When I fell in love with Tianhou Palace, there was a Xu Yuanqing in the same state. His father was killed by Zhao Shizhen, a county magistrate, and he was able to avenge his father. At that time, Chen Ziang, the minister of exhortation, suggested that it should be punished, and it should be codified in order to become a national law forever. I stole it alone.

I smell the Great Book of Six in case of confusion. If there is no thief abuse, whoever is a son will be killed without forgiveness. The punishment is strong, but also to prevent chaos. If there is no thief abuse, whoever is justified will be killed without forgiveness. Its essence is the same, its use is different, and it is different from punishment. Punishment can be continuous, so it is called abuse, and punishment is embarrassing. If it can be punished, it is called arrogance and a bad gift. The fruit is presented to the world and passed on to future generations. Those who seek righteousness don't know where to go, and those who violate harm don't know where to stand. Is it possible to learn from it? Pet-name ruby building system of sages, rewards and punishments with poor reason, true feelings with positive criticism, that's all.

Stab him on the false or true, test his merits and demerits, seek his end with the original way {1 1}, and sentence him to divorce with punishment as a gift. who is it? If Yuan Qing's father, instead of being caught in a public crime, was punished by the teacher, he only used his personal resentment to encourage his officials to get angry and insult Fei Gu, while Zhou Mu {12} didn't know the crime, and the criminal officer didn't ask, and he was sent up and down {13} and didn't hear the crying; However, it is a great shame to wear the sky {14}, and to take care of it as a gift, so that the enemy can forgive himself {16}, that is, to die without regret, but also to be polite. Deacons should be ashamed, they will thank them {17}, but what's the point?

He, or Yuan Qing's father, could not help being punished by the teacher, but not by the law {18}. He was either executed by officials or by law. How can I get revenge? Hate the law of the son of heaven, and {19} serve the law, which is against {20} the monk's learning. Praise it and punish it, then what's the point of the positive code {2 1}?

He said: "Everyone must have a son, and every son must have a relative. Love and hate, who can save the chaos? " Polite and confusing. The so-called courtesy of the enemy, covering up its grievances, suppressing its pain without saying anything; It's not that you broke the law and got caught in a massacre. And said, "You kill it, I'll kill it." Do not discuss the merits, violent and weak. What a pity it is not sacred!

"Zhou Li" {22}: "Transfer people {23} and take revenge on ten thousand people. Whoever kills life for righteousness must not make enemies; Hatred is death. If there are anti-killers, the country will make enemies. " How safe is it to kiss and hate each other? "Biography of the Spring and Autumn Ram" {24} said: "If the father does not punish, the son can take revenge. If the father is punished, the son will retaliate. This way of pushing the blade {25}, revenge won't kill anyone. " Killing each other twice with this today is in line with the ceremony. The husband does not forget the enemy, filial piety; Don't love death, just also. Yuan Qing can no longer be polite and die in filial piety. He is also a reasonable and knowledgeable person. How can a man who knows the Tao take the king's law as his enemy? Debaters believe that killing and punishment are impolite and cannot be regarded as code and clear.

Please submit an order proposal. Those who broke the prison {26} should not discuss it before. I want to discuss it.

be filled/suffused/brimming with

1 see it: see it. In the past, when you made a statement above, the word respect was the same as the word "steal" below. Tianhou: Wu Zetian (624-705), whose name is Zhao. Rui Rui, the son of Ferry, was Li Dan's self-reliance and was later called Wu Zetian. ② Tongzhou: the name of the state in the Tang Dynasty, which is equivalent to Dali in Shaanxi today. Guǐ Gui: County name, now Weinan County, Shaanxi Province. (3) Zhao Shizhen, the county official: the county commander in Xiajiao at that time. 4 respect (Jong Jing): praise. Lu: The Gate of Lane. ⑤ Over: Wrong, improper. ⑥ Rite: the general name of morality and code of conduct in feudal times. ⑦ Criminal punishment: abuse of criminal law. It's a rash ⑧ Unauthorized taking (see jiàn): beyond the scope of duties. 9 system: formulation and regulation. ⑩ Yan: Trial conviction. {1 1} Original: inference. End: reason. {12} state shepherd: the chief executive of the state. {13} be hoodwinked: cover up. {14} Dai Tian: Holding the sky above your head means living in the same world as your enemy. {15} Brother Pillow: Sleep with weapons. {16} Clean: firm eyes. Self-control: self-control {17} Xie Zhi: Apologize to him. {18} Qi qiàn: Fault. {19} Yi (qiāng gun): Kill. {20} Rebellion (bèiào times proud): unruly. On the contrary, on the contrary. Oh, arrogant. {2 1} state code: national law. {22} Zhou Li, one of the Confucian classics, is a compilation of historical materials such as the official system of the Zhou royal family and the systems of various countries during the Warring States Period. {23} Li: the official name of the Zhou Dynasty. {24} The Biography of the Ram in the Spring and Autumn Period: The Biography of the Ram is one of the three biographies to explain the Spring and Autumn Period. {25} Blade Pusher: We can't stop killing each other. {26} Prison: refers to a case.

Revenge is the abbreviation of Chen Ziang's Revenge, which is a famous refutation article. Xu avenged his father, killed his father's enemy, and then surrendered to the court. For such a thing, Chen Ziang put forward the view that murder should be punished by death, while revenge for father is in line with etiquette and should be commended. Liu Zongyuan thinks that this is not only unclear, but also self-contradictory, and points out that Xu's revenge for his father is in line with the etiquette and should be fully affirmed. So I wrote this rebuttal. Today, although the main purpose of the article is to explain the consistency of feudal etiquette and law, it still has certain progressive significance when officials were corrupt and unjust imprisonment was difficult to apply.

This paper is bold and clear-cut. Liu Zongyuan quoted the classics, which showed that Chen Ziang's thought was contradictory, and he violated the law and etiquette, causing confusion. Although the article starts from maintaining the dignity of feudal "ceremony" and "law", it reconciles the contradiction between revenge for relatives and law-abiding. However, in his writing, the author focuses on the viewpoint that officials should be punished for breaking the law, which objectively supports the people's resistance to powerful officials, and at the same time exposes and criticizes the dark social reality that officials are in charge of each other and protect each other.

Therefore, it can be considered that Liu Zongyuan's Refuting Revenge is a glorious chapter that holds high the people-oriented thought. With his deep sympathy for the weak, he refuted Chen Ziang's argument of "punishing evil and promoting good" in the early Tang Dynasty. It also expounds the function of "harmony" in dealing with social contradictions.

In addition, the article has thorough analysis, concise and accurate language, clear and powerful refutation, which embodies the style of Liu Zongyuan's prose and is praised by later generations as a classic argumentative essay with incisive reasoning.

Posterity review

Mao Kun: "Chen, Liu and Han all discuss the New Tang Book? The introduction of "The Biography of Filial Piety" can be said to be the three most representative statements about filial son's revenge. If you talk about the ideological realm, you think Liu Wengao. "