In the12nd century and13rd century, South Opera and Northern Zaju appeared in the north and south of China respectively. No matter their ideological content or artistic expression form, they are divorced from the immature traces of China's early dramas and tend to be highly mature. Generally speaking, they are the earliest mature forms of China opera.
When did China Opera come into being? It should be said that it is still a mystery.
It is a long process for the art of Southern Opera to grow from bud to maturity. Folk song and dance dramas in Wenzhou and other places are all sung by village songs, and the structure of the dramas is relatively simple and rough, with only three or four roles. With the expansion of the activity area, after the Southern Opera entered the city, it was rapidly improved under the influence of Zhu Gong tune, singing income, Song Zaju, especially the singing art of Song Ci, which was more obvious in Zhang Xie's No.1 Scholar. The northern zaju goes south, and the artistic exchange between the north and the south makes the stage art of the southern opera mature gradually, and the script structure is more rigorous and complete. The scripts of Southern Opera in Song and Yuan Dynasties have specific norms in terms of structural layout and the use of various artistic means. According to the needs of plot development, Nanxi is more free and flexible in the use of Gongdiao and divertimento, and adopts the form of separation and integration. Generally speaking, the venue for explaining the plot has been brushed aside, but when it is necessary to focus on depicting characters and showing dramatic conflict scenes, they deliberately look for jobs and use more pen and ink. In terms of performance arrangement, there is a prologue at the beginning of the script of Nanxi Opera, which introduces the author's creative intention and describes the plot outline. This form has been preserved in the legends of the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Its highlight begins with the second scene. Around the main line of drama, there are many clean, ugly and gagged drama plots, which make lively and relaxed comedy scenes and calm and serious drama or tragedy scenes appear alternately. Every scene shapes the characters by singing, reciting and introducing science, which is reflected in the script literature, and there are literary forms in which songs, poems and introducing science appear alternately. However, the specific application of these means of expression is different from that of northern zaju. The most obvious difference is that zaju is sung by one person (ending or ending), while all lines and colors of Nanxi can be sung. This makes the singing of Southern Opera flexible and free, and provides favorable conditions for stage performance for the comprehensive application of Qu, Bai and Ke Jie, thus showing the superiority of the script form of Southern Opera. With the continuous development of the Southern Opera, the forms of the scripts of the Southern Opera are gradually improved in the creative practice. After the artistic exchange between the Southern Opera and the Northern Zaju, especially the emergence of such plays as Chai Jing Ji, White Rabbit Ji, Yue Ting Ji, Killing Dogs Ji and Pipa Ji, the literary form of the script has developed greatly, laying the foundation for the legendary system of later generations. With the expansion of six regions and the combination of local dialects, Southern Opera has been enriched in lines and phonology. The music of Nanxi Opera was originally based on local popular folk songs, but a large part of it was also popular in Song Dynasty. These ci-style songs have changed greatly in the form of tunes and lyrics, and the styles and tastes of tunes are also varied, which is suitable for expressing the feelings of all kinds of characters in Southern Opera. When the new form of North-South combination appeared, the two musical styles of Nanqu and Beiqu were combined, and different vocal cavities merged with each other. The performing arts of Southern Opera have the performance characteristics of folk song and dance dramas, and at the same time, they have absorbed the traditional performance forms such as gag of Song Zaju. The football lottery industry has also made new progress. There are seven kinds of foot color business in South Opera, namely, raw, Dan, clean, ugly, foreign, end and paste. Jiechou is a pair of comic foot colors in Southern Opera, which is in sharp contrast with the foot colors of dramas such as Sheng and Dan, forming a foot color performance system based on Sheng and Dan. In the comprehensive application of various artistic means, the stage art of Southern Opera in Song and Yuan Dynasties has begun to take shape. There is also a new development in the way of dealing with the stage in time and space. The performance forms and artistic achievements of Southern Opera in Song and Yuan Dynasties had a great influence on that time and later centuries. The stage art of Ming and Qing operas directly inherited the traditions of Southern Opera and Northern Zaju, thus laying the foundation for the stage art of China operas.
Zaju in Song Dynasty is a comprehensive opera composed of funny performances, songs and dances and zaju. Popular in Tokyo in the Northern Song Dynasty and Lin 'an in the Southern Song Dynasty. Generally speaking, a performance consists of four roles, some of which are added by one person. Zaju in the Northern Song Dynasty is divided into two parts: "Yan Duan" and "Zheng Zaju". "Yan Duan" is a familiar thing in daily life, which was performed before the drama performance. "Zheng Zaju" is divided into two sections and performs a complete story, which is the main body of Zaju. In the Southern Song Dynasty, zaju was divided into three parts, namely "Yan Festival", "orthodox zaju" and "miscellaneous clothes". "Miscellaneous costume" evolved from folk burlesque, and as an interlude after zaju, it is also called "miscellaneous class" or "zipper". Later, the northern zaju gradually developed into Yuan zaju, and the southern zaju gradually developed into Song and Yuan zaju.
Having said that, you should be able to give it to me.