences, and guidelines, policies and measures related to medicine and health.
Medical news should not only have the characteristics of truthfulness, accuracy, freshness, timeliness, conciseness, telling with facts and spreading medical information, but also have the characteristics of scientificity, knowledge and popularity.
Medical news reports have a wide range of topics, rich contents and diverse topics. Its subject matter is roughly the same as ordinary news, which can be divided into information, communication, feature, interview, news meeting and so on. , its writing methods and skills vary with different content and objects.
14. Reproduction of conference documents or manuscripts.
Reprinting or reprinting of conference documents, including opening speeches, closing speeches, important reports and speeches of some important national medical academic conferences, conference minutes or academic summaries, diagnostic standards, prevention and treatment plans discussed and adopted by important national and regional professional conferences, etc.
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