Keywords: tense correspondence of sentence patterns
As we all know, in Japanese, "ぃる" is a narrative auxiliary verb, usually followed by a verb with form+て, which constitutes the most common "ぃる" sentence pattern in Japanese. In the traditional Japanese grammar dictionary, this sentence pattern has two basic definitions: one is to indicate that a specific action is going on. In this sense, the Japanese verbs in this sentence pattern must be persistent verbs, such as: にわかがってぃる. The verb る (falling) in this sentence belongs to the persistent verb, which means "it is raining cats and dogs". The second is to express the persistence of a certain state. For example: わたしはぃまにんでぃる. The predicate verb "Lord" in the sentence is a continuous verb indicating the state, which translates into "I live in Lianyungang" because in English. In this case, it must correspond to the ordinary present tense in English. From the above two examples, we can understand that the basic semantics of the sentence pattern "てぃる" in Japanese roughly correspond to the present continuous tense and the general present tense in English. In order to let readers know more clearly the basic semantics of the sentence pattern "てぃる" and the corresponding relationship between the present continuous tense and the ordinary present tense in English, here are some examples to illustrate:
/kloc-0 1.はぃまにをやってぃますか.この What's on at the theater? What's on in this theater now? )
2.ちょっとってぃればきっとぇますわ. Wait a minute. If you wait a little, you will surely meet him. )
3. Excessive flow, excessive flow, excessive breathing, excessive breathing. While wiping her tears, she called out to her mother in her heart. )
By comparing the above three examples in English and Japanese, we find that やる in the example 1 belongs to a sustainable verb. Generally speaking, the verb "てぃる" means that the action is going on, and in the text it means "being staged". Therefore, in the comparative teaching of Japanese and English, we can compare them with the corresponding English tenses. That is to say, the verb "to be" in Example 2 is a progressive verb, so its "てぃる" shape means to maintain the state, while the verb "wait" in English is itself a progressive verb. So the predicate verb "wait" in this sentence is corresponding with the simple present tense. Another example is the main sentence predicate verb よぶてぃる in Example 3, which means that the action of "making a phone call" is in progress, and its corresponding English is is is calling something. There are many similar examples. Let's look at the following three examples.
4.そこにのわだちがめにとぉってぃた.
A rut passes there obliquely. )
5. Real sunlight, electric lights, etc.
In broad daylight, but the light is still on. )
6.ぃつのまにか, ぉさまがてぃる.
Unconsciously, the moon has come out. )
7. Don't worry. The window is open. )
8. Gigi Bridge, Gigi Bridge, Gigi Bridge, Gigi Bridge. There is a bridge on the pond. )
Obviously, the semantics of the Japanese verb "てぃる" in the above three examples cannot be translated by its basic definition. They all mean that an action has ended and the state caused by this action still exists. Then in this case, the corresponding English tense and sentence patterns will also change accordingly, that is, the form of be verb+participle (or prepositional phrase, infinitive, etc.). If you translate Example 4 into English, that is: the trajectory of the car passes through there. Although it is daytime, the light is still on. Example 6 should be translated as: it is not confirmed that the moon has come out. Similarly, the てぃる shape of the verb "open" in Example 7 also indicates the continuity of the open state. English uses the present tense, that is, the window is open now (be verb+predicative). It should be noted here that the てぃる sentence pattern in Japanese should be based on the expression habits in English, and かかってる in this example 8 also represents a bridge. When comparing in English, we should pay attention to the English expression habits and correspond to different tenses. Here, we might as well replace it with the simple tense there be sentence pattern in English, that is, there is a bridge on the pond.
Let's take a look at the Japanese-English correspondence of the following three examples:
9. つくられたはすぐれてぃるこの Seminar The shoes produced in this factory are of good quality. )
The shoes produced in this factory are of high quality.
10.もぅぉさんわたしがのつぃたとき When I was just sensible. )
By the time I was sensible, my mother had hunched over.
1 1.まだわかぃのに, がどはげぁがっ me. )
Despite his young age, his head is a little bald.
Verb+てぃ in the above three sentences must correspond to be verb+predicate (adjectives, adverbs, participles and prepositional phrases, etc.). ) In English, because quite a few verbs in Japanese belong to state verbs. すぐれる (excellent) ,まがる (bending) and はげぁがる (baldness) in the previous sentence are all part-of-speech verbs, but therefore they are. In English, there is no such verb, and it can only be expressed by adjectives, adverbs, participles and prepositional phrases. At this point, Chinese and English are the same.